72/73! I.G. Transceiver TST

Transcription

1 Tranceiver TST wa publihed in my book- QRP Tranceiver and PA from Acceible Part The book wa publihed by me (on my own expene) in 1991, in Belgorod, Ruia. I had printed 2000 ample of the book. The book decribe kit which my own company ( Vibria ) produced at the time. Fit uch kit wa tranceiver TST. Were produced 400 kit of TST (Tube- Semi- conductor- Tranceiver) near 50 of them were aembled by me for cutomer. Of coure, may be ome deign of the tranceiver eem to be old for the day, but what I can ay, the tranceiver work, and work not bad. 72/73! I.G. Tube- Semiconductor- Tranceiver (TST) The tranceiver conit of from two part: there are RX part and ТХ part. Let ee how it i worked beginning from the TX part. TX Figure 1 how the circuit of the tube part of the tranceiver TST. VFO made on tube V1 (grid- cathode part). Zener diode VD1 (100V/ 20mA) provide the table voltage to the tube. V1 work not only a VFO. L2C5 (witched in anode circuit) double the VFO frequency that depend on L1C2. Driver i aembled on V2, PA made on V3. In my cae the VFO worked very table when Ruian tube 6J2P wa ued in it. However, at meter pentode 6J1P work not bad. Inductor L1 i coiled on Ruian reitor MLT-2 or WS-2 (it i depend on ued band). The coil i uniformly pread on the form. The inductor hould be coiled by wire that provide coiling turn to turn. To provide tability of the VFO the inductor coiled on the form firtly coated with neutral glue. I ued Ruian glue BF-2. Wire of the inductor i coiled (above the glue) with a mall tenion. After coiling the glued inductor i dried at C- degree while 2 hour. After that the inductor one more time i coated with the glue. After that the inductor i dried at room temperature for 24 hour. Remember, from the quality of the L1 depend the frequency tability of the TST. I had reached at 10- meter band the drift 200 HZ/hour with my home made inductor (and proper C2,C3). Tranceiver TST Of coure, if you managed ue a ready- made inductor from an old VFO- ue it. Tap to cathode goe from ¼ from the cold end. (At my kit a pecial ceramic form for L1 wa included) If you can not get good air- dielectric Cn for the VFO - ue a variable reitor that i witched on a the Figure 2 how. Reitor may have whole reitance in 1 3-k. Tap to the reitor i taken from middle of the inductor. C* ( pF) i required picking to deire frequency range. The chematic provide le tability compare to air- variable capacitor. However, it i very poible to get a good tability jut picking the capacitor (around L1) having different Temperature Coefficient of Capacity. Figure 2 Variable Reitor intead Variable Capacitor Adjuting and Tuning VFO At firt tune the tank L1C2 (with help a receiver or digital frequency meter) to needed frequency. Do not forget that the circuit i tuned to ½ or 1/3 frequency from ued one. Then tune receiver to ued frequency and tune L2C5 to maximum trength of the ignal. Of coure, you may ue an RF voltmeter to do it. Then tune L3C8. mirror: Page 45

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3 It i poible to do in two different way. Firt, ue a receiver and tune to maximum trength. Second, turn on an amperemeter between R4 and C18 and tune to minimum current. Current at reonance L3C8 fall but voltage acro reitor R7 (it i meaured by a highohm voltmeter, preferably electromechanical (not digital) i raied. Note: V3 at the meaurement the voltage acro R7 hould be in the ocket, heater turn on but the voltage from anode and grid- 2 hould be removed. After the final tuning L3C8 turn on anode voltage to V3, turn on an antenna to X1, and tune the PA (with help of C15, C16) to maximum power going in to the antenna. LED VD1 how the power, the brighter it glow the more power i going in to the antenna. Coupling loop L5 hould be placed at proper ditance at L4, LED hould not glow too bright that may caue fault for thi one. A uual the circuit (L4,C15,C16) i being tuned at the center of an amateur band doe not require to be retuning to the edge of the band. So, if only one antenna (or everal antenna having the ame input impedance, for example 50 Ohm) i ued, it i poible ue fixed capacitor C15, C16. At the PA a Ruian tube 6P3S, 6P6S, 6P14P, 6P9, 6P15P work well. Firt three work well at 160 through 20 meter, the lat two work well at meter. Table 1 how data for all inductor of the TX. Table 1 Data for inductor of the TX * Firt column- number of turn, econd columnlength of winding. Otherwie inductor i winded uniformly on to the form. ** Inductor L4 i coiled on a form in diameter 34 millimeter. For meter ue wire 0.8 mm (20 AWG), for meter ue wire in 1.0 mm (18 AWG), for meter ue wire mm (18-12 AWG). diameter mm (37-32 AWG), for meter may be wound by wire in mm (30-24 AWG), for meter may be wound by wire in diameter mm (24-20 AWG). *** L1, L2, L3 are coiled on Ruian reitor WS2 or MLT-2. Reitance for thee one hould be more then100-k for L1 and L2. For inductor L3 the reitance hould be more the 27-k. L1 for meter may be wound by wire in Note: Capacitor C1 and C5 may need be choen to your implementation of the L1 and L2. Ue a variable capacitor with a big marked limb to determinate the value of C1 and C5. Then intall a fixed capacitor intead the variable. mirror: Page 47

4 L2 for meter may be wound by wire in diameter mm (37-32 AWG), for meter may be wound by wire in diameter mm (30-24 AWG), for meter may be wound by wire in diameter mm (24-20 AWG) L3 for meter may be wound by wire in diameter mm (37-32 AWG), for meter may be wound by wire in diameter mm (30-24 AWG), for meter may be wound by wire in diameter mm (24-20 AWG) capacitor C1 to pF.It make the hift of the VFO frequency far away from the amateur band. Solder the C1 to another end of the S1.1 (compare to hown in Figure 1) to hift the frequency in the low edge of the frequency band. Note: Do not tay V3 at high voltage when the VFO or/and driver doe not work properly. V3 get the grid bia voltage from detecting an RF by the part- 1-grid- cathode. Without bia voltage (the ame without an RF on the firt grid) the tube may overheated (due huge anode current) and goe off operation. After tuning TX tune the RX part. When TX i aembled and tuned, it i poible try to do QSO uing thi one and eparate receiver. At thi cae increae the capacity of the hift frequency Part Lit TX Tube: V1: Ruian Tube 6J2P- mall RF Pentode with hort characteritic V2: Ruian Tube 6J1P- mall RF Pentode with hort characteritic V3: Ruian Tube 6P15P- RF Power Pentode Reitor: R1: 39 k/ 0.25 W* ( k) R2: 3.3 k/ 0.5 W* (680 Ω 5.6 k) R3: 15 k/ 2 W* (12 18 k) R4: 18 k/ 2 W* (12-24 k) R5: 3.3 k/ 0.5 W* ((680 Ω 5.6 k) R6: 39 k/ 0.25 W* (27-68 k) R7: 39 k/ 0.25 W* (27-51 k) R8: 5.6 k / 1 W* ( k) *Recommended () In bracket- may be ued Capacitor: C1: 2 10 pf* C2: See Table 1 C3:100 pf** C4: uf*** C5: See Table 1 C6: uf*** C7: 100 pf** C8: See Table 1 C9: uf*** C10: 0.01 uf*** C11: 0.01 uf*** C12: 0.01 uf*** C13: 0.01 uf*** C14: See Table 1 C15: See Table 1 C16: See Table 1 C17: 27 pf** C18: uf *** C19: 100 pf** Cn: pf**** * Depend on frequency hift ** Tolerance % *** Tolerance % **** Depend on ued band Diode VD1: Zener Diode, 100 V/20 ma, hould be placed on a mall heater ink, I had ued a coin having dimenion of a 25 cent US coin. VD2: Any mall power RF diode VD3: Any LED VD4: Any mall power RF diode VD5: Any mall power RF diode Switche: S1: Any DPDT witch that can be ued at 250 V/ 100 ma Connector: X1: Any RF Connector X2: 5- PIN Audio Connector mirror: Page 48

5 RF- Choke: RFC1: Wound on Ruian Reitor WS-2 (ize: diameter 9.7-mm, length 49-mm), reitance more than 51-k. Figure 3 how the RFC implemented for different band. Figure 3. RFC for TST A) meter: turn by inulated wire 0.1-mm (38-AWG); B) meter: 3 ection wound turn to turn by inulated wire 0.2- mm (32- AWG); C) meter: 1 ection i wound with tep 0.3 mm, econd ection wound turn to turn by inulated wire 0.2-mm (32-AWG). RХ A DC receiver i ued at the TST. Figure 4 how chematic of the receiver. Figure 4. Circuit diagram for DC receiver of the TST RF Amplifier: It ha active component T1 and T2. VD1 VD4 are protected the input RF Amplifier from an overload by own tranmitter or power ignal coming from the Air. The diode allow ue for the tranceiver a eparately antenna (ometime it allow to avoid AC hum in the head phone). Adjuting the RF Amplifier i imple. With help of R3 intall at emitter of T2 half voltage compare to collector T2. Check current of T2. It hould be 5-10-mA. If the current i higher increae R1 then check again voltage at emitter T2. If the current i lower, decreae the R1, then again check voltage at emitter T2. L1C1 and L2C5 hould be tuned on working frequency. Driver for VFO: It i made on T3. Check drain current when ignal from VFO i applied to the gate of the T3. It hould be not more then 15-mA. If the current i more, play with R5 and C6. It i ueful to play with R5 and C6 on to bet reception. RF Amplifier and Driver for low- band: At meter you may ue implified RF amplifier made on 1 tranitor and driver made on uual bipolar tranitor. However, at uch deign the AC hum may come to headphone.it may come difficultie with adjuting the driver to obtain an optimal RF voltage at mixer. Frequency between TX and RX may drift. Figure 5 how the chematic for implified RF Amplifier (A) and Driver (B). Quai- Balanced Mixer: It i made on diode VD5 VD9. RF i coming through L2.2 to the mixer. R6, R7 and C7, C8 provide quai - balancing. No tuning and adjuting at right part. Audio Filter: It i made on C9, R8 and C10. Cutting frequency i near 3.5-kHz. If you have a commercial made Audio Filter (for example, from an old TRX) ue it. Turn on thi one intead R8, C10 may be deleted. It i poible turn on intead R8 an old Univeral Magnetic Head (from an old tape recorder), however, in ome cae an AC hum may come. No tuning and adjuting at right part. mirror: Page 49

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7 Figure 5 Circuit diagram for implified RF Amplifier (A) and Driver (B) Audio Amplifier: It i made on T4, T5, T6, T7. It i preferable to ue a low noie high gain tranitor. It may be any low power old- made germanium or modern ilicon tranitor. Adjuting i a very eay. With help of R9 intall at collector T4 the voltage 4.5-V. With help of R21 intall at collector T4 the voltage 6.0-V. If audio amplifier ha elf-excitation, increae R11 (for example to 6.8-k or more). Bridge Wien: Bridge Wien (detailed hown on Figure 6) doe rejection of the 50-Hz. The frequency i ued at AC in Europe. It i poible recount (uing equation from the Figure 6) both a rejection frequency a part for the bridge. Part hould have a poible mall tolerance a can. Figure 6 Bridge Wien It i poible to ue a preciion potentiometer intead R3 (on Figure 6) to adjut the rejection frequency. Figure 7 how PCB (from ide of the foil). PCB ha ize 100 x 70 mm. Figure 8 how view to montage of the RX. Board made by through- hole montage. Figure 7 PCB of the RX mirror: Page 51

8 Figure 8 Montage of the RX (Arrow how to Phone ) Part Lit RX Reitor: R1: 300/0.25 W* R2: 39 k/ 0.25 W* R3: 39k/ 0.25 W* R4: 220 /0.25 W* ( Ω) R5: 39k/0.25 W* R6: 360/0.25 W* ( Ω) R7: 360/ 0.25 W* ( Ω) R8: 2.2k/0.25 W* (1k- 3.9k) R9: 100k/0.25 W* R10: 10k/0.25 W* (5.6k- 10k) R11: 3.9k/0.25 W* R12: 8.2k/ 0.25 W* (5.1k- 10k) R13: 1k/0.25 W* R14: 150k/0.25 W** R15: 150k/0.25 W** R16: 150k/0.25 W** R17: 150k/0.25 W** R18:220k/0.25 W* (39k- 300k) R19: 39k/0.25 W*(27k- 51k) R21: 10k/0.25 W* (8.2k- 12k) R22: 3.9k/0.25 W* (3.9k- 6.8k) *Recommended ** Tolerance 2% () In bracket- may be ued R6 mut be imilar to R7 Capacitor: C1: See Table 2 C2: 0.01 uf* C3: 0.01 uf* C4: 68 pf C5: See Table 2 C6: 68 pf C7: See Table 2 C8: See Table 2 C9: 0.5 uf C10: 0.1 uf C11: 5.0 uf** C12: 5.0 uf** C13: uf*** C14: uf*** C15: uf*** C16: uf*** C17: uf*** C18: 0.1 uf * C19: 3300 pf* C20: 50.0 uff** C21: 0.1 uf * C22: 1.0 uf * * Tolerance % ** Electrolytic *** Tolerance 5% C7 mut be imilar to C8 Diode VD1- VD10: Any mall power RF diode VD5- VD8 mut be imilar Connector: X1: 5- PIN Audio Connector RF- Choke: RFC1: Wound bulky by inulated wire 0.1-mm (38- AWG) on Ruian Reitor WS- 0.5 (ize: diameter 5.5-mm, length 26-mm), reitance more than 51-k. For quantity of turn ee Table 2. mirror: Page 52

9 Semiconductor VT1: Small power N- channel RF FET VT2: Small power NPN bipolar RF tranitor VT3: Small power N- channel RF FET VT4: Low noie high- gain PNP audio tranitor VT5: Low noie high- gain PNP audio tranitor VT6: Low noie high- gain PNP audio tranitor VT7: Low noie high- gain PNP audio tranitor Table 2. Data for inductor for the receiver * Inductor for meter i wound bulky by inulated wire 0.1-mm (38-AWG) on Ruian Reitor MLT- 2 (ize: diameter 8.6-mm, length 18.5-mm), reitance more than 51-k. For other band (40-10 meter) the inductor are wound uniformly by inulated wire 0. 5-mm (25-AWG) on Ruian Reitor MLT- 1 (ize: diameter 6.6-mm, length 13-mm), reitance more than 51-k. ** C7 and C8 may have tolerance %, however, C7 mut be imilar to C8 *** RFC1: Wound bulky by inulated wire 0.1-mm (38- AWG) on Ruian Reitor WS- 0.5 (ize: diameter 5.5-mm, length 26-mm), reitance more than 51-k. Figure 3. RFC for TST Note: Capacitor C1 and C5 may need be choen to your implementation of the L1 and L2. Ue a variable capacitor with big marked limb to determinate the value of C1 and C5. Then intall a fixed capacitor intead the variable. Deign TST Experience how that deign in DC tranceiver play the ame role a the chematic doe. Perform the tranceiver trictly to the draft and you obtain good reult. Figure 9 how deign of the TST. Figure 9 Deign of the TST mirror: Page 53

10 According to Figure 9: 1. Connector + 250/+12/ AC 6.3V 2. Key 3. Ventilating hole 4. Stipe (may be made from a cap of toothpate) 5. Toggle - Switch TX-RX 6. Tuning Dial, made from a PCB tuff 7. Tuning Knob (may be made from a cap from a platic can), glued by Crazy Glue to item 6 8. Wide Strap (made from tranparent Plexigla) 9. Support Pole 10. LED ТХ 11. Tuning РА Figure 10 how the view upide to the montage of the TST. Montage mut be done trictly to the figure. Figure 11 how view to inide of the TST. Draft with ize (in millimeter) for item 1-11 are hown below. Lead of the TX part are oldered to pad (the pad dimenion on 4x4 mm are cutting on the PCB at part poition). L4 made from a heavy wire (for meter) may be jut oldered by it lead to X1 and C15. L4 for meter wound on a form (platic or cardboard) may be fatened to item 8. Hole intended the Tube Platic Socket have ize a bit le the ocket. So the ocket are hard inerted to the hole then grounding lead oldered to PCB. Figure 10. View upide to the montage of the TST mirror: Page 54

11 Figure 11. View inide of the TST Step to aembling TST: 1. Have done ready item 1-11 (do not forget that item 6 made from a double- ided PCB) 2. Have checked that all hole are made and made correctly 3. Intall tube ocket 4. Solder edge at item Do fatened in everal point item 1,2,7,9 Item mirror: Page 55

12 6. Do fatened in everal point item 3,6,8 7. Do final oldering the (paragraph item 8. Do montage TX 9. Tune the VFO to needed frequency range, then intall item 4. VFO frequency may go down for a little. 10. Intall a working board RX 11. Intall item 5, do calibration of the tranceiver 12. Intall cover 10 and 11. Cover 11 i intalled up the tranceiver, cover 10 (conit from 2 part) down the tranceiver. Item 10a cloe VFO, item 10b cloe PA. It i poible to do item 1, 9 10 and 11 a little bigger (hown in dahed line at Figure 9). In thi cae all ide of the tranceiver will be cloed. Tranceiver will be work more table at meter. Item 6, 9 Item 2 mirror: Page 56

13 Item 7 Item 1, 10, 11 mirror: Page 57

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