Modeling and Simulation of PV Arrays under PSC (Partial Shading Conditions)

Transcription

1 nternational Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. SSN , Volume 7, Number 4 (2014), pp nternational Reearch Publication Houe Modeling and Simulation of Array under PSC (Partial Shading Condition) Utkarh S. Bhadoria 1 and Rakeh Narvey 2 1,2 MTS,Gwalior, Madhya Pradeh Abtract n our environment o many harmful gae emit from plant uch a thermal power plant thee harmful gae are gave the harmful impact on our environmental condition uch a temperature increae acid rain etc. So here we introduced the renewable energy ource ue for generating electricity uch a olar wind etc. n that paper how the modelling of cell and introduce new maximum power tracking point algorithm that algorithm baed on mathematical calculation for detecting the maximum power point MATLAB baed CAD package platform ha been ued for analyi array cell performance. Keyword: module, modelling and imulation of array and MATLAB baed CAD package, olar radiation, partial hading. 1. ntroduction n the new millennium the renewable reource i the mot important part which help to increae the power generation afely. The renewable reource ue help to reduce harmful emiion gae like green houe gae and reduce the value of foil fuel n other hand deregulation of electric utility indutry and giving chance for high penetration and ue ditributed reource. The demand of the cotumer i high o it i not poible due to one olar plant. The ditributed generation ytem i played a vital role to fulfil the conumer demand, here ditributed generation ytem two or more power generation plant are interconnected at one power grid that i alo called ditributed genco. n that paper the modelling of ytem i hown and check the performance of the cell by teting cell on MATLAB platform. The photovoltaic panel i aborbed olar radiation i not converted into electricity but contribute to peak up the temperature of the module, Thu it reducing the electrical efficiency[2][4]. Baically that ytem i generated electricity from un light. n the function of the ytem i that firtly the un light in converted in to an DC electricity which tored in a high voltage DC battery then DC power ha been converted by uing the inverter

2 424 Utkarh S. Bhadoria & Rakeh Narvey circuit that i the converion i called DC to AC. That modelling of cell i baed on Shockley diode equation and the reult on the baic of MATLAB platform. The mot important two major problem in generation ytem i the converion efficiency of about 9 to 12 % in low radiation condition. The mot amount of power generation in ytem continuouly change along with environmental condition there for reearch i been carried out for the increae the efficiency of energy produced from olar cell Sytem o here introduced the maximum power tracking point of the cell which increae the output of the ytem in a olar cell V characteritic i varie along with temperature and radiation. One unique point in V characteritic of cell that power voltage curve i called the maximum power point thi point i aid to be operated at maximum efficiency and generate maximum power output. The location of maximum power point can be finding by the help of maximum power point method.[11] The trouble are compounded by the effect of fractional hading. f ytem conit of a many number of panel, it i very hard to make ure that all panel are ubjected to the ame level of inolation. Diimilar panel due to factor uch a dut, cloud, tree, etc. will in carry out be ubjected to different amount of inolation [10]. Thi i known a partial hading and can give rie to complex -V and P-V characteritic uch a multiplicity of power peak a hown in Fig.[4],[3].

3 Modeling and Simulation of Array under PSC (Partial Shading Condition) Generator Generator i a combination of olar cell connection protective part. n modeling the main attracting point i only cell, module, and array. Solar cell baically conit of P-N junction i made-up with a thin wafer olution along with layer of ilicon emiconductor material. n the V- characteritic of olar cell ha hown that the exponential growth which imilar to a diode. (Solar energy) photon trike the olar cell when energy larger than the energy band gap of emi-conductor. n the material Atom electron are emit and create electron hole. Thee electron are carried under the P-N junction internal electric field and create current which parallel to the incident radiation. n cae the cell i hort circuited thi current carried out in the external circuit when the cae i open circuited that current i internally hunted by intrinic p-n junction diode. Fig. 1:.A two-diode cell model. 2. Propoed Model for Solar Cell A ingle-diode model i hown in Fig. 3 whoe output current equation i q( V R) av V R T e 1 R p where i the generated photovoltaic current, (1) and a are the revereaturation current and the ideality factor of the diode repectively, whilt V T i the thermal equivalent voltage defined in term of the Boltzmann contant k, the temperature T (K) and the electronic charge a V T kt / q and i approximately equal to 25 mv at room temperature. The reitor RS and RP are the erie and parallel reitance, repectively. Earlier work on partial hading uing only one diode and the ingle erie reitance model were ineffective in large array at low inolation level i.e. when the effect of recombination become important. For thi reaon, the two diode model, Fig. 4, become more appropriate. n thi model, the econd diode account for the low inolation, whilt the parallel reitor account for the effect on the open-circuit voltage at higher temperature. The equation of the output current for the two-diode i[1]

4 426 Utkarh S. Bhadoria & Rakeh Narvey V R V R V R S1 exp 1 2 exp 1 (2) a1v T1 a2vt 2 R p Where, S1 S 2 are the aturation current, a 1, a2 are the ideality factor; V T1, V T 2 are the thermal voltage of diode D1, and D2, repectively. The photovoltaic current at a given temperature and irradiance i * G STC) K T Go ( (3) Where (STC ) i the photovoltaic current at the tandard tet condition i.e. G G 0, K1 i hort-circuit current coefficient, T i the change in temperature in Kelvin, G i the urface irradiance of cell and 2 0 W / m i tandard irradiance. (STC ) Propoed in [9] i R R p S ( STC) SC( STC) R (4) P The open-circuit voltage a a function of temperature Voc V OC( STC ) KV T (5) V OC(STC) the open-circuit voltage at STC and Kv i the voltage coefficient of open-circuit. The improved current revere aturation equation at given temperature, propoed by [21] i V OC VOC ( ) / exp 1 (6) RP avt For the two-diode model, S 2 i taken to be 1 to10 time S 1 and for generality they are et aide equal in the following equation V OC VOC S1 2 [ ( VOC / RP )]/ exp exp 2 (7) a2vt 1 a1v T 2 R The reitor S and RP are obtained uing logical technique decribe in [7] which Pmp Vmp mp R matche the Maximum power point unique to the S and RP combination. The value of a1 and a2 can be randomly choen to fit the curve and in thi paper a , and a 2 can be elected with a appropriate value to fit the curve. n V OC(STC ) the above equation, manufacturer dataheet. ), SC(STC V mp,, mp K, v and K1 are generally found in

5 Modeling and Simulation of Array under PSC (Partial Shading Condition) 427 Fig. 2: The inolation can be pecified for each individual module a depicted. Fig. 3: A typical current-voltage -V curve for a cell. Fig. 4: A typical P-V characteritic curve for different cae. 3. Reult and Dicuion MATLAB baed computer aided deign package with graphic i ued in thi paper to imulate array module for different level of hading. The performance of array

6 428 Utkarh S. Bhadoria & Rakeh Narvey module i hown in V- characteritic and P-V characteritic hown in figure. The package allow the uer to pecify the type of the model example MSX 60 [12]. n erie the no. module and the no. of parallel path alo pecified a per module. That i more realitic than the previou approach where the complete parallel path under the ame level of hading. Now, the temperature of each module i alo can be pecified. n that paper the package i ued to imulate the operation that i MSX 60 module that will be arrange in 45 parallel path along with 10 unit in erie and the reult V- and P-V characteritic of P-V array module hown in Fig Concluion Matlab package with the graphical interface along with computer aided deign which help to analyi of pv array module ha developed, it i ued to examine the performance by the effect of partial hading for the commercial ue of pv module and reult identify from the modeling and imulation from data heet of manufacture. Reference [1] M. Chegaar, Z. Ouennoughi, A. Hoffmann, A new method for evaluating illuminated olar cell parameter pergamon, olid-tate electronic 45 (2001) [2] G. Notton, C. Critofari, M. Mattei, P. Poggi, Modelling of a double-gla photovoltaic module uing finite difference Elevier, Applied thermal Engineering 25 (2005) [3] Mohamed M. Algazar, Hamdy AL-monier, Hamdy Abd EL-halim, Mohamed Ezzat El Kotb Salem, Maximum power point tracking uing fuzzy logic control Elevier, electrical power and energy ytem 39 (2012) [4] Ewdal rmak,naki Guler, Application of a high efficient voltage regulation ytem with MPPT algorithm Elevier, Electrical power and Energy ytem 44 (2013) [5] am Houamo, Fabrice Locment, Manuela Sechilariu, Experimental analyi of impact of MPPT method on energy efficiency for photovoltaic power ytem Elevier, Electrical Power and Energy Sytem 46 (2013) [6] Ali Akbar Ghaami, Seyed Mohammad Sadeghzadeh, Ama Soleimani, A high performance maximum power point tracker for ytem Elevier, Electrical Power and Energy Sytem 53 (2013) [7] K. haque, Z. Salam, and H. Taheri, Simple, fat and accurate two-diode model for photovoltaic module, Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cell, vol. 95, pp , [8] N. Kihor, S. R. Mohanty, M. G. Villalva, E. Ruppert. Simulation of array output power for modified cell model. n:proc. EEE nternational Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), Page(): , Kuala Lumpur, Malayia, 2010.

7 Modeling and Simulation of Array under PSC (Partial Shading Condition) 429 [9] M. G. Villalva, J. R. Gazoli, and E. R. Filho, Comprehenive approach to modelling and imulation of photovoltaic array, EEE Tran. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 5, pp , [10] N. Kihor, S. R. Mohanty, Marcelo GradellaVillalva, Erneto Ruppert. Modeling of module with conideration of environmental factor. n: Proc. EEE PES Conference on nnovative Smart Grid Technologie Europe, Sweden, [11] Nader Anani, M. Shahid, Omar Al-kharji and Joao Ponciano, A CAD Package for Modeling and Simulation of Array under Partial Shading Condition, Elevier, Energy Procedia 42 ( 2013 ) [12] Ahih Kumar Singhal, Rakeh Narvey PSM and MATLAB baed Simulation of Array for Enhance the Performance by uing MPPT Algorithm, nternational Journal of Electrical Engineering SSN Volume 4, Number 5 (2011), pp

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