Effect of Perturb & Observe Algorithm and Incremental Conductance Algorithm on the Performance of Cuk Converters for Photovoltaic Application

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1 Available onlinewww.ejaet.com European Journal of Advance in Engineering and Technology, 2017, 4(7): eearch Article ISSN: X Effect of Perturb & Oberve Algorithm and Incremental Conductance Algorithm on the Performance of Cuk Converter for Photovoltaic Application Bal Mukund Sharma 1 and Kuldeep Sahay 2 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical Univerity, India 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Intitute of Engineering and Technology, UP, India harma.balmukund@gmail.com ABSTACT Thi tudy preent a new kind of maximum power point tracking algorithm baed on perturb and oberve algorithm and incremental conductance algorithm compare. A generalized photovoltaic array imulation model in MATLAB/Simulink environment i developed and preented. Thi paper preent in detail comparative tudy between two mot popular algorithm technique which i incremental conductance algorithm and perturb & oberve algorithm. Conidering the effect of olar irradiance and temperature change, the output current and voltage of PV module are imulated and optimized uing thi model. Cuk converter ue for comparative tudy. Few comparion uch a efficiency, voltage, current and power output for each different combination ha been recorded in thi paper. Cuk converter are conidered a poible dc dc converter that can be cacaded. MATLAB imulation are ued to compare the efficiency of each topology a well a evaluating the benefit of increaing cot and complexity. The cuk converter are hown to be the mot efficient topologie for a given cot, with the cuk bet uited for long tring. The propoed model i deigned with a uer-friendly icon and a dialog box like Simulink block librarie. Key word: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), Photovoltaic array, DC-DC converter, Perturb & oberve algorithm and Incremental conductance algorithm INTODUCTION The ytem configuration for the topic i a hown figure 1. Here the PV array i a combination of erie and parallel olar cell. Thi array develop the power from the olar energy directly and it will be change by depending up on the temperature and olar irradiance. So we are controlling thi to maintain maximum power at output ide we are booting the voltage by controlling the current of array with the ue of PI controller. By depending upon the dc-dc converter like buck, boot and cuk converter output voltage finally it connect to load for variou application [1]. POPOSED MPPT ALGOITHM FO PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATION A. Modeling of Solar PV Module In electrical terminology Modeling of Photovoltaic cell mean repreenting with it equivalent circuit. PV cell can be repreented in three equivalent circuit. A olar cell can be operated at any point along it characteritic current-voltage cure, a hown in figure 2. Two important point on thi curve are the open circuit voltage (V oc) and hort-circuit current (Ic). The open-circuit voltage i the maximum voltage at zero current, wherea the hort-circuit current i the maximum current at zero voltage. A plot of power (P) againt voltage (V) for thi device how that there i a unique point on the I-V curve at which the olar cell will generate maximum power. Thi i known a the maximum power point (V mpp, I mpp) [2-3]. Becaue a ilicon olar cell typically produce only about 0.5V. A number of cell are connected in erie in a PV module. A panel i a collection of module phyically and electrically grouped together on a upport tructure. An array i a collection of panel. 516

2 Model I In model I the PV cell i repreented with a current ource in parallel with a diode. The current ource generated the photo current I ph, which i directly proportional to the olar irradiance E. The p-n tranition area of the olar cell i equivalent to a big diode which i alo integrated in the picture [4-6]. The V-I equation of the implified equivalent circuit could be derived from Kirchhoff current law. I = I ph I D = I ph I S (exp ( V m.v T ) 1) (1) Here I ph= Photo current, I D = Diode current, I S = diode revere aturation current, charge of an electron e=1.6*10-19 C m = Diode ideality factor m=1..5, v T = Thermal Voltage v T= (k.t/e) k = contant of Boltzmann k= *10-23 Jk -1, T = abolute temperature, [T] =K (Kelvin) PV Module DC DC LOAD Fig. 1 Typical MPPT Sytem Block Diagram VI characteritic PV characteritic Amp Pmpp Ic Current Vmpp Impp Power 0 Voc Volt Fig. 2 Characteritic of Photovoltaic Sytem I Iph ID DC Current Source Diode V Fig. 3 Ideal PV Model Fig. 4 eal PV Model Model II A mention above, the implified equivalent circuit doen t give an optimal repreentation of the electrical proce at the olar cell. At real olar cell a voltage lo on the way to the external contact could be oberved. Thi voltage lo could be expreed by a erie reitor,. Furthermore, leakage current could be oberved, which could be decribed by a parallel reitor, p [7-9]. Derived from Kirchhoff firt law the equation for the extended I-V curve i achieved. 0 I ph I D I P I (2) 517

3 With follow V D V I I p (3) P P V I V I. 0 I I exp 1 ph I m V T p (4) V I V I. I I I exp 1 ph (5) m V T p B. MPPT Algorithm Implementation Tracking the maximum power point of a photovoltaic array i uually an eential part of a PV ytem. The problem conidered by MPPT technique i to automatically find the voltage V MPP or current I MPP at which a PV array hould operate to obtain the maximum power output P MPP under a given temperature and irradiance. Here we implement Perturb and oberve (P&O) MPPT algorithm and Incremental conductance MPPT algorithm. In Perturb and oberve (P&O) algorithm the controller adjut the voltage by a mall amount from the array and meaure power; if the power increae, further adjutment in that direction are tried until power no longer increae [10-11]. It i referred to a a hill climbing method, becaue it depend on the rie of the curve of power againt voltage below the maximum power point, and the fall above that point. In the incremental conductance algorithm, the controller meaure incremental change in array current and voltage to predict the effect of a voltage change. Thi algorithm require more computation in the controller, but can track changing condition more rapidly than the perturb and oberve algorithm (P&O). The fig.5 and fig.6 explain the operation of Perturb and oberve algorithm and incremental conductance algorithm with a flow chart [12-13]. Fig. 5 Perturb and Oberve Algorithm Fig. 6 Incremental Conductance Algorithm CUK CONVETE There i three baic type of DC-DC converter for to track the maximum power from olar PV ytem to the load. A dc/dc converter from an integral part of any MPPT ytem. Without dc/dc converter no MPPT ytem are deigned. There are variation on the baic Cuk converter. For example, the coil may hare ingle magnetic core, which drop the output ripple, and add efficiency. Becaue the power tranfer flow continuouly via the capacitor, thi type of witcher ha minimized EMI radiation. [14] The Cuk converter enable the energy flow bidirectional, by adding a diode and a witch. The baic circuit of a Cuk converter i hown in Fig.7 and a you can ee it ha an additional inductor and capacitor. The circuit configuration i in ome way like a combination of the buck and boot converter, although like the buck-boot circuit. It deliver an inverted output. Note that virtually all of the output current mut pa through C 1, and a ripple current. So C 1 i uually a large electrolytic with a high ripple current rating and low ES (equivalent erie reitance), to minimize loe. When witch i turned on, current flow from the input ource through L 1 and MOSFET, toring energy in L 1. Magnetic field. Then when MOSFET i turned off, the voltage acro L 1 revere to maintain current flow. A in the boot converter current then flow from the input ource, through L 1 and diode, charging up C 1 to a voltage omewhat higher than V in and tranferring to it ome of the energy that wa 518

4 tored in L 1. Then when MOSFET i turned on again, C 1 dicharge through via L 2 into the load, with L 2 and C 2 acting a a moothing filter [15-17]. Fig. 7 Circuit Diagram of Cuk Converter SIMULATION ESULTS The imulation of olar PV module characteritic i done on the MATLAB/Simulink. Parameter of Solar PV module Output voltage, current and power curve of Solar PV model i hown in the figure 9. Open circuit voltage (V oc) = 22.22V Short circuit current (Ic) = 5.45 A Current at Pmax = 4.95A Voltage at Pmax=17.2 V Diode ideality factor m=2 Thermal Voltage = v T= (k.t/e) Charge of an electron e= *10-19 a Contant of Boltzmann k= *10-23 Jk -1 Inolation= 800W/M 2 Effect of Maximum Power Point TrackerTechnique on the performance of cuk converter for PV Sytem Fig. 8 Solar PV Module Simulink Model Fig. 9 Output Voltage, Current and Power Curve of PV Panel 519

5 Fig.10 Cuk Converter Simulink Model Fig.11 Output Current and Voltage Curve of Cuk Converter Table -1 Output Value for PV Panel Output Voltage Output Current Output Power 28.3 V 2.84 V W Table -2 Theoretical Value and Simulation Value of Cuk Converter Converter Analyi TheoreticalValue SimulationValue PercentageDifference Cuk V in V out 18 V 18 V 0 % -14 V V 28 % Table -3Comparion Output Value Between Perturb & Oberve and Incremental Conductance in CUK Converter Algorithm V in (V) I in (A) V out (V) I out (A) P&O IC Calculated theoretical reult and imulation reult can be oberved that the28% difference between theoretical value and experimental value, it can be alo een from the imulation output. All three imulation give difference type of curve. Theoretical value calculated from the baic equation of converter. Thi involved the calculation when election of component. Meanwhile the experimental value i from the imulation reult uing MATLAB/imulink environment. In thi comparion how that buck converter will give the bet imulation reult, follow by boot converter and lat i cuk converter. All of thi converter will be ued in comparing two baic algorithm in MPPT. Table-3 how the comparion between Perturb and oberve algorithm and Incremental Conductance algorithm. From the imulation the input voltage from PV panel to the algorithm and the converter give almot the ame value. The input current for thi circuit give big value of current, 2800 A and thi value i ame for both algorithm. Incremental conductance algorithm will give the negative value of current and voltage and thi will caue the poitive power output. 520

6 Fig. 12 Perturb and Oberve Algorithm Simulink Model Fig. 13 Perturb and Oberve Algorithm Simulink Model for Subytem Fig. 14Incremental Conductance Algorithm Simulink Model Fig. 15 Incremental Conductance Algorithm Simulink Model for Subytem 521

7 - 1 L C1 L1 Continuou powergui + i + - CM 3 Scope 2 25 Contant Subytem1 T Controlled Current Source + v - VM 1 IGBT g E C Diode C + v - VM 2 Scope 1 Product 1 Scope 5 S I 400 Uout Contant 1 V I D MPPT Scope 3 Product Fig. 17 Cuk Converter Simulation with Perturb & Oberve Algorithm and Incremental Conductance Algorithm Fig. 18Output Current and Voltage Curve of Cuk Converter with Perturb and OberveAlgorithm Fig. 19 Output Current and Voltage Curve of Cuk Converter with Incremental Conductance Algorithm 522

8 CONCLUSIONS The propoed work ha preented a comparion of two mot popular MPPT algorithm, Perturb and Oberve algorithm with Incremental Conductance algorithm. One imple olar panel that ha tandard value of inolation and temperature ha been included in the imulation circuit. From all the cae, the bet algorithm for MPPT i incremental conductance algorithm. Thi algorithm give a better output value for cuk converter. Hence thi algorithm will give different kind of curve for the entire converter. Conidering the effect of olar irradiance and temperature change, the output current and voltage of PV module are imulated and optimized uing thi model. A perturb and oberve algorithm and incremental conductance algorithm baed maximum power point tracker i alo developed uing the preented model in Matlab/Simulink. It can uccefully track the maximum power point more accurately and quicker than other conventional method baed controller in thee ituation. EFEENCES [1] Juan David Batida-odriguez, Edinon Franco, Giovanni Petrone, Carlo André amo-paja and Giovanni Spagnuolo, Maximum Power Point Tracking Architecture for Photovoltaic Sytem in Mimatching Condition: A eview, IET Power Electronic,2014, 7(6), [2] JP am, TS Babu, N ajaekar, A Comprehenive eview on Solar PV Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique, enewable and Sutainable Energy eview, 2017, 67, [3] Shongwe Samkelio and Moin Hanif, Comparative Analyi of Different Single-Diode PV Modeling Method, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaic, (3), [4] N ajaekar, KK Neeraja and Venugopalan, Bacterial Foraging Algorithm baed Solar PV Parameter Etimation, Solar Energy,2013,97, [5] Ahmed Koran, Thoma LaBella and Jih-Sheng Lai, High Efficiency Photovoltaic Source Simulator with Fat epone Time for Solar Power Conditioning Sytem Evaluation, IEEE Tranaction On Power Electronic.,2014, 29 (3), [6] Mohammed A Elgendy, Bahar Zahawi and David J Atkinon, Aement of Perturb and Oberve MPPT Algorithm Implementation Technique for PV Pumping Application, IEEE Tranaction on Sutainable Energy.,2011,3 (1), [7] Ahmed K Abdelalam, Ahmed M Maoud, Shehab Ahmed, Praad N Enjeti, High-Performance Adaptive Perturb and Oberve MPPT Technique for Photovoltaic-Baed Microgrid, IEEE Tranaction on Power Electronic,2011, 26(4), [8] Mohammed A Elgendy, Bahar Zahawi and David J Atkinon, Operating Characteritic of the P&O Algorithm at High Perturbation Frequencie for Standalone PV Sytem, IEEE Tranaction on Energy Converion,2015, 30 (1), [9] Azadeh Safari and Saad Mekhilef, Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Incremental Conductance MPPT with Direct Control Method Uing Cuk Converter, IEEE Tranaction on Indutrial Electronic,2011,58 (4), [10] Guan-Chyun Hieh, Hung-I Hieh, Cheng-Yuan Tai, and Chi-Hao Wang, Photovoltaic Power-Increment-Aided Incremental-Conductance MPPT with Two-Phaed Tracking, IEEE Tranaction on Power Electronic,2012, 28 (6), [11] Hadeed Ahmed Sher, Ali Faial Murtaza, Abdullah Noman, Khaled E Addoweeh, Kamal Al-Haddad and Marcello Chiaberge, A New Senorle Hybrid MPPT Algorithm Baed on Fractional Short-Circuit Current Meaurement and P&O MPPT, IEEE Tranaction on Sutainable Energy,2015,6 (4), [12] HL Tei, CS Tu and YJ Su, Development of Generalized Photovoltaic Model Uing Matlab/Simulink, Proceeding of the World Congre on Engineering and Computer Science, San Francico, USA, 2008, [13] Maafumi Miyatake, Mummadi Veerachary, Fuhita Toriumi, Nobuhiko Fujii and Hideyohi Ko, Maximum Power Point Tracking of Multiple Photovoltaic Array: A PSO Approach, IEEE Tranaction on Aeropace and Electronic Sytem, 2011, 47 (1), [14] A Chitra, S oe Mary, Palackal, K Greehma, Viwanathan and Nirupama Nambiar, An Incremental Conductance Baed Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for a Solar Photovoltaic Sytem, International Journal of Applied Engineering eearch, 2013, 19 (8), [15] Amarnath Kurella and Sureh, Simulation of Incremental Conductance MPPT with Direct Control Method uing Cuk Converter, International Journal of eearch in Engineering and Technology, 2013, 2 (9), [16] Bal Mukund Sharma and Kuldeep Sahay, A Comprehenive Survey of Maximum Power Tracker Technique for Photovoltaic Sytem,I-Manager' Journalon Electrical Engineering,2014, 8(1), [17] Bal Mukund Sharma and Kuldeep Sahay, Implementation of Perturb and Oberve (P& O) Method to Track the Maximum Power Point Uing Buck Converter, I-Manager' Journal on Electrical Engineering, 2016, 9 (4),