Different Parameters Variation Analysis of a PV Cell

Transcription

1 Different Parameter Variation Analyi of a PV Cell Md Tofael Ahmed *a,terea Gonçalve b,andre Albino b, Maud Rana Rahel b, Angela Veiga b, Mouhaydine Tlemcani b *a,b Department of Phyic, b Department of Informatic School of Science and Technology Univerity of Évora Évora, Portugal tahmedbu@gmail.com Abtract The paper tate an introduction, decription and implementation of a PV cell under the variation of parameter. Analyi and obervation of a different parameter variation of a PV cell are dicued here. To obtain the model for the purpoe of analyzing an equivalent circuit with the coniting parameter a photo current ource, a erie reitor, a hunt reitor and a diode i ued. The fundamental equation of PV cell i ued to tudy the model and to analyze and bet fit obervation data. The model can be ued in meauring and undertanding the behaviour of photovoltaic cell for certain change in PV cell parameter. A numerical method i ued to analyze the parameter enitivity of the model to achieve the expected reult and to undertand the deviation of change in different parameter ituation at variou condition repectively. The ideal parameter are ued to tudy the model behaviour. It i alo compared the behaviour of current-voltage and power-voltage by comparing with produced maximum power point though it i a challenge to optimize the output with real time imulation. The whole working proce i alo dicued and an experimental work i alo done to get the cloure and inight about the produced model and to decide upon the validity of the dicued model. producing in the olar panel indutrie. The ingle diode olar cell model i an efficient model to analye the different parameter variation of a PV cell and it five external and internal parameter are analyzed uing the ideal value given by the indutry [1]. The conidered external parameter are olar irradiance ( ) r I and cell temperature ( T ). The internal R, hunt reitance ( R ) parameter are erie reitance ( ) and diode revere aturation current ( ) PV Cell Model I. In a PV cell there i an equivalent circuit what i conit of a diode, a erie reitor, a current ource and a hunt reitance [2]. h Keyword PV cell; model; behaviour; method; variation I. INTRODUCTION The world i moving toward renewable energy ource like olar energy, wind power, hydro power, bio ga etc due to the environmental pollution and global warming problem. The main reaon for global warming i the common procee that are uing for producing energy in the energy indutrie becaue it ha a very huge amount of watage and thu it create environmental pollution and global warming. The renewably energy indutrie are environment friendly a it create very low watage which i ignorable. Among renewable energy, ue of olar energy i becoming very popular day by day due to the low watage and the availability of the unlight in the earth. Photovoltaic cell (PV cell) i the main component for producing olar energy in the olar photovoltaic ytem. It convert unlight directly into electricity without making any harm to our environment. Among all the renewable energy olution olar energy i the fatet growing indutry. Still, olar panel are not very efficient and reearcher all around the world are trying to improve their efficiency and different type of olar panel are Fig. 1. PV equivalent circuit. From the above equivalent circuit we can find the load current of the following equation [2][3][4][5][6]: qv + qr I V + R I I = I I exp 1 (1) ph NKT R h Shockley diode equation i: qv + qr = exp I Id I 1 NKT And, the current acro the hunt reitor i: V + R = I Ih Rh Simplifying the equation we have, (2) (3)

2 I = Iph Id I h (4) W. Maximum power output goe at the end watt to watt a the effect of change of radiation. By putting the value of (2) and (3) at (4) we get, qv + qr + = exp I R 1 I I Iph I NKT Rh So, it i the equation of load current ( I ) of a photovoltaic cell. From (1) we have, V (5) qv + qr = exp I R 1 I I Iph I NKT Rh Rh V (6) By calculating we have, R = h I V qv I 1 exp + I Rh Rh I NKT ph (7) Fig. 2. I-V curve for different olar irradiance. Here, it i conidered a the analytical olution of the fundamental equation for the load current (I) under certain ( = 0) R condition [3]. We cannot find directly analytical olution of the equation (1) o we conidered the numerical olution in here [7]. Among all of the numerical method we worked with Biection Method. II. EFFECT OF PARAMETERS VARIATION Fig. 3. P-V curve for different olar irradiance. (a) Solar Irradiance Variation Effect TABLE I. DIFFERENT SOLAR IRRADIANCE (Ir) Solar Irradiance (Ir) 500,1000,2000 w/m 2 (b) Effect of varying Cell Temperature 3 T T E ( ) exp g I = 1 T I T nom T NV nom t (8) With the increae of olar radiation there i increae of current-voltage (I-V) curve and it maximum point alo [3],[4]. If we ee the variation from 500 Wm -2 to 1000 Wm -2 then we find I c increae 1.85 A and V oc increae 0.01 V. And, from 1000 Wm -2 to 2000 Wm -2, I c increae 4.3 A and V oc increae V. The impact on the power-voltage curve i that while there i increae of olar radiation there i increae of P-V curve and maximum power output alo. Here, with the variation from 500 Wm -2 to 1000 Wm -2, V oc increae 0.01 V and P increae 1.39 W. And, from 1000 Wm -2 to 2000 Wm -2, V oc increae V, P increae TABLE II. DIFFERENT CELL TEMPERATURE (T) Temperature (T) 20,40,60 ºC If we increae the cell temperature then there i increae of hort circuit current (Ic) and decreae in open circuit voltage (Voc)[5].

3 Fig. 4. I-V curve for different temperature. Fig. 6. I-V curve for different Serie Reitance[4]. Fig. 5. P-V curve for different temperature. From K to K, I c increae 0.01 A and V oc decreae V. From K to K, I c increae 0.01 A and V oc decreae 0.03 V. There i decreae in open circuit voltage (V oc ) if we increae cell temperature and there i increae in open circuit voltage if we decreae cell temperature. From K to K, Voc decreae V and P decreae W. From K to K, Voc decreae 0.03 V and P decreae W. Increae in temperature cell efficiency drop alo. (c) Effect of varying Serie Reitance (R) TABLE III. DIFFERENT SERIES RESISTANCE (R) Serie Reitor (R) 1,4,6 Milliohm Fig. 7. P-V curve for different Serie Reitance. Though erie reitance in a PV circuit i very low but there i le effect of it variation. After oberving with the change from 1 Milliohm, 4 Milliohm to 6 Milliohm it i found that the hort circuit current change lightly and open current voltage remain ame. There i decreae in current-voltage curve with the increae of erie reitance. With the increae of erie reitance there i decreae in power-voltage (P-V) curve reulting the change in maximum power point. With the decreae of erie reitance there i increae in I-V and P-V curve with increae in maximum power point. MPPT (Maximum Power Point) trongly depend on erie reitance. (d) Effect of varying Shunt Reitance (Rh) The equation for a olar cell in preence of the hunt reitor (Rh) i:

4 ( V + R I ) Rh = qv + q exp R I I ph I 1I NKT (9) it increae maximum power output alo. But the infinity value for hunt give the bet output. With the decreae of hunt reitance power output alo decreae [8]. Shunt reitance ha great impact on current-voltage curve. With the increae of hunt reitance, current-voltage (I-V) increae becaue while hunt reitance increae hort circuit current remain almot ame but open circuit voltage increae. It increae fill factor alo. But the infinity value for hunt give the bet output[4]. TABLE IV. DIFFERENT SHUNT RESISTANCE (Rh) Shunt Reitor (Rh) 10, 50, 1000 Ohm (e) Effect of varying Diode Revere Saturation Current (I): TABLE IV. DIFFERENT REVERSE SATURATION CURRENT (I). Saturation Current (I) 1,20,100 na In a current-voltage curve (I-V) with the increae of diode revere aturation current (I) open circuit voltage (Voc) decreae and hort circuit current (Ic) remain ame. From 1 na to 20 na, open circuit voltage increae (Voc) 0.53 V to 0.58 V. From 20 na to 100 na, open circuit voltage increae (Voc) 0.58 V to 0.67 V [9]. Fig. 8. I-V curve for different Shunt Reitance. Fig. 10. I-V curve for different Revere Saturation Current. Fig. 9. P-V curve for different Shunt Reitance. Shunt reitance mut be good enough to obtain the maximum power output of a PV cell. Shunt reitance i ued to meaure high current and it i connected in parallelly. With the increae of hunt reitance power-voltage (P-V) increae and Fig. 11. P-V curve for different Revere Saturation Current.

5 III. CONCLUSION Thi paper i baed on a MATLAB/SIMULINK imulation by uing the fundamental circuit equation of a olar photovoltaic cell. We have een that the imulation enabled the characterization of the olar photovoltaic cell by uing different parameter and it how the great effect of the parameter variation [4]. The change for current, voltage and power with the maximum power point (MPPT) output are repreented in the figure. From the developed work and a expected it i poible to conclude that the PV cell preent different behaviour depending on the internal and external parameter. It i very unpredictable and unimaginable about what may happen for a light change of a parameter and it i not poible to know without oberving the current-voltage and power-voltage curve of a PV cell though all the reult are dicued in detail at the lat ection of all the part of parameter. [7] M.U. Siddiqui, M. Abido, Parameter etimation for fiveand even parameter photovoltaic electrical model uing evolutionary algorithm, Elevier, 7 July [8] Md Tofael Ahmed, Mouhaydine Tlemcani. Analyi of Five Parameter model of Photovoltaic cell, INCORE [9] T. Gonçalve, Md T. Ahmed, M. R. Rahel, M. Tlemcani, Conception and Characterization of Photovoltaic Cell, G-LINK IV. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thi work i upported by the Eramu Mundu project FUSION and LEADER. V. REFERRENCES [1] Tarak Salmi, Mounir Bouzguenda, Adel Gatli and Ahmed Mamoudi, MATLAB/Simulink Modelling of Solar Photovoltaic Cell, Int. J. of Ren. En. R., vol.2, No.2, [2] R. Chenni, M. Makhlouf, T. Kerbache, A. Bouzid, A detailed method for photovoltaic cell, Elevier, Energy 32 (2007) , 10 December [3] Dezo Sera. Real-time Modelling, Diagnotic and Optimied MPPT for Reidential PV ytem, CA: Aalborg Univerity, January [4] Ahmad A. EL TAYYAN, A imple method to extract the parameter of the ingle-diode model of a PV ytem, Turk J. of Phy (2013) 37: , 20 March [5] G. Farivar, Behzad Aaei, Photovoltaic Module Single Diode Model Parameter Extraction Baed on Manufacturer Dataheet Parameter, IEEE, Int. Con. On P. and En. (PECon2010), Nov 29- Dec 1, 2010, Kulala Lumpur, Malayia. [6] Adel A. Elbaet, H. Ali, M. Abd-El Sattar, Novel evelparameter model for photovoltaic module, Elevier, Solar Energy Material & Solar Cell 130 (2014) , 10 July 2014.