A Multi-Machine Power System Stabilizer Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
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1 A Multi-Machine Power Sytem Stabilizer Uing Fuzzy Logic Controller Dr. A. Taifour Ali, 2 Dr. Eia Bahier M Tayeb, 3 M. Kawthar A. Adam,2 College of Engineering; Sudan Univerity of Science & Technology; SUDAN Abtract: In thi paper a fuzzy logic controller a power ytem tabilizer for tability enhancement of a multi-machine power ytem i preented. Power ytem tabilizer (PSS) are added to excitation ytem or control loop of the generating unit to enhance the damping during low frequency ocillation. In order to accomplih the tability enhancement, peed deviation ( ) and acceleration ( ) of the rotor of ynchronou generator were taken a the input to the fuzzy logic controller. Thee variable produce ignificant effect on damping of the generator haft mechanical ocillation. The imulation were teted under different operating condition and the repone of tabilizing ignal were computed. The performance when compared with the conventional PID controller the reult of fuzzy controller are quite encouraging and atifactory. Keyword: adaptive controller, fuzzy logic, PID tabilizer, ynchronou generator. I. Introduction Fuzzy logic control ha emerged a a powerful tool and it tart to be ued in variou power ytem application. The application of fuzzy logic control technique appear to be mot uitable one whenever a well-defined control objective cannot pecified, the ytem to be controlled i a complex, or it exact mathematical model i not available [-3]. Mot power ytem tabilizer are ued in electric power ytem to employ the claical linear control theory approach baed on a linear model of a fixed configuration of the power ytem. Such a fixed-parameter PSS, called a conventional Power Sytem Stabilizer (CPSS). [4, 5] Low -frequency ocillation are a common problem in large power ytem. A power ytem tabilizer (PSS) can provide a upplementary control ignal to the excitation ytem and/or the peed governor ytem of the electric generating unit to damp thee ocillation [6]. Mot (PSS) i ued in electrical power ytem employing the claical linear control theory approach baed on a linear model of affixed configuration of power ytem. Such affixed parameter PSS, i alo called conventional PSS. It i widely ued in power ytem and ha made a great contribution in enhancing power ytem dynamic. The parameter of CPSS are determined baed on a lineazed model of power ytem around a nominal operating point. Becaue power ytem are highly nonlinear ytem, with configuration and parameter that change with time, the (CPSS) deign baed on the linearized model of the power ytem cannot guarantee it performance in a practical operating environment [7-9]. Thi paper preent power ytem tabilizer with an adaptive PID fuzzy controller for different operating condition of the power ytem. Variou imulation have been performed for multi-machine power ytem. II. Model of A proce-synchronou Generator The ytem conit of ynchronou generator, turbine, governor, and tie-line mode. The power flow over the tranmiion line will appear a a poitive load to one area and equal but negative load to the other, or vice vera, depending on the direction of power flow. A block diagram repreent thi interconnection can be hown a in figure the tie-power flow wa defined a going from area to area2 [0,]. In (online) October 202 Page 28
2 In figure Pm i deviation of mechanical power, P i non frequency enitivity, m=2h where H i inertia contant, D i load of machine, Ptie i tie power deviation, /R i net gain. The model of the ytem i built in the Matlab/Simulink oftware uite a hown in figure 2. Electric power i generated by converting mechanical energy into electrical. The rotor ma which contain turbine and generator unit, tored kinetic energy account for udden increae in the load. Neglecting the rotation loe, a generator unit i aid to be operating in the teadyate at a contant peed when the difference between electrical torque and mechanical torque i zero [8]. III. Power Sytem Stabilizer Power ytem tabilizer i control device that ued to enhance damping of power ytem ocillation in order to extend power tranfer limit of the ytem and maintain reliable operation of the grid. It can be proved that a voltage regulator in the forward path of the exciter generator ytem will introduce a damping torque and under heavy loading condition thi damping torque become negative. Thi i a ituation where dynamic intability may caue concern. Further, it ha been alo pointed out that in the forward path of excitation control loop, the three time contant introduce a large phae at low frequencie jut above the natural frequency of the excitation ytem. To overcome thi effect and improve damping compenating network called power ytem tabilizer (PSS) can be introduced. The baic tructure of the conventional power ytem tabilizer i hown in figure 3 [8]. W 2 Figure 3: Conventional Power Sytem Stabilizer. The control equation i given by: SKTW ( ST )( ST3 ) Output (PSS)=. Input () ( ST )( ST )( ST ) 4 Where; K : Power Sytem Stabilizer gain. T w : wahout time contant. T,T 2,T 3,T 4 :Time contant elected to provide a phae lead for the input ignal in the range of frequencie of interet. IV. Fuzzy Logic Controller In lat decade, fuzzy logic controller (FLC) ha being ued a PSS, have been developed and teted [2, 3]. A hown in figure 4, there are pecific component characteritic of fuzzy controller to upport a deign procedure-proceing block. In the block diagram in Figure 4 the controller i between a preproceing block and a pot-proceing [4]. In (online) October 202 Page 29
3 Figure 4: Fuzzy controller tructure The peed deviation ( ) and acceleration ( ) of the rotor of ynchronou generator were taken a the input to the fuzzy logic controller. The main part of FLC i the rule bae and the inference machine, the rule bae i normally expreed in aet of fuzzy linguitic rule, with each rule triggered with varying belief for upport. The complete et of control rule i hown in table. Table : Fuzzy Rule. Figure 5: Simulink model of multi-machine power ytem uing PID Controller. The Simulink model hown in figure (5) how multi-machine power ytem controlled with PSS. Frequency deviation repone of multi- machine uing conventional PSS i hown in figure (6). Figure (7) how the ynchronou machine controlled with fuzzy PD+I controller imulated in Matlab/Simulink oftware. Frequency deviation repone of multi- machine uing fuzzy controller i hown in figure (8). In (online) October 202 Page 30
4 Figure 6: Frequency deviation repone of multi machine uing PID Controller GU Fuzzy Logic GE delta W Controller 2.8 du/dt 20.8 GCE 0.5 GIE ACE B /R 20 Step delta Pl 0.2+ Governor 0.5+ Turbin Genarator&Load delta P GU2 Fuzzy Logic Controller GE2 4 GCE2 du/dt 0.3+ Governor Turbin Genarator &Load2 ACE2 0.4 /R2 6 GIE2 6.9 B2 Figure 7: Simulink model of multi- machine power ytem uing FPD+I controller. Figure 8: Frequency deviation repone of multi- machine uing fuzzy controller. In (online) October 202 Page 3
5 Concolution Thi paper he fuzzy controller ha an excellent repone with mall ocillation, while the PID controller repone how ripple and ome ocillation before reaching the teady-tate operating point. It wa hown that an excellent performance of the fuzzy controller in contrat to the conventional one i the control loop of the generating unit of power ytem achieved. Reference [] M.L. Kothari, Ravi Segal, Bhuhan K. Ghodki. Adaptive conventional power ytem tabilizer baed on artificial neural network Power Electronic, Derive and Energy Sytem, vol.2, Jan 996, pp [2] EL-Haway Mohamed E. Electric power, Application of fuzzy ytem 988. [3] Haan M. A. M., Malik O. P., and Hope G. S., A Fuzzy Logic Baed Stabilizer for Synchronou Machine, IEEE Tranaction on Energy converion vol. 6, No [4] P. Hoang, K. Tomovic Deign and Analyi an Adaptive Fuzzy Power Sytem Stabilizer IEEE Tranaction on Energy Converion vol. No. 2 June 996. [5] S. Ghodratollah Seifoadat, Morteza Razzaz, Mahmood Moghaddian, Mehdi monadi. Harmonic Etimation in Power Sytem uing Adaptive Perceptron Baed a Genetic Algorithm WSEAS Tranaction on power ytem, volume 2, November [6] Rigato, G.; Siano, P. Deign of Robut Electric Power Sytem Stabilizer uing Kharitonov Theorem Math. Comput. Simul. 82(20), No., 8-9. [7] ANDERSON P.M. and FOUAD A.A Power Sytem Control and Stability Lowa tate Univerity pre Ame, Iowa, 999. [8] Parbha Kundur, power Sytem Stability and control Mc Graw-Hill,(994). [9] Rupal V. Patel, H. A. Mehta and Axay Mehta Novel Approach for Deigning A Power Sytem Stabilizer National Conference on Recent Trend in Engineering & Technology, May 20. [0] Hadi Saadat, power ytem analyi 2-ed edition Mc Graw-Hill companie, (2004). [] Allen J. wood, and Bruce F. Wollenberg Power generation operation and Control 2-ed edition John Wiley &Sone, Inc (996). [2] Kvaov D., Menniti D., Pinnarelli A., Sergeyev Y., Sorrentino N., Tuning fuzzy power-ytem tabilizer in multimachine ytem by global optimization algorithm baed on efficient domain partition. Electr. Power Syt. Re., 78 (2008) No. 7, [3] Talaat H.E.A., Abdennour A., Al-Sulaiman A.A., Deign and experimental invetigation of a decentralized GAoptimized neuro-fuzzy power ytem tabilizer. Int. J. Elect. Power Energy Syt., 32 (200) No. 7, [4] Jan Jantzen, Deign of Fuzzy Controller Technical Univerity of Denmark, technical report No.98-H87,(998). In (online) October 202 Page 32
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