B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC (Examination at the end of Final Year) ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG.

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1 (DEC 411) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC (Examination at the end of Final Year) ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG. Paper - I : Industrial Management Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 75 Answer any five questions All questions carry equal marks 1) Give an account of functions of management. 2) Describe the features of Joint Stock Company. 3) Explain the annual equivalent method of economic evaluation. 4) Discuss different kinds of depreciation. 5) Bring out the significance of value analysis. 6) What are the uses of control charts? 7) State the methods of procurement of materials. 8) Elucidate the merits of advertising. 9) Enumerate the methods of Job analysis. 10) Explain the features of production systems.

2 (DEC 412) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC (Examination at the end of Final Year) ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS Paper - II : Satellite Communication Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 75 Answer Question No.1 is compulsory (15) Answer one question from each unit (4 15 = 60) 1) a) Define the terms space and satellite. b) Define orbit plane and Polar plane. c) What do you mean by Eccentricity and Axes? d) What is meant by PathLoss? e) Define Rain Fading. f) Define Noise figure g) What do you mean by back off in multiple access systems? h) Define in-orbit tests of a Satellite. UNIT - I 2) a) What are the advantages of Geosynchronous satellites? b) State and explain Kepler s Laws. 3) a) What are the different types of satellite orbits? Discuss their merits and demerits. b) Write short notes on Orbital perturbation.

3 UNIT - II 4) a) Explain the necessity of T,T and C system in a satellite. b) With neat figure give the features of TDMA. 5) a) Write about CDMA encoder and decoder. b) What are the specifications of Spacecraft antennas. UNIT - III 6) a) Derive an expression for system Noise temperature. b) Write short notes on small earth station antennas. 7) a) Discuss the satellite Broadcasting methods. b) Derive an expression for Design of uplink and downlink models. UNIT - IV 8) a) Write the features of DSSS with CBPSK. b) Explain slow frequency hopping. 9) a) Explain the method of acquision and tracking. b) Write a short notes on probability of error.

4 (DEC 413) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC (Examination at the end of Final Year) ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG. Paper - III : Microwave Engineering Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 75 Answer Question No.1 is compulsory (15) Answer one questions from each unit (4 15 = 60) 1) a) Write down the principle of current modulation in Two Cavity Klystron. b) List out the major differences between TWT and Reflex Klystron. c) List out the applications of Magic Tee. d) What is the main difference between Rectangular waveguide and Circular waveguide? e) Which is the dominant mode in circular waveguide? f) Draw I-V characteristics of Tunnel diode. g) Calculate the operating frequency of silicon READ diode with drift I region length 2.75µm. h) List out the specifications of pins of Reflex Klystron power supply. i) Explain the use of PIN diode in the microwave bench. UNIT - I 2) a) Explain in detail (quantitative and qualitative) velocity modulation process in Two Cavity Klystron. b) A reflex Klystron operates under the following conditions: V 0 = 600V, R sh = 15kΩ, L = 1mm, f r = 9GHz. Find i) value of repeller voltage

5 ii) direct current necessary to give a micro gap voltage of 200V iii) electron efficiency for the condition given in iv)? 3) a) Draw the schematic of cylindrical magnetron? Derive the hull cutoff magnetic equation and hull cutoff voltage equation. b) A linear magnetron has the following operation properties: V 0 = 15kV, I 0 = 1.2A, f = 8GHz, B 0 = 0.015Wb/m 2, h = 2.77cm, d = 5cm? Calculate i) the electron velocity at the hub surface ii) iii) the phase velocity for synchronism the hartee anode voltage. UNIT - II 4) a) Explain the operation of directional coupler with neat schematic. b) Draw the schematic and explain the operation of microwave circulator. 5) a) Derive the expressions of phase velocity and wave impedance for TEM modes in circular wave guide with relevant coordinate system. b) An air filled wave guide with a cross section 2 1 cm transports energy in TE 10 mode at the rate of 0.5hp. The impressed frequency is 30 GHz. What is the peak value of the electric field occurring in the guide. UNIT - III 6) a) Write down the physical description and avalanche multiplication of READ diode. b) Draw and explain physical structure of varacter diode. 7) a) Explain about the criteria for classification of modes of operation. Define different modes of operation of GUNN diode.

6 b) An IMPATT diode has the following properties: V d = cm/s, L=6µm, V omax = 100V I omax = 200mA, η = 15%, V bd = 90V. Calculate i) the max CW power in watts ii) iii) the resonant frequency in GHz drift time UNIT - IV 8) a) Draw and explain about each block in the block diagram of microwave bench setup using reflex Klystron for VSWR measurement of horm antenna. b) Explain in detail about the power setup using GUNN power supply. 9) a) Draw and explain about each block the block diagram of microwave bench setup using GUNN diode to calculate directivity of directional coupler. b) Explain the use of isolator and fan in reflex Klystron microwave bench.

7 (DEC 414) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC Final Year ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS Engg. Paper - IV : Antennas and Propagation Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 75 Answer Question No.1 is compulsory (15) Answer ONE question from each unit (4 15 = 60) 1) a) Define Radiation pattern, sketch and indicate the lobes in linear plot of Radiation pattern? b) Define critical frequency and obtain expression of critical frequency in terms of Maximum electron density N man? c) Obtain the relationship among critical frequency Maximum usable frequency and skip distance? d) What is the purpose of top loading the antenna? e) Find the value of Radiation Resistance of wire dipole in free space? f) What type of antennas are preferred for Radars? g) Draw the radiation pattern of loopantenna? h) Which antenna is preferred for satellite tracking? i) What is the major disadvantage of Microstrip antenna? j) Define Antenna efficiency and obtain expression of Antenna efficiency?

8 UNIT - I 2) a) Derive the expression for Maximum effective aperture of a Halfwave antenna? b) An antenna has a radiation Resistance of 72Ω, a loss resistance of 8Ω and a power gain of 12dB. Determine antenna efficiency and its directivity. 3) a) Derive the relationship between Maximum Aperture and Directivity? b) In a Microwave communication link, two identical antennas operating at 10GHz are used with power gain of 40dB.If the transities power is 1W, find the received power, if the range of the link is 30km? UNIT - II 4) a) Explain about arrays of two point sources with equal amplitude and phase, sketch its field pattern? i) Derive is Maximum direction ii) iii) Minimum direction and Half power point directions? b) Explain principle of multiplication of pattern with relevant diagrams? 5) a) Explain about Binomical arrays along with Radiation patterns. b) Explain the effect of earth on vertical patterns? UNIT - III 6) a) Explain indetail about V antenna along with Radiation patterns? b) Explain about cassergain feed system of reflectors? 7) a) Draw & explain constructional details of Helical antenna along with its Radiation patterns? b) Draw and explain in brief about conical horn antenna.

9 UNIT - IV 8) a) Explain the concept of Duct propogain in detail along with neat sketches? b) Explain about variation of field strength with height in space wave propogation? 9) a) Explain in detail about Refraction and Reflection of sky wave by Ionosphere with neat sketches? b) Explain concept of Radio Horizon?

10 (DEC 415) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC ( Examination at the end of Final Year) ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS ENGG. Paper - V : VLSI Design Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 75 Question No.1 is compulsory (15) Answer ONE question from each unit (4 15 = 60) 1) a) What is meant by threshold voltage. b) What is pull up to pull down ratio. c) Define sheet resistance. d) Draw the stick diagram for CMOS Inverter. e) Differentiate between PLA and PLD. f) What is meant by ASIC? g) Write about Libraries in VHDL. UNIT - I 2) a) With suitable diagrams explain about BICMOS fabrication procedure in an n well process. b) Explain the following terms: i) Transconductance. ii) Figure of merit. 3) a) Explain in what way PMOS fabrication is different from nmos fabrication. b) Derive the pull up to pull down ratio of NMOS transistor driven by another nmos transistor.

11 UNIT - II 4) a) Implement the following logic function using CMOS logic Y = {A, B, C, D}.And draw its stick diagram layout. Mention the rules for stick diagram. b) Write about λ - based design rules. 5) a) Draw the circuit diagram (nmos) and stick diagram (nmos) for 2 input NAND gate. b) What are the different Scaling models are used and explain the Scaling factors device parameters. UNIT - III 6) a) Explain the following different forms of CMOS logic. i) Pseudo nmos logic. ii) Dynamic CMOS logic. b) Explain the structural design of a Four line Gray code to Binary code converter. 7) a) Explain the principle of multiplication in Booth multiplier. b) Explain about design of an ALU subsystem. UNIT - IV 8) a) What is meant by standard cell? Explain how the layout is prepared with the help of standard cells. b) Describe the steps involved in digital design using VHDL. 9) a) Discuss various data types and subtypes in VHDL. b) Explain about functions and procedures with example.

12 (DEC 416 A) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC Final Year ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS ENGG. Paper - VI : Computer Networks Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 75 Answer Question No.1 is compulsory (15) Answer ONE question from each unit (4 15 = 60) 1) a) Write Similarities and differences between OSI and JCP/IP reference models. b) Write about FAST ETHERNET. c) Write about IP Addressing. d) Write about WWW. e) Explain about Applications of cryptography to security. UNIT - I 2) a) Write any four reasons for using layered protocols. b) Discuss about sliding window protocols. 3) a) Explain about transmission media in detail. b) Explain about error correction and detection methods with examples. UNIT - II 4) a) Explain about any three routing algorithms in detail with necessary diagrams. b) Discuss about wireless LANS. 5) a) Discuss about distance Vector routing algorithm with an example. b) What is the difference between connection oriented and connectionless switching.

13 UNIT - III 6) a) Give the OSPF packet format with discussion. b) What are the RIP limitations. c) Discuss about IP protocol. 7) a) What are the TCP implementation policy options. b) List some major functions of IP. UNIT - IV 8) a) What is cryptanalysis? Briefly discuss about substitution cipher, transposition ciphers and one time pads. b) Explain any one secret key algorithms. 9) Discuss about: a) Public key encryption. b) Digital Signature. c) RSA Algorithm.

14 (DEC 416 B) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC Final Year ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGG. Paper - VI : Speech Processing Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 75 Question No.1 is compulsory (15) Answer one questions from each unit (4 15 = 60) 1) a) Define autocorrelation. b) Define pitch. c) Define frequency domain. d) List the properties of STFT. e) Define quantization. f) Give expression for convolution of two signals. g) What is acoustics of speech. h) Define subband coding. UNIT - I 2) a) Explain anatomy of speech production. b) Discuss the physics of sound. 3) a) Explain uniform tube model for speech production. b) How is pitch period estimation done using autocorrelation.

15 UNIT - II 4) a) Explain correlation based pitch estimator. b) Differentiate Fourier transform and STFT. 5) a) Write short notes on instantaneous quantization. b) Explain how signal estimation is done using STFT. UNIT - III 6) a) Explain Homomorphic systems for convolution. b) Discuss short time speech analysis. 7) Explain spectral root homomorphic filtering. 8) a) Explain error minimization. UNIT - IV b) Discuss any one speaker recognition algorithm. 9) Write explanatory notes on: a) Vector quantization. b) Minimum distance classifier.

16 (DEC 421) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC Fourth Year ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS ENGG. Paper - VII : Radar and Navigational Aids Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 75 Answer Question No.1 is compulsory (15) Answer one questions from each unit (4 15 = 60) 1) a) Mention the parameters used to Measure location of targets. b) Mention the range of frequencies operated by conventional Radars. c) Explain about two kinds of system losses. d) Write down the Air traffic control application of Radar. e) Explain prediction of Range performance. f) What does integration mean in Radars. g) Express Radar equation in terms of average power. h) Explain MTI improvement factor. i) What is a Bistatic Radar. j) Express squint angle. UNIT - I 2) a) Draw the block diagram of CW radar? Explain about each block in detail? b) Explain in detail about the concept of PRF and RF? 3) a) Explain Radar cross section of target (sphere) with help of graph. b) Explain concept of Doppler effect.

17 UNIT - II 4) a) What is non coherant MTI? Draw the block diagram of non coherent MTI & Explain? b) Explain concept of Double concellation. 5) a) Explain sequential lobing? b) Explain about Traversal filter for MTI Radar? UNIT - III 6) a) What is Radome? Explain about Radomes with neat sketches. b) Write down the principle involved in Electronic counter measure? Explain in detail about any one type. 7) a) What is the use of Duplexer? Explain in detail about branch type Duplexer with help of block diagram. b) Discuss about different types of Displays. UNIT - IV 8) a) Write down the salient features of i) OMEGA ii) ILS b) Explain about Automatic Direction finder. 9) a) Explain principle of operation of V & DV. b) Write down the elementary ideas of Hyperbolic Novigational Aids.

18 (DEC 422) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC (Examination at the end of Final Year) ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS Paper - VIII : Optical Communication Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75 Answer Question No.1 Compulsory (15) Answer ONE question from each unit (4 15 = 60) 1) a) What is a splice and connector in a Fiber joint? b) Define acceptance angle? c) Define kerr nonlinearity. d) Explain Material Dispersion. e) Define graded index fiber. f) Estimate the fiber core diameter for a single mode step index fiber which has a MFD of 11.6 µ m when the normalised frequency is 2.2.? g) Calculate the ratio of the stimulated emission rate to the spontaneous emission rate for an incandescent lamp operating at a temperature of l000 K. It may be assumed that the average operating wavelength is 0.5 µ m. h) The radiative and non radiative recombination lifetime of the Minority carriers in the active region of a double hetero junction LED are 60ns and 100ns respectively. Determine the total carrier recombination life time and internal quantum efficiency. i) Define impact ionization. j) Discuss scattering losses in fibers.

19 UNIT - I 2) a) Explain Numerical Aperture of optical fiber and Derive expression for NA for Meridial rays? b) A Silica optical fiber with a core diameter large enough to be considered by ray theory Analysis has a core refractive index of 1.50 and a cladding refractive index of Determine i) the critical angle at the core cladding interface. ii) the NA for the fiber. iii) the acceptance angle in air for the fiber. 3) a) What is step index fiber? Explain in detail about two major types of step index fiber. b) A typical relative refractive index difference for an optical fiber designed for long distance transmission is 1%. Estimate NA and solid acceptance angle in air for the fiber when the core index is Further, calculate the critical angle at the core cladding interface within the fiber. UNIT - II 4) a) Explain in detail about Intermodel dispersion in multimode step index fiber. b) A 6km optical link consists of multimode step index fiber with a core refractive index of 1.5 and a relative refractive index difference of 1% estimate. i) the delay difference between the slowest and fastest modes at the fiber output. ii) the rms pulse broadening due to intermodel dispersion on the link. iii) Maximum bit rate. 5) a) Explain in detail about Mie scattering and Rayleigh scattering. b) A port multimode fiber transmissive star coupler has 1mW of optical power launched into a single input port. The average measured optical power at each output port is 14µw. Calculate the total loss incurred by the star coupler and the average insertion loss through the device.

20 UNIT - III 6) a) Draw the schematic and explain about surface emitter LEDs. b) The quantum efficiency of a particular silicon RAPD is 80% for the detection of radiation at a wavelength of 0.9µm. when the incident optical power is 0.5µ W, the output current from the device is 11 µ A. Determine the Multiplication factor of photodiode under these conditions. 7) a) Explain optical output power of LED with help of plots. b) Draw schematic of PIN diode? Explain its operation and its characteristics. UNIT - IV 8) a) Draw the block diagram of WDM and explain in detail about each block? b) Explain in detail about link power budget and rise time budget. 9) a) Discuss Direct intensity Modulation. b) Explain in brief about different Dispersion losses.

21 (DEC 423) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC (Examination at the end of Final Year) ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS Paper - IX : Mobile and Cellular Communication (Waves) Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75 Answer Question No.1 Compulsory (15) Answer One question from each unit (4 15 = 60) 1) a) What is base station. b) What is MSC. c) What do you mean by forward and Reverse channel. d) What is cell splitting. e) Define EIRP. f) What is fast fading. g) Define Doppler shift. h) What is scattering. UNIT - I 2) a) Discuss various types of wireless services and its requirements. b) Explain the frequency reuse and give its merits. 3) a) Write short notes on channel assignment. b) Explain handoff strategies. UNIT II 4) a) List the types of small scale fading. b) Explain the role of Non- linear equalizers.

22 5) a) Explain the significance of MLSE. b) Write short notes on Multipath Propagation. UNIT - III 6) a) Give detail description of Base station system. b) Explain IS-95 architecture. 7) a) Explain Network and switching sub system. b) Write short notes on GSM-SMS. UNIT - IV 8) a) Write short notes on Layering structure of CDMA. b) Explain WAP protocol. 9) Write briefly on a) WAP Gateway b) GPRS functional groups.

23 (DEC424A) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC (Examination at the end of Final Year) ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG. Paper - X : Digital Image Processing Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75 Answer Question No.1 Compulsory (15) Answer ONE question from each unit (4 15 = 60) 1) a) What is a pixel. b) Define 4 connectivity. c) What is called Euclidean distance. d) Define Nyquist rate. e) What is quantization. f) What is spatial filtering. g) What is Gray-Level interpolation. h) What is data redundancy. UNIT - I 2) a) Discuss the elements of Visual perception. b) List the components of an image processing system and explain briefly. 3) a) Give basic relationships between pixels. b) Explain Non-linear operations used in DIP.

24 UNIT II 4) a) Draw a neat diagram of histogram processing and equalization. b) Explain various types of image smoothing spatial filters. 5) a) Write the equation for 2D fourier transform and inverse fourier transform. b) What are the effects of Low pass filtering on an image. 6) a) Explain error-free compression. UNIT - III b) Explain how to restore image in the presence of noise. 7) a) Explain Lossy compression techniques. b) Explain Inverse filtering. UNIT - IV 8) a) Explain point detection and line detection. b) Explain the process of edge detection using gradient operators. 9) a) What is thresholding? Explain in detail. b) Explain region based segmentation.

25 (DEC 424B) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOV./DEC (Examination at the end of Final Year) ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG. Paper - X : Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75 Answer Question No.1 Compulsory (15) Answer ONE question from each unit (4 15 = 60) 1) a) Mention addressing modes of 8051 micro controller. b) What are different interrupts exists in micro controller. c) Define serial interface. d) What do you mean by paging? e) Define Mutex. f) Why security is needed for os. g) Define smartcard. UNIT - I 2) a) Explain the necessity of a watch dog timer in an embedded system. b) Draw the complete block diagram of micro controller architecture. Explain the functions of BIU and EU. 3) a) Describe the internal RAM organization of b) Explain briefly the architecture features of micro controller with a block diagram. UNIT - II 4) a) Can we use 12 MHz X 1 tal for 8051 micro controller to implement serial communication what are the draw backs and how to overcome them.

26 b) Discuss about parallel communication standards. Differentiate parallel & serial communication standards. 5) a) Write a program of 8051 to copy the value. 55H into RAM memory location 40H to 45H using i) Direct addressing Mode. ii) Register indirect addressing mode without a loop. iii) With a loop. b) List the steps involved in programming the 8051 to transfer data serially. UNIT - III 6) a) Discuss about the fundamental characteristics of embedded systems. b) Explain the architecture of kunel in a RTOs. 7) How memory management is done by an RTOs? Why memory management not used in embedded systems. UNIT - IV 8) a) Explain the hardware software co-design in and Embedded system with an example of Adaptive cruise control system. b) Discuss about concept of device drivers. 9) a) Explain what is meant by Context Switching and Interrupt Latency in a multitasking model. b) Discuss about Adaptive cruise control system.

(DEC 411) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY (Examination at the end of Final Year) Electronics and Communication Engineering INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT

(DEC 411) B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY 2011. (Examination at the end of Final Year) Electronics and Communication Engineering Time : Three hours INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT Maximum : 75 marks Question No.