Microwave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and

Transcription

1 Microwave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and optics p. 4 Communication systems p. 6 Radar systems p. 13 Radio navigation p. 16 Remote sensing p. 17 Heating and energy transfer p. 19 Control and recording p. 20 Summary p. 21 Electric and magnetic fields Introduction p. 23 The electric field p. 24 Conservation property of electric fields p. 28 Electric potential difference p. 30 Differential form of relation between electric field and potential p. 31 Gauss's law and electric flux density p. 32 Differential form of Gauss's law p. 37 Capacitance p. 38 Conductors and electric fields p. 39 Static magnetic fields p. 40 Ampere's law p. 43 Differential form of Ampere's law p. 44 Inductance p. 45 Problems p. 47 Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic waves Introduction p. 51 Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction p. 51 Continuity of charge and current p. 54 Maxwell's equations p. 55 Maxwell's equations for time harmonic waves p. 57 Maxwell's equations in integral form p. 58 Displacement current density p. 58 The electromagnetic wave equation p. 62 Power in electromagnetic waves and the Poynting vector p. 63 Power flow in a time harmonic electromagnetic wave p. 66 Problems p. 68 Boundary conditions and quasi-static fields Introduction p. 71

2 Boundary conditions between two dielectric media p. 72 Boundary conditions at a perfect conductor p. 75 Quasi-static fields - Laplace's and Poisson's equations p. 76 Analytical solutions to Laplace's equation p. 77 Field mapping techniques p. 80 Numerical solution of Laplace's equation p. 84 Problems p. 89 Plane waves Introduction p. 93 Wave and ray representation of plane waves p. 93 Basic properties of plane waves p. 95 Plane wave equation and its solution p. 97 Travelling waves p. 100 Phase velocity p. 101 Travelling waves in a dielectric p. 101 Index of refraction in general media p. 102 Magnetic field of the plane wave p. 103 Wave impedance in a general media p. 104 The orthogonal electric field solution p. 105 Polarisation of plane waves p. 105 Power flow in a plane wave p. 109 Laser beam as a plane wave p. 110 Velocity of energy travel and group velocity p. 111 Problems p. 113 Reflection and refraction of plane waves Introduction p. 115 Plane waves normally incident on a dielectric p. 116 Standing waves p. 119 Resonant waves p. 123 Reflection and refraction for any angle of incidence p. 124 Total internal reflection p. 129 Brewster angle p. 132 Multiple reflections p. 133 Problems p. 136 Microwaves in free space Introduction p. 139 Radiated power and the role of antennas p. 140 Transmission in communication systems p. 142 Microwave sources and detectors p. 144 Noise p. 147 Satellite communications p. 150

3 Microwave radio links p. 154 Broadcasting and mobile radio p. 157 Radar p. 158 Radio navigation p. 166 Remote sensing and radio astronomy p. 169 Problems p. 171 Microwaves in lossy media Introduction p. 175 Characteristics of plane waves in a conducting medium p. 176 Loss tangent and penetration depth p. 178 Evaluation of the attenuation constant p. 179 Microwave properties of water Plane waves in the atmosphere p. 185 Ground probing radar p. 187 Microwave heating p. 189 Microwave cooking p. 191 Microwave safety levels p. 192 Microwaves and medicine p. 195 Electromagnetic compatibility p. 195 Problems p. 196 Ray optical systems Introduction p. 199 Geometric optics p. 200 Prisms p. 204 Imaging in optical systems p. 207 Mirrors p. 209 Lenses p. 213 Multiple optical components and ray matrices p. 216 Optical sources and detectors p. 218 Optics of the eye p. 222 Incoherent optical systems - cameras, telescopes and microscopes p. 226 LED transmission systems p. 231 Laser transmission systems p. 233 Problems p. 239 Guided waves Introduction p. 243 Principles of guided waves p. 244 Properties of modes in parallel plate waveguide p. 246 Propagation characteristics and cut-off frequency p. 249 Guided waves viewed as two interacting plane waves p. 251 Fields of TEM, TM and TE modes p. 253

4 Guide wavelength p. 254 Phase and group velocity p. 256 Wave impedance p. 257 Attenuation in parallel plate waveguide p. 258 Problems p. 262 Transmission lines Introduction p. 265 Electromagnetic circuit theory p. 266 Relation between field theory and circuit theory p. 266 Infinite uniform transmission line p. 269 Terminated loss-less transmission line p. 272 Special cases for terminated lines p. 275 Matching of a transmission line p. 278 Smith chart p. 281 Loss in transmission lines p. 284 Multiple dielectric layers in free space p. 285 Problems p. 287 Microwave waveguides Introduction p. 291 Coaxial cable p. 292 Microstrip p. 296 Rectangular waveguide p. 299 Circular waveguides p. 307 Other waveguide types p. 311 Waveguide components p. 313 Problems p. 316 Optical waveguides Introduction and potential of optical waveguides p. 319 Principles of dielectric waveguides p. 321 Dielectric slab waveguide p. 323 Optical fibres p. 329 Modes in cylindrical optical waveguide p. 333 Transmission losses in optical fibres 9 p. 336 Coupling power into optical waveguide p. 339 Signal distortion due to dispersion p. 341 Optical waveguide systems p. 344 Problems p. 346 Antennas Introduction p. 349 Purpose of antennas and types p. 349 Basic properties of antennas p. 350

5 Radiation from apertures p. 356 Radiation from small antennas p. 360 Radiation from arrays p. 363 Problems p Bibliography p. 369 Appendix 1 Essential symbols and units p. 373 Appendix 2 Physical and mathematical constants p. 375 Appendix 3 Material constants p. 377 Appendix 4 Useful mathematical relationships p. 379 Index p. 383 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.