CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Transcription

1 COURSE CODE: 124 BS01, BS 02 First week 1st lecture: 1- INTRODUCTION, PROJECT DOCUMENTATION, REQUIREMENTS, METHOD OF BASIC PRINCIPLES TECHNICAL DRAWING IN BUILDING STRUCTURES, AREA COMPONENT DRAWINGS, ORIENTATION OF DRAWINGS, SCALES AND FORMAT OF DRAWINGS. INSTRUCTION AND FACILITIES FOR LETTERING, 1a - PRINCIPLES OF HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PLAN OF PROJECTIONS, VIEWS, LITTED SECTIONS. DISPOSAL SCHEMES OF ONE STOREY BUILDING. 1b - TECHNICAL DRAWING OF FILINGS - WINDOWS AND DOORS, FINISH SURFACES. 1c - TECHNICAL DRAWING OF STRUCTURES IN VERTICAL SECTION - FLOORINGS.

2 ASSESSMENT CONDITIONS: ATTENDANCE AT THE LECTURES, CONTINUOUS CONSULTATION, FINISHED DRAWING WORK OF PROJECT, WRITTEN TEST. LECTURER: MALILA NOORI CONCULTATION HOURS: MONDAY. 5 6 pm; THURSDAY 1 2 pm. ROOM: A730 NOORI@FSV.CVUT.CZ PHONE:

3 RECOMMONDED LITERATURE [1] ČSN VÝKRESY POZEMNÍCH STAVEB [2] BARRY R: THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS I: WALLS, FLOORS, BLACKWELL SCIENCE, 1996 [3] DOSEDĚL A. A KOL.: ČÍTANKA VÝKRESŮ VE STAVEBNICTVÍ, SOBOTÁLES, 2004 [4] ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING AND LIGHT COSTRUCTION, SEVENTH EDITION, MULLER, GRAU, FAUSETT. ISNB [5] TECHNICAL DRAWING EIGHTH EDITION, BY MACMILLAN PUBLISHING COPANY,NEW YORK, LONDON [6] ČSN Výkresy pozemních staveb[2] [7] Doseděl A. a kol.: Čítanka výkresů ve stavebnictví, SOBOTÁLES, 2004 [8] JAN NOVOTNÝ CVIČENÍ Z POZEMNÍCH STAVITELSTVÍ

4 RECOMMONDED LITERATURE [9] Barry R.: The Construction of Building, Volume 1, Oxford BSP, 1991 [10] Barritt C. M. H.: Advanced Building Construction, Vols. 1-4, Longman, [10] Gattermayerova: Lectures Syllabus on web Only in Czech: [12] Hájek P. a kol.: Konstrukce pozemních staveb 1 Nosné konstrukce I, skriptum ČVUT, Praha 2006 Horniaková L. a kol.: Konštrukcie pozemných stavieb 1, SNTL, Praha 1988 [13] NOORI: Lectures Syllabus on web UNDER BS01

5 DRAWING SHEET SIZES Drawing sheet are marked by capital letter A and Arabic figure (0,1,2.). The basic size sheet A0 has dimensions of 841x1189 mm and has an area of 1 m2. (The proportion of the sides is 1 : 2 ) In order to obtain the smaller sheet A1 is the longest side halved and then every time order to obtain in the smeller sheet is the longest side of previous sheet side halved (see Fig. 1). SIZES OF SOME DRAWING SHEETS: A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 841 mm x 1189 mm 594 mm x 841 mm 420 mm x 594 mm 297 mm x 420 mm 210 mm x 297 mm

6 A0 841 mm x 1189 mm A1-594 mm x 841 mm A2-420 mm x 594 mm A3-297 mm x 420 mm A4-210 mm x 297 mm FIG. 1 DRAWING SHEET SIZES

7 841 MM CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES The most popular sheets for civil engineering drawing are A0, A1, A2, A3 and A4, sometimes we use 4A0, 2A0 ect. A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 1189MM 841MM 594MM 420 MM 210 MM 1189 MM FIG. 2. POSITION OF DRAWING SHEETS

8 FIG. 4.SHEETS ARE LAYOUT OF DRAWING

9 TITLE BLOCK (TITLE PANEL) SIMLIFIED TITLE THAT WE WILL USE: 5MM 5MM NAME SURNAME ACADIMIC YEAR 60MM TITLE BLOCK OFDRAWING 100MM SCALE: FOR EXAMPLE 1:50 NUMBER OF DRAWING 40MM IN FACT TITLE BLOCK INCLUDEES MORE INFORMATION FOR EXAMPLE NAME AND ADDRESS OF CIVIL ENGINEERS OFFICE NAME AND SIGNATURES OF ENGINEERS WHO DESIGNED DRAW THE DRAWING, PLAN, AND SECTION ECT. PROMOTORS (CLIENTS) NAME AND ADDRESS, DESCREPTION OF CONSTRUCTION ADDRESS ECT.

10 LAYOUT OF DRAWING ARANGMENTB OF ALL FIGURES, DIMENSIONS AND LETTETRING SHOULD BE PLACED SO AS TO BE EASILY READ EITHER FROM THE BOTTOM OR FROM THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE DRAWING SHEET (SEE FIG. 3). SCALE OF DRAWING FOR STRUCTURES OF BUILDING STRUCTURES WE USE MAINLY THESE SCALES: 1:2000, 1:1000, 1:500.FOR LAYOUT PLANS 1:500, 1:200, FOR SKETCHES OF STRUCTURES 1:100, 1:50,...FOR PLANS, SECTIONS AND ELEVATIONS, VIEWS 1:20, 1:10, AND 1:5, 1:2, 1:1.FOR DETAILS OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS. IN TECHNICAL DRAWING IT IS NESASARY TO USE SCALE!! IF THERE ARE USED TWO SCALES ON ONE SHEET OF PAPER SEE FIG. 4

11 A3 = 420 x 297 MM DETAIEL A DETAIEL B SCALE: 1:2 SCALE: 1:5 NAME SURNAME ACADIMIC YEAR 60MM TITLE BLOCKOFDRAWING 100MM SCALE: FOR EXAMPLE 1:50 NUMBER OF DRAWING 40MM FIG. 4 SCALES

12 TYPES OF LINES AND THERE THICKNESSES BY THICKNESSES WE DEVIDE LINES TO THREE GROUPS: THEY ARER DEFINED (DRAWING INK OR BY SOFTWERE AUTOCAD BY CHOSING THE SIZE OF PENS BEFORE PRINTING) THIN THICK VERY THICK NOTE: CHOICE OF GROUPE DEPENDS ON SCALE, FOR EXAMPLE FORDETAILS IN SCALE 1:1 OR 1:2 WE USE THE 3TH GROUPE.

13 BASIC TYPE OF LINES AND THERE APPLICATION CONDITIONS OF THICKNEES THIN, THICK AND FULL THICK LINES 1:2:4 NAME TYPE OF LINES AND THERE APLICATION FULL SOLID THIN LINE. THICK FULL THICK USE OF LINES -VISIBLE LINES AND OUTLINES, - SEPERATION OF MATERIAL BOUNDARY BETWEEN EXPERESSION - OULINES OF CROSS SECTION. -LINING OF STARTING DRAWING. - OULINES OF STRUCTURES IN SECTION - EXTERNAL -OULINES OF FOUNDATIONS IN BASE OF FOUNDATION IN FOOTING OUTLINE CONSTRUCTION, WHICH CROSS ABOVE SECTION PLAN AND OUTLINE OF FOUNDATION TAB. 1

14 DASHED LINE THIN - HIDDEN EDGES AND OUTLINES, THICK - HIDDEN OUTLINES OF FOUNDATIONS AND CHANGESOF BOTTOM LEVEL OF FOUNDATIONS FULL THICK OUTLINE OF FOUNDATION DILATATIN GAPS TAB. 1

15 DASH AND DOT LINE (CHAIN LINE) THIN - AXIS OF SIMMETRY, - AXIS OF BEAMS, MODULAR LINES. THICK INDICATION OF CUTING PLAN IN PLAN FULL THICK SLABING DOT LINE WITH DOUBLE DOTS LINES THIN BONDARY OF FLOOR SURFACES IN PLAN THICK SKREENING OF OUTLINES ON THE CUTTING OF PLANE TAB. 1

16 NOTE: LENGTH DASHES AND BLANKS MUST BE EQUAL. BLANK BETWEEN TWO LINES OR DASHES OR DASH AND DOT FOR THICKNEESES OF LINES: T= 0.35 IS MINIMUM 4T T=0.50 IS MINIMUM 2T.(LENGTH OF DASH IS 3 (4)MM. 3. BLANK BETWEEN DOTS IF: T= 0.35 IS MINIMUM 2T. T=0.50 IS MINIMUM 2T 4. DASH AND DOT LINES AND DASH AND DOUBLE DOT LINES SHOULD START AND FINISH BY DASH. CROSSING OF LINES SEE FIG. 5

17 FIG. 5 CROSSING OF LINES

18 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PROJECTION BASIC DRAWINGS OF STRUCTURE OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ARE PLAN, SECTION AND ELAVATION (VIEW). PLAN IS: 1 - ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF IMAGINARY HORIZONTAL CUTTING IN PLAN VIEW, 2 - VIEW FROM ABOVE THE STRUCTURE (PLAN OF ROOF STRUCTURE, PLAN OF EXCAVATION ETC.) SEE IN THE NEXT PAGE FIG. 6 AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

19 FIG. 6 AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

20 FIG. 6 AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

21 FIG. 6 AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

22 THE RANGE OF DRAWN FLOOR IS FROM THE TOP OF FLOOR STRUCTURE (F.E. TOP OF SLAB) OF LOWER FLOOR TO THE TOP OF FLOOR STRUCTURE O DRAWN FLOOR (BY GROUND FLOOR FROM THE TOP OF WATERPROOF INSULATION TO THE, BY LAST FLOOR -.TO THE TOP LOAD BEARING ROOF STRUCTURE). THE NUMBER OF PLANS IS USUALLY EQUAL TO NUMBER OF FLOORS AND IMAGINARY HORIZONTAL CUTTING IS ABOUT 1 M ABOVE THE FLOOR. (SOMETIMES IS NECESSARY TO DRAW TWO OR MORE PLANS OF ONE FLOOR F.E. BY CONSTRUCTION OF THEATRE BUILDING). IN ORDER TO DRAW ALL STRUCTURES IS MOSTLY NECESSARY BEND OF IMAGINARY HORIZONTAL CUTTING

23 FIG. 7 BEND OF IMAGINARY CUTTING FOR DRAWING OF PLAN

24 Indication of cutting plane in plan

25 How to draw the plan? CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES - we imagine cutting plane 1 meter above the floor 1 m - we bend the cut to cross all the important parts of the construction (windows, doors, openings etc.)

26 How to draw a plan? edges above cutting plane dash and dot line edges below cutting plane continuos thin line cutting plane going from air to construction continuos thick line

27 3D -> 2D

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29 FOR DRAWING OF PLAN IS IMAGINARY CUTTING DIRECTED: BY VERTICAL WALL WITHOUT OPENING 1 M ABOVE THE FLOOR BY VERTICAL WALL WITH OPENING THROUGH THIS OPENING BY VERTICAL WALL WHICH DOES NOT REACH TO THE CEILING..ALL TIMES ABOVE THE WALL, I.E. THIN SOLID LINE BY VERTICAL WALL WHICH DOES NOT START ON THE FLOOR ALL TIMES UNDER THE WALL, I.E. THIN DASH AND DOT LIEN

30 TYPES OF LIENS USED BY DRAWING OF PLAN: OUTLINES AND EDGES OF STRUCTURES WHICH ARE CUT BY IMAGINARY CUTTING. THICK SOLID LINE BOUNDARY BETWEEN MATERIALS WHICH ARE CUT BY IMAGINARY CUTTING. THIN SOLID LINE OUTLINES AND EDGES OF STRUCTURES WHICH ARE UNDER IMAGINARY CUTTING. THIN SOLID LINE OUTLINES AND EDGES OF STRUCTURES WHICH ARE ABOVE THE IMAGINARY. THIN DASH A DOUBLE DOT LINE OUTLINES AND EDGES OF STRUCTURES, WHICH ARE UNDER THE IMAGINARY CUTTING BUT HIDDEN BY OTHER STRUCTURES. THIN DASHED LINE SECTION = ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF IMAGINARY

31 HORIZONTAL CUTTING IN FRONT OR SIDE VIEW THE NUMBER OF SECTION IS GIVEN BY COORDINATION OF PLAN (IF PLAN IS COMPLICATED WE DRAW MORE SECTION). USUALLY WE DRAW MIN. ONE TRANSVERSAL AND ONE LONGITUDIONAL SECTION. FOR DRAWING OF SECTION IS IMAGINARY CUTTING DIRECTED: IF THERE IS AN OPENING (WINDOW, DOOR) IN THE WALL IMAGINARY CUTTING IS VERY TIME DIRECTED THROUGH IT IMAGINARY CUTTING IS NEVER DIRECTED THROUGHT COLUMNS AND PILLARS IF THERE IS A STAIRCASE IT IS ESSENTIAL TO DIRECT IMAGINARY CUTTING THROUGH FIRST FLIGHT OF STAIRS Arch (curve) girder

32 TYPES OF LINES USED BY DRAWING OF SECTION: OUTLINES AND EDGES OF STRUCTURES WHICH ARE CUT BY IMAGINARY CUTTING. THICK SOLID LINE BOUNDARY BETWEEN MATERIALS WHICH ARE CUT BY IMAGINARY CUTTING. THIN SOLID LINE OUTLINES AND EDGES OF STRUCTURES WHICH ARE UNDER IMAGINARY CUTTING. THIN SOLID LINE OUTLINES AND EDGES OF STRUCTURES, WHICH ARE UNDER THE IMAGINARY CUTTING BUT HIDDEN BY OTHER STRUCTURES. THIN DASHED LINE NOTE: STRUCTURES BEFORE IMAGINARY CUTTING WE DO NOT DRAW!

33 ELEVATION (VIEW) = WHOLE EXTERNAL OF BUILDING ELAVATIONS ARE INDICATED BY CARDINAL POINTS (I.E. SOUTH, WEST ETC.) WHERE THEY ARE EXPOSURED (SOUTH ELEVATION (VIEW) = VIEW FROM SOUTH) OR BY POSITION (FRONT, LEFT SIDE ETC.). TYPES OF LINES USED BY DRAWING OF ELEVATION: OUTLINES AND EDGES OF STRUCTURES (OUTLINE OF BUILDING, WINDOWS, DOORS, ETC.). THIN SOLID LINE NOTE: 1 - INDICATION OF CUTTING (SEE TAB. 1). 1 - LETTERING MUST BE SIMPLE, CLEAR AND EASILY READ.

34 MEANING OF INDICATION SYMBOL OF SECTION METHOD OF INDICATION BENDING OF IMAGINARY CUTING PLANE LETTERING SECTION A Á SCALE 1:50 TAB. 1 INDICATION OF CUTTING IN PLAN

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36 NAME TYPE OF LINES AND THERE APLICATION USE OF LINES FULL SOLID LINE DASHED LINE DASH AND DOT LINE (CHAIN LINE) DOT LINE WITH DOUBLE DOTS LINES THIN. THICK. FULL THICK THIN THICK FULL THICK THIN THICK FULL THICK THIN THICK -VISIBLE LINES AND OUTLINES, - SEPERATION OF MATERIAL BOUNDARY BETWEEN EXPERESSION - OULINES OF CROSS SECTION. -LINING OF STARTING DRAWING. - OULINES OF STRUCTURES IN SECTION - EXTERNAL -OULINES OF FOUNDATIONS IN BASE OF FOUNDATION IN FOOTING OUTLINE CONSTRUCTION, WHICH CROSS ABOVE SECTION PLAN AND OUTLINE OF FOUNDATION - HIDDEN EDGES AND OUTLINES, - HIDDEN OUTLINES OF FOUNDATIONS AND CHANGESOF BOTTOM LEVEL OF FOUNDATIONS OUTLINE OF FOUNDATION DILATATIN GAPS - AXIS OF SIMMETRY, - AXIS OF BEAMS, MODULAR LINES. INDICATION OF CUTING PLAN IN PLAN SLABING BONDARY OF FLOOR SURFACES IN PLAN SKREENING OF OUTLINES ON THE CUTTING OF PLANE

37 1. DIMENSIONING 2. ALL ELEMENTS IN DRAWINGS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES MUST BE DIMENSIONED. 3. FOR TERMINOLOGY OF DIMENSIONING SEE FIG. RECOMMENDED DISTANCE BETWEEN DIMENSION LINES IS ABOUT 7 MM, 4. DISTANCE BETWEEN DIMENSION LINE AND STRUCTURE IS MIN. 7 MM. VALUE OF DIMENSION ARE WRITTEN ABOUT 2 MM ABOVE THE LINE IF THERE IS NOT SPACE WE CAN EXTEND DIMENSION LINE OR WE CAN WRITE VALUE OF DIMENSION UNDER DIMENSION LINE (SEE FIG). 5. VALUE OF DIMENSION IS EXPRESSED WITH PRECISENESS ON MM. 6. DIMENSION OF LENGTH ARE EXPRESSED IN MM. 7. DIMENSION OF LEVELS ARE: 8. IN ABSOLUTE VALUES (HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL) 9. IN RELATIVE VALUES AND THEY ARE EXPRESSED IN M TO THREE PLACES OF DECIMALS.

38 1. RELATIVE VALUE OF LEVEL IS TAKEN TO FIXED LEVEL, WHICH IS CALLED DATUM ( 0,000). 2. BY CZECH RULE THE DATUM EQUALS TO THE TOP OF GROUD FLOOR FINISH THE TOP OF LEVEL OF GROUND FLOOR 3. STRUCTURE WITH FINISH (FLOORING). THE FLOORS ABOVE ARE INDICATED BY SIGN +, THE FLOOR BELLOW BY SIGN FOR GRAPHICAL EXPRESSION OF LEVEL DIMENSIONS SEE FIG OVERALL DIMENSIONS MUST ALWAYS EQUATE TO THE SUM OF THE SECONDARY DIMENSIONS. +3, ,500 IN DRAWING OF PLAN IN DRAWING OF SECTION

39 DIMENSIONING GRAPHICAL EXPRESSION OF BUILDING MATERIALS +10,800 +7,200 +3,600 +0, floor ground floor -3, basemend 02 FIG. 9. INDICATION OF FLOORS 2. basemend

40 FIG. 10 DIMESIONING OF SLOPE

41 FIG. 11 DIMESIONING OF LEVELS

42 FIG. 11 DIMESIONING OF CIRCLE BEND

43 FIG. 12 DIMESIONING OF MODULAR SIZE (GRID LINES)

44 FIG. 13 DIMESIONING OF LEVELS

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47 Height dimensioning in plan in cross section

48 Use of inlet

49 Symbols

50 Recesses and condults

51 Openings

52 Material indication - hatches

53 TAB. 2 GRAPHICAL EXPRESSION OF BUILDING MATERIAL IN DRAWING OF PLAN AND SECTION hatches

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58 Kreslení svislých konstrukcí

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61 FIXTURES IN BATHROOMS AND KITCHENS

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63 TILES IN BATHROOMS AND KITCHENS

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65 TILES IN BATHROOM WITH DIFFERENT SIZE

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70 Structural Systems Materials, Design Process and Elements of Terminology

71 Thank you for your attention

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