Multiview Projection
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1 DFTG-1305 Technical Drafting Prof. Francis Ha Session 4 Multiview Projection (or Orthographic Projection) Reading: Geisecke s textbook: 14 th Ed. Chapter 5 p th Ed. Chapter 6 p.232 Update:
2 Engineering Graphics What is Engineering Graphics? A set of rules and guidelines that helps you to create an Engineering Drawing. What is an Engineering Drawing? A drawing that communicates an idea or design with others.
3 Technical Engineering Examples of Engineering Drawings Mechanical Drawings Detailed drawing of a part that needs to be machined. Electromechanical Drawings Schematic Diagram Enclosing design Printed Circuit Board layout & design Civil Drawings Road layout and construction Bridge, Road, Freeway plans Pipe Process Drawings Plant processing, Pipelines Oil Refineries and energy facilities Architecture Drawings Planning, designing, and constructing buildings Physical structures.
4 Summary What will we learn in this Chapter? How to create a multiview drawings Key points:a multiview projection is a 2-D representation of a 3-D object.
5 Introduction Multiview projection is a 2-D drawing representing a 3-D object.
6 Introduction A Multiview projection represents different sides of an object.
7 The Six Principle Views The six principle views are created by looking at the object, straight on, in the directions indicated.
8 Multiview Projection We will discuss the details of: 1. Glass Box method 2. Standard views 3. Functional views 4. Line Types and Line Weight 5. Rules for Line creation and Use
9 Multiview Projection 1. The Glass Box Method
10 The Glass Box Method How do we create the six principle views? Glass Box method: The object is placed in a glass box. The image of the object is projected on the sides of the box. The box is unfolded. The sides of the box are the principle views.
11 Glass Box Method The object is placed in a glass box. The sides of the box represent the 6 principle planes.
12 Glass Box Method The image of the object is projected on the sides of the box. Top view: Rhombus: equal sides
13 Glass Box Method Things to notice: The projection planes. The projectors. How surfaces A and B are projected.
14 Glass Box Method The box is unfolded creating the 6 principle views. Top view: Rhombus: equal sides
15 Glass Box Method
16 Glass Box Method
17 Exercise 1-1 Label the five principle views with the appropriate view names.
18 Exercise 1-1 Principle Views In-class Practice
19 Name each view
20 Name each view TOP VIEW
21 Name each view TOP VIEW
22 Name each view TOP VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW
23 Name each view TOP VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW
24 Name each view TOP VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW
25 Name each view TOP VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW
26 Name each view TOP VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW
27 Name each view TOP VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW
28 Name each view TOP VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg BOTTOM VIEW
29 Conclusion
30 What are the differences between the Right Side and Left Side views? TOP VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW Right & Left Sides Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg BOTTOM VIEW
31 What are the differences between the Right Side and Left Side views? TOP VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW They are mirror-images with one different line type. Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg BOTTOM VIEW
32 What are the differences between the Top Side and Bottom Side views? TOP VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW Top and Bottom Views Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg BOTTOM VIEW
33 What are the differences between the Top Side and Bottom Side views? TOP VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW They are mirror-images with different line types. Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg BOTTOM VIEW
34 What are the differences between the Front Side and Rear Side views? TOP VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW Front and Rear Views Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg BOTTOM VIEW
35 What are the differences between the Front Side and Rear Side views? TOP VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW They are mirror-images with different line types. Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg BOTTOM VIEW
36 The Drawing need Front Top and Right Side view TOP VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg BOTTOM VIEW
37 Conclusion The standard views used in a multiview projection are: Front view Top view Right Side View or Left Side View TOP VIEW Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg RIGHT SIDE VIEW
38 Attention: You must put the view names at the bottom of each view.
39 Multiview Projection 1. Glass Box Method 2. Standard Views
40 Standard Views When constructing a multiview projection, we need to include enough views to completely describe the true shape of the part. Complex drawing = more views Simple drawing = less views
41 Standard Views The standard views used in a multiview projection are: Front view Top view Right Side View or Left Side View If any of the remaining views doesn t add any new information, ignore it.
42 Standard Views How many views do we need to completely describe a block?
43 Standard Views How many views do we need to completely describe a block?
44 Standard Views How many views do we need to completely describe a block? TOP Two views. The 3 rd view duplicates information. FRONT (No need)
45 Standard Views How many views do we need to completely describe a sphere?
46 Standard Views How many views do we need to completely describe a sphere? One view. Why? A sphere has only one dimension. It s the diameter.
47 Multiview Projection 1. Glass Box Method 2. Standard Views 3. Function of views
48 Front View The front view shows the most features or characteristics of the object. It usually contains the least amount of hidden lines. The front view is chosen first and the other views are based on the orientation of the front view.
49 View Alignment The top and front views are aligned vertically and share the same width dimension. The front and right side views are aligned horizontally and share the same height dimension.
50 Transferring Depth Dimensions The depth dimensions in the top and side views must correspond point-for-point. When using CAD or instruments, transfer these distances accurately. You can transfer dimensions between the top and side views either with dividers or with a scale. You may find it convenient to use a 45 miter line to project dimensions between top and side views.
51 Multiview Projection 1. Glass Box Method 2. Standard Views 3. Function of views 4. Line Types and Line Weight
52 Line Type and Line Weight Line type and line weight provide valuable information to the print reader. For example, line type and weight can answer the following questions. Is the feature visible or hidden from view? Is the line part of the object or part of a dimension? Is the line indicating symmetry?
53 Line Type and Weight There are four commonly used line types: Continuous (Visible) Hidden Center Phantom
54 Line Type and Weight Some lines are more important than others. Importance is indicated by line weight or thickness. The thicker the line, the more important it is.
55 Line Types Visible lines: Visible lines represent visible edges and boundaries. Continuous and thick (0.5 or 0.7mm, B or BB type).
56 Line Types Hidden lines: Hidden lines represent edges and boundaries that cannot be seen. Dashed and medium thick (0.3mm, HB).
57 Line Types Center lines: Represent axes of symmetry on a circle or cylinder. Long dash short dash and thin (0.3 mm, HB).
58 Line Types Phantom line: Phantom lines are used to indicate imaginary features. alternate positions of moving parts. adjacent positions of related parts. The line type is long dash short dash short dash and the line weight is usually thin (0.3 mm, HB). The line type of the Cutting Plane is Phantom line with.7mm or.9mm thickness.
59 Exercise 1-2 Line types
60 Skip to next part of the exercise Exercise 1-2 Draw a visible, hidden, center and phantom line. Visible line Center line Hidden line Phantom line
61 Skip to next part of the exercise Exercise 1-2 Draw a visible, hidden, center and phantom line.
62 Line Types More on Center lines: Important for interpreting cylindrical shapes. Crossed center lines should be drawn at the centers of circles.
63 Line Types More on Center lines: They are also used to indicate circle of centers and paths of motion.
64 Line Types Dimension and Extension lines: Dimension and extension lines are used to show the size of an object. In general, a dimension line is placed between two extension lines and is terminated by arrowheads, which indicates the direction and extent of the dimension. The line type is continuous and the line weight is thin (0.3 mm, HB).
65 Line Types Cutting Plane line: Cutting plane lines are used to show where an imaginary cut has been made through the object in order to view interior features. The line type is phantom and the line weight is very thick (0.7mm or 0.9 mm, BB type). Arrows are placed at both ends of the cutting plane line to indicate the direction of sight.
66 Line Types Section lines: Section lines are used to show areas that have been cut by the cutting plane. Section lines are grouped in parallel line patterns and usually drawn at a 45 angle. The line type is usually continuous and the line weight is thin (0.3 mm, HB) This is how section lines might look on a drawing
67 Line Types Break line: Break lines are used to show imaginary breaks in objects. A break line is usually made up of a series of connecting arcs. The line type is continuous and the line weight is usually thick (0.5mm, HB or B).
68 Exercise 1-3 Lines used in a multiview projection
69 Exercise 1-3 Fill the following dotted multiview projection with the appropriate line types.
70 Fill in the visible lines in to TOP view.
71
72 Fill in the visible lines in to FRONT view.
73
74 Fill in the visible lines in to RIGHT SIDE view.
75
76 Fill in the HIDDEN lines into Front, Top and Right Side Views.
77
78 Draw the center lines in all the views.
79 cross me
80
81 Multiview Projection Break!
82 Exercise 1-4 (extra) In class practice: Missing lines 1
83 Exercise 1-4 Fill in the missing lines in the front, right side, and top views.
84 1 missing visible line in the front view. Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg
85
86 The right side view has 1 missing visible line and 2 missing hidden lines.
87
88 The top view has 5 missing visible lines and 2 missing hidden lines. Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg
89
90 Exercise 1-5 (extra) In class practice
91
92 Multiview Projection 1. Glass Box Method 2. Standard Views 3. Function of views 4. Lines Type and Weight 5. Rules for Line Creation and Use
93 Rules for Line Creation and Use The following rules will help us create lines that communicates effectively. CAUTION! Due to computer automation, some of the rules may be hard to follow.
94 Using Hidden Lines Hidden lines represent edges and boundaries that cannot be seen.
95 Creating Hidden Lines Rule 1: The length of the hidden line dashes may vary slightly as the size of the drawing changes.
96 Creating Hidden Lines Rule 2: Hidden lines should always begin and end with a dash, Exception: When the hidden line begins or ends at a parallel visible or hidden line.
97 Creating Hidden Lines Rule 3: Dashes should join at corners.
98 Using Center Lines Center lines represent axes of symmetry. They are important for interpreting cylindrical shapes.
99 Using Center Lines Center lines represent axes of symmetry. They are also used to indicate circle of centers, and paths of motion.
100 Creating Center Lines Rule 1: Center lines should start and end with long dashes.
101 Creating Center Lines Rule 2: Center lines should intersect by crossing either the long dashes or the short dashes.
102 Creating Center Lines Rule 3: Center lines should extend a short distance beyond the object or feature.
103 Creating Center Lines Rule 4: Center lines may be connected within a single view to show that two or more features lie in the same plane. Caution! Center lines should not extend through the space between views.
104 Using Phantom Lines Phantom lines uses: They may also be used to indicate adjacent positions of related parts.
105 Using Phantom Lines Phantom lines uses: Used to indicate repeated detail.
106 Using Phantom Lines Phantom lines uses: They are also used to show a change in surface direction produced by fillets and rounds.
107 Using Phantom Lines Phantom lines uses: Used to indicate alternate positions of moving parts.
108 Creating Phantom Lines Rule 1: Phantom lines should start and end with a long dash.
109 Using Break Lines Break lines are used to show imaginary breaks in an object.
110 Creating Break Lines There are two types of break lines. If the distance to traverse is short the series of connecting arcs is used.
111 Creating Break Lines There are two types of break lines. If the distance is long the thin straight line with a jog is used.
112 Line Precedence If two lines occur in the same place, the line that is considered to be the least important is omitted. Lines in order of precedence/importance are as follows; Cutting plane line Visible line Hidden line Center line
113 Multiview Projection - The end -
114 EXTRA for Chapter 1 Multiview Projection
115 Multiview Projection (IF TIME PERMITTED ) 6. Creating a Multiview Projection
116 Creating a multiview projection Choose a front view. Which view shows the most about the object?
117 Creating a multiview projection Decide how many views are needed. How many and which views? 2 Front, Top For procedural reasons, we will continue this example by drawing all 3 standard views.
118 Creating a multiview projection Draw the visible features of the front view.
119 Creating a multiview projection Draw projectors off of the front view.
120 Creating a multiview projection Draw the top view.
121 Creating a multiview projection Project back to the front view.
122 Creating a multiview projection Draw a 45 projector off the front view.
123 Creating a multiview projection Draw projectors over to the 45 line and down.
124 Creating a multiview projection Draw the right side view.
125 Creating a multiview projection Project back if needed.
126 Creating a multiview projection Draw centerlines where necessary.
127 Creating a multiview projection Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg
128 Completed Drawing Copyright 2006 by K. Plantenberg
129 Projection Symbol United States = 3rd angle projection Europe = 1st angle projection
130 End of Chapter
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