US03CPHY02 UNIT 3 Feedback in Amplifiers Part-2
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1 US03CPHY02 UNIT 3 Feedback in Amplifiers Part2 Dr. T. H. Patel Associate Professor VP & RPTP Science College Vallabh Vidyanagar Gujarat, India. pateltarunh@yahoo.com V.V. NAGAR 1
2 UNIT 3 USO3CPHY02 Advantages of Negative feedback 1. Improves Stability of Amplifier Gain (Af). 2. Reduces Distortion and Noise. 3. Increases the Input Impedance of the amplifier. 4. Decreases the Output Impedance of the amplifier. 5. Increases the Bandwidth. 2
3 1. Stabilization of Gain. Why? The gain of the amplifier may changes due to; 1. Change in power supply voltage 2. Change in parameters of the active device like transistor The change in gain may drive the performance of the amplifier to undesired conditions. So stability of the gain is necessary for smooth functioning of the amplifier. 3
4 1. Stabilization of Gain. How? For a negative feedback amplifier, we have, If we make, Since = Af can constant, be made independent of A (gain of internal amplifier). Now, even if A changes, we can calculate % change in Af. From equation Dividing (2) by (1) (1).. (1 )..(2) 4/29/18 Dr TARUN A. PATEL VPM (% change in Af ) is << (% change i.e. in Af A) is much more stable than 4
5 2. Reduction in Harmonic Distortion. How? Sinusoidal Input t Distortion Internal Amplifier Clipped output Or Predistorted input t Feedbac k Network Reduced distortion t 5
6 2.Reduction in Harmonic Distortion. Quantitative Input AβDf βdf Internal Amplifier A Feedbac k Network D Output Net distortion after feedback, D = distortion without feedback f = distortion AFTER feedback = Gain of Internal amplifier f = Gain of feedback amplifier 6
7 2. Reduction in Noise Internal Amplifier Feedbac k Network 1. Electrical noises are generated due to many reasons. 2. Such noises gives noise voltage signals. 3. These noise voltage signals are amplified and feed backed to basic amplifier. 4. Due to negative feedback net noise signal voltage at the output decreases. 5. Hence the net noise level decreases. 7
8 3. Increase in Input impedance Feedback Amplifier A n amplifier requires higher input impedance. 8
9 3. Increase in Input impedance: Example = 1 KΩ =? Feedback Amplifier A=100 0 = 0.01 = 11 KΩ 9
10 4. Decrease in Output impedance: Feedback Amplifier A 1. Output replaced by voltage source. 2. Input terminals shorted. 3. Connect voltage source at output If input impedance of b network is very high, KVL gives. n amplifier requires lower output impedance. 10
11 Am ax Amax Af max 0.707Af max 5. Increase in Bandwidth Bandwidth: band of frequencies where the Gain is of its maximum. f1 f1 Lower cutoff frequency Bandwidth Bandwidth After Negative feedback Gain reduced by 1/ (1Ab) Bandwidth = ( f2 f1 )Hz > Bandwidth = ( f2 f1 )Hz (Gain x Bandwidth) = Constant f2 f2 Higher cutoff frequency f 11
12 UNIT 3 USO3CPHY02 Amplifiers with Negative Feedback 12
13 Amplifier with Series Voltage Negative Feedback Feedback Amplifier A 13
14 Amplifier Circuits with Negative Feedback Series Current Negative Feedback 14
15 RC Coupled Amplifier Determine type of feedback used in the circuit? 15
16 RC Coupled Amplifier So, this is a Series Current Negative Feedback No feedback 4/29/18 Dr TARUN PATEL 16
17 RC Coupled Amplifier WITHOUT BYPASS CAPACITOR Such Series Current negative feedback is used in practical amplifier circuits like: Ø Ø Ø Ø Public Address System Tape recorders Record Players Stereo Amplifiers 17
18 Emitter Follower The effective input is, RC = 0 Whole is fed back to the input Hence Gain of the circuit reduces drastically. ` In fact, Gain is less than Unity. What is usefulness of such circuit? 18
19 Ø Emitter Follower: What is usefulness of such circuit? he circuit offers high input impedance and low output impedance. Hence it is capable of giving power to a load connected to its output without requiring much power at its input. Signal Generator (AFO) Low input Impedance Other Stages Output Circuit under Test Like CRO High output Impedance High input Impedance Low output Impedance Ø This is called as Impedance matching Ø Here the emitter follower is acting as Buffer amplifier. 19
20 UNIT3 Completes Thank you for watching. Do not forgot to feedback on this topic. Go to Contact Menu on Main Page and Submit your Comments. 20
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