4. Computer Simulation of Switching Converters

Transcription

1 Power Elecronic Sysems & Chips a., NCTU, Taiwan 4. Compuer Simulaion of Swiching Converers 電力電子系統與晶片實驗室 Power Elecronic Sysems & Chips a. 交通大學 電機控制工程研究所 台灣新竹 交通大學 電機與控制工程研究所 電力電子實驗室 ~ 鄒應嶼教授 /46 Conens Inroducion Challenges in Compuer Simulaion Simulaion Process Open-oop arge Signal Simulaion Small-Signal Modeling Conroller Design Closed-oop arge-signal Sysem Behavior Swiching Deails Mechanics of Simulaion Widely Used Circui-Oriened Simulaors /46

2 Inroducion power inpu power oupu power v processor i v o i i i v load conrol signals measuremens conroller reference Swiching naure of power converers Modeling of power converers Modeling of power devices Modeling of power losses Dynamic & seady-sae ehaviors Compuer simulaion vs. hardware prooype 3/46 Challenges in Compuer Simulaion Modeling of power devices Simulaion may ake a long ime ccurae models are no always availale Modeling of he analog or digial conroller Simulaion of seady-sae 4/46

3 Simulaion Process OPEN-OOP, RGE-SIGN SIMUTION SM-SIGN MODEING ND CONTROER DESIGN COSED-OOP, RGE-SIGN SYSTEM BEHVIOR SWITCHING DETIS Swich-Mode Power Supplies - SPICE Simulaions and Pracical Designs, Chrisophe Basso, McGraw-Hill, Fe., /46 Open-oop, arge-signal Simulaion Power processor power inpu power oupu each swiching is represened, simple v v o i componen models i i v i load Prespecified conrol signals 開關採用理想模型 ideal swich model 設定適當的工作點 define he operaing poin 模擬電路的穩態週期行為 決定主要功率元件的額定與峰值 選擇電路架構的依據 6/46

4 Small-Signal inear Model and Conroller Design inpu Power processor small-signal, linearized models load conrol signals conroller reference 選擇適當的工作點 非線性之開關以線性化之平均化之線性模型替代 建立轉換器的小信號模型 頻域響應分析 控制器設計 分析系統的穩定性與輸出阻抗 7/46 Closed-oop, arge-signal Sysem Behavior power inpu Power processor each swiching is represened; simple swich models; sauraion and perinen nonlineariies are included power oupu load conrol signals measuremens conroller reference 閉迴路控制下的大信號模擬, 例如 POWER ON 模擬 開關採用理想模型 電路中之 sauraion, limi, dead zone 等非線性特性應納入模擬 控制器可以等效之函數或電路替代 完整電路 數仟週期之模擬 8/46

5 Swiching Deails power inpu Power processor some componens represened in deail; a few swiching cycles power oupu prespecified conrol signals 功率開關元件的模型建立 磁性元件的模型建立 緩震電路之設計 開關損失之分析 最惡劣情況元件峰值之決定 局部電路 少數週期之模擬 9/46 Mechanics of Simulaion EQUTION SOVERS CIRCUIT-ORIENTED SIMUTORS COMPRISON 0/46

6 Soluion Techniques for Time-Domain nalysis INER DIFFERENTI EQUTIONS TRPEZOID METHOD OF INTREGRTION NONINER DIFFERENTI EQUTIONS /46 inear Differenial Equaions i v oi r v c C R 0 v oi on V d off T s a Simplified equivalen circui of a swich-mode, regulaed DC power supply. r i i di d dv C d c v c v vc 0 R oi KV KC di r dv d c d C i v CR c v 0 oi /46

7 3/46 Soluion of inear Dynamic Equaions oi c v g v i and g d d 0 and CR C r g d d d g 4/46 Trapezoidal Mehod of Inegraion 0 0 d d g g g g d g g g I I g g I I

8 Soluion of he inear Differenial Equaion I I g g If and B are independen of ime: M Ng g M I I N I Selecion of he ime sep plays a key role in compuaion accuracy! 5/46 Nonlinear Differenial Equaions f, f, d, f, f Numerical Mehod: Simpsons-Rule, Newon-Raphson Ieraion Procedure, Runge-Kua Mehods, 6/46

9 Equaion Solver: MTB Simulaion v oi 0 Ts f 0 s v oi T s i v s di r dv d c d C r v conrol v c i v CR c C R v 0 oi % Soluion of he Circui using Trapezoidal Mehod of Inegraion clc, clg, clear % Inpu Daa Vd=8; =5e-6; C=00e-6; r=e-3; R=.0; fs=00e3; Vconrol=0.75; Ts=/fs; ma=50ts; dela=ts/50; % ime=0: dela : ma vs=ime/ts - fi Time/Ts; % =[-r/ -/; /C -/C R]; =[/ 0] ; MN=inveye-dela/ ; MN=MN eye+dela/ ; N=MN dela/ % I=4.0; vc=5.5; imelengh=lenghime; % For k= : imelengh =M [ik- vck-] +N voik+voik-; ik=; vck=; end % plo ime, i, ime, vc mea Eample 7/46 MTB Simulaion Resul of ow Frequency Behavior 0 9 Real Signal 8 i 7 6 v c /46

10 Simulaion Eample of a Buck Converer i v d 5H r 5m v c C 00F R load 8.0V a Swich-conrol signal on off on off 0 T on =7.5 s Ts 0s f s a Circui for simulaion. Swich conrol waveform. 9/46 Circui Simulaion: SPICE pproach 0 Model name= Power_diode v D v CNT Diode 6 0 i 3 4 r R snu =00 Snuer C 5 C snu =0.F SW Model name= Swich Iniial condiions: i O=4 v C O=5.5V v c R load PSpice Eample * DIODE POWER_DIODE Rsnu Csnu 5 0.uF * SW SWITCH VCNT 6 0 PUSE 0V, V, 0s, ns, 7.5us, 0us * 3 5uH IC=4 r 3 4 m C 4 00uF IC=5.5V ROD 4.0 * VD *.MODE POWER_DIODE D RS=0.0, CJ0=0pF.MODE SWITCH VSWITCH RON=0.0.TRN 0us 500.0us 0s 0.us uic.probe.end 0/46

11 PSPICE Simulaion Resuls 9.0 i v4, 5.0 ime s 00 s 300 s 400s 500s Resuls of PSpice simulaion: i and v c. /46 Simulaion and Eperimenal Resuls Simulaion Eperimen /46

12 Simulaion Opions for Power Conversion Sysems Swiching-Mode Sysem verage modeling Cycle y cycle nalog Simulaion SPICE, SBER, ec. Discree Simulaion MTB, CSI, ec. Symolic nalysis MTHMTIC, MCSYM, ec. Real or Ideal Devices nalog Simulaion arge Signal DC Small Signal nalyical Epressional Volage, Curren Sresses Volage, Curren Ripples arge Signal nalog SPICE, &Digial MTB, ; Conrol oop Design Closed-oop Response 3/46 Simulaion of a Boos Converer V in IN 00V main nh V gae R g 3.3 M3 D4 SD MUR860 30nH SW IRFP460 OUT 50nH m C R 60 V in IN 00V main nh V gae R g 3.3 S SD D Dreak 30nH SW Sreak R 0.3 OUT 50nH m C R The real device is replaced y an ideal swich. Sam Ben-Yaakov, "Simulaion of Power Conversion Sysems: From he Sae of he r o Fuure Trends," pp. 3-4, PCIM Proc., Nuremerg, /46

13 Behavioral verage-model Represenaion of a Power Conversion Sysem Swiching Inducion Model SIM SIM-Circui Ineracion a V a, V a,c D on D off I c Passive and cive Pars of Circui Duy-Cycle Generaor DCG V a, V a,c Consan V E Error Signal 5/46 Swich Inducor Modeling Techniques a c a I c I a I = I c G G a + E G c I a The swich inducor verage swich inducor model 6/46

14 Simulaion of a Boos PFC Converer C INPUT 3 C C R Q D C 5 O D R 3 R 4 C 6 R 5 IC + C 7 CURRENT-ERROR R 6 R MPIFIER 9 R 7 R 8 MUTIPIER PUSE-WIDTH MODUTOR C 8 C 9 IC + RMP R 0 VREF VOTGE-ERROR MPIFIER 7/46 Simulaion of a Sof-Swiching Boos PFC Converer C INPUT 3 4 R C Q C 3 C 4 R D D D 3 C 5 O D R 3 R 4 C 6 R 5 IC + C 7 PUSE-WIDTH MODUTOR C 8 CURRENT-ERROR R 6 R 9 MPIFIER R 7 R 8 MUTIPIER C 9 IC + RMP R 0 VREF VOTGE-ERROR MPIFIER 8/46

15 Equaion Solver Oriened Simulaors MTB hp:// MahCD hp:// Mahemaica hp:// 9/46 General-Purpose Circui-Oriened Simulaors nsof hp:// EMTP hp:// SBER nalogy hp:// PSPICE OrCD hp:// ICP4 Inusof hp:// PSIM hp:// PowerDesigners hp:// Simplis hp:// SimPlorer hp:// CSPOC hp:// Elecronics Workench hp:// 30/46

16 Co-Simulaion of a Moor Drive Conrol Sysem analog, digial, DSP, FPG ec. Power supply C/DC Converer/ recifier DC link C/DC Converer/ inverer BDC moor Mechanical load PSIM 3/46 nsof: PEpr for Power Supply Design Simulaion High Frequency nsof Designer HFSS Signal Inegriy SIwave Spicelink TP Elecromechanical Mawell D Mawell 3D SIMPORER PEpr RMpr dd-ons nsofinks Full-Wave Spice Opimerics ParICs WinIQSIM 3/46

17 NS Weench for ED Design 33/46 TI Power Design Tools 34/46

18 TI nalog eb Design Cener 35/46 SPICE-Based nalog Simulaion Program TIN-TI Version 7.0 ug, /46

19 TI SwicherProTM Online Design Creaor and Managemen Sofware. Define a Design Based on he PWM IC. Selec Componens from a Daaase 3. Complee he Design o Make nalyses Frequency Response nalysis Calculaed Effuiciency nalysis PCB ayou Guide hp://focus.i.com/en/download/aap/demos/swicherpro/swicherpro.hml 37/46 isim - Inersil s Ineracive We Design Simulaion Tool hp://we.ransim.com/isim/ 38/46

20 IS67 Fleile Single Ended Curren Mode PWM Conroller 39/46 IS67 Simulaion Resuls Secondary Responses Frequency Response oop Gain Primary Responses

21 PowerEsim hp:// I s on-line I s for everyone Worldwide access 00% server side simulaion I s FREE!! 4/46 Ei: Power IC Model irary hp:// SPICE Models for he Power Elecronics Designer 4/46

22 Wolfram Compuale Documen Forma CDF Player 43/46 Operaional mplifier Gain-Bandwidh Characerisics 44/46

23 Summary 電路模型化與電腦模擬在電力電子系統的分析與設計過程中, 扮演著重要的角色 模擬的目標應與模型化的層次配合 CD 在高功率密度交換式電源轉器的分析 設計 與驗證過程中, 將愈為重要 善選使用的 CD 輔助設計軟體, 有助於快速完成電力電子的系統設計 45/46 References [] H. Jin, Behavior-mode simulaion of power elecronic circuis, IEEE Trans. on Power Elecronics, vol., no. 3, pp, , May 997. [] D. Maksimovic,. M. Sankovic, and V. J. Thouvelil, and G. C. Verghese, Modeling and simulaion of power elecronic converers, Proceedings of he IEEE, vol. 89, no. 6, pp , June 00. [3] Sam Ben-Yaakov, Simulaion of power conversion sysems: from he sae of he ar o fuure rends, pp. 3-4, PCIM Proc., Nuremerg, 999. [4] V. Rajagopalan Gues Edior, Special Issue on Compuers in Power Elecronics, Gues Ediorial, p. 397, IEEE Trans. on Power Elecronics, vol., no. 3, May 997. [5] Chrisophe Basso, Swich-Mode Power Supplies - SPICE Simulaions and Pracical Designs, McGraw-Hill, Fe., 008. [6] Chrisophe P. Basso, Swich-Mode Power Supply SPICE Cookook, McGraw-Hill Professional; s Ed., March 9, 00. [7] Seven M. Sandler, SMPS Simulaion wih Spice 3, McGraw-Hill., s Ed., 996. [8] Seven M. Sandler and Charles E. Hymowiz, SPICE Circui Handook, McGraw-Hill Pulishing Co., ug [9] Muhammad H. Rashid, SPICE for Power Elecronics and Elecric Power, Second Ediion, CRC Press, Nov [0] G. Massorio and P. nognei, Semiconducor Device Modeling wih SPICE, McGraw-Hill., 993. [] W. Banzhaf, Compuer-ided Circui nalysis Using PSPICE, Prenice-Hall, Inc., 99. [] M. H. Rashid, SPICE for Circuis and Elecronics Using PSPICE, Prenice-Hall, Inc., 990. [3] W. Banzhaf, Compuer-ided Circui nalysis Using PSPICE, Prenice-Hall, Inc., 989. [4] P. W. Tuinenga, SPICE: Guide o Circui Simulaion & nalysis Using PSPICE, Prenice-Hall, Inc., 988. [5] Power Specialis's pp Noe Book, Papers on Simulaion, Modeling and More, Edied y Charles Hymowiz, hp:// [6] Inline equaions offer hyseresis swich in PSpice, Chrisophe Basso, On Semiconducor, EDN, ugus 6, 00 46/46