Use of Satellite Remote Sensing in Tsunami Damage Assessment

Transcription

1 Japan-Peru Workshop on Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Lima 2005 Use of Satellite Remote Sensing in Tsunami Damage Assessment August 10, 2005 Fumio Yamazaki Chiba University, Chiba, Japan 1

2 World Tsunami Hazard Munich Re Group: World of Natural Hazards, CD-ROM 2

3 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake and Tsunami This image was created by ( (Kenji Satake) at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in Japan 3

4 Measured Tsunami Height by Matsunami et al. 4

5 Objectives Since affected areas are too large, remote sensing is necessary to grasp damage distribution. It is important to obtain geo-referenced images and videos as ground truth data while tsunami effects remain. Cooperation with local agencies/universities is inevitable. Thailand was selected as a survey site since we have research counterpart, and accessibility to tsunami affected sites is good. 5

6 International survey team January 8-11, 2005 Fumio Yamazaki, Chiba University, Japan Masashi Matsuoka, EDM, NIED, Japan Shubharoop Ghosh, ImageCat Inc./MCEER, USA. Pennung Warnitchai, AIT, Thailand. Supapis Polngam, GISTDA, Thailand. Siam Lawawirojwong, GISTDA, Thailand. Masahiko Honzawa, GISTDA, JICA-SV, Japan. MCEER: Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, USA GISTDA: Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency, Thailand AIT: Asian Institute of Technology 6

7 KoPhra Thong Ban Nam Khem Phang-Nga Ban Bang Sak Survey Route with GPS-Camera Khao Lak Krabi Kamala Phuket Patong Karon KoPhi Phi 7

8 Satellite Images used in Tsunami Response in Thailand GISTDA : performed quick response for providing EOS images that very useful for rescue and rehabilitation action TERRA MODIS, AQUA 22 Dec. 2004, h. 26 Dec. 2004, h. & h. IRS 28 Dec LANDSAT 30 Dec Feb QuickBird 02 Jan IKONOS 24 Jan Dec SPOT 30 Dec Jan RADARSAT 13 Jan ASTER 31 Dec

9 From VIEWS to Panoramic VIEWS GPS synchronized video with satellite image VIEWS Visualizing Impacts of Earthquakes With Satellites 9

10 Resort, Khao Lak Route Center Left Right 10

11 Reflectance of vegetation measured on 2005/2/20 Reflectance= (Radiation of an object)/ (Radiation of white reference) Kata Beach, Phuket B G R NIR Lawn planted after tsunami Reflectance (%) Wavelength (nm) grass 49 yellow58 dead 59 Grass weakened by tsunami Dead lawn due to tsunami 11

12 ASTER image of Phang-Nga Province and photos taken during the field survey. 12

13 Detection of vegetation change due to tsunami using false color ASTER images of Khao Lak, Phang Nga, Thailand RGB= Band 3 (NIR), 2 (R), 1 (G) Red zone means a vegetated area. Vegetation reduced along the coastal line after tsunami. 2002/11/15 before 2004/12/31 after T. T. Vu & M. Matsuoka 2002/11/ /12/31 13

14 3D plot of tsunami affected areas using ASTER image and SRTM 90m DEM 2002/11/15 KHAO LAK, PHANG NGA, THAILAND T. T. Vu & M. Matsuoka 2004/12/31 14

15 NDVI from ASTER images before and after tsunami Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI = NIR NIR + R R NIR: Near-infrared band R: red band 1 NDVI 1 Higher vegetation for larger NDVI 2002/11/ /12/31 LOW HIGH 15

16 IKONOS images acquired on 30 January 2003 and 29 December

17 IKONOS images of South Sea Coral Resort, Khao Lak Before: 11 February 2001 After: 29 December 2004 Beaches and Coastline Destroyed South Sea Coral and Spa Resort Destroyed Buildings Copyright:_Space Imaging/GISTHAI/GISTDA_

18 How much can you see from IKONOS? Car on the roof IKONOS Pan-sharpened image: 1 m resolution 18

19 IKONOS image after Tsunami, Kamala Beach, Phuket b d f 29 December 2004 Copyright_Space Imaging/GISTDA_

20 Kamala Beach, Phuket 20

21 Landsat image of Kamala and Patong Beaches in Phuket Island and photos taken during the tsunami attack and in the field survey Kamala Beach (b) (c) Patong Beach (d) (e) (a) (f) (g) Landsat 5: 2004/12/3 During tsunami 2004/12/26 After tsunami 2005/2/20 21

22 Panorama VIEWS in Phi Phi Island 22

23 Landsat image of Phi Phi Island and photos taken during the field survey 23

24 Before EQ Tsunami Disaster due to the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki EQ Okushiri Island, Japan remained burned washed away by tsunamis After EQ and Tsunamis Tsunamis and fire devastated Aonae village. 24

25 Photos from Okushiri Island in 1993 Complete devastation. RC structure remain A burned boat. Cause of fire? 25

26 Breakwater Tsunami Countermeasures in Japan 1. Relocation to higher altitude places (or landfill/artificial floor) 2. Construction of break water 3. Early warning & rapid evacuation Breakwater under construction Evacuation Tower Artificial floor Evacuation Stairs 26

27 Tsunami warning and monitoring Tsunami prediction Tsunami gate Tidal gauge Japanese TV warning of tsunamis, September 2004 Tsunami monitoring camera and siren TsunamiReady" sign in Ocean Shores and Grays Harbor, Washington 27

28 Tide Network around Pacific Rim Tsunami watching and warning should be international. Location of tide gauge stations accessible from the West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (WCATWC) 28

29 Tsunami Hazard (Evacuation) Map Hawaii Island Plot possible areas of inundation and facilities to evacuate Use for education of residents disaster preparedness 29

30 Conclusions Tsunami reconnaissance survey was carried out in south Thailand by a team consisting of researchers from Thailand, Japan, and USA. Geo-referenced digital photos and videos were taken in the hard-hit areas, and they were linked to the satellite images. Using a hand-held spectrometer, spectral reflectance for surface materials in tsunami effected areas was measured. Using moderate resolution satellite imagery, tsunami inundation areas can be detected. Detailed structural damages can be detected from high resolution satellite images. Using all the data gathered and satellite imagery, we plan to develop tsunami hazard/inundation maps. 30

31 Thank you very much! 31