Updates on GOCI & GOCI-II projects

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Virgil Greer
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Center (KOSC) Korea Institute of Ocean Science and

1 Updates on GOCI & GOCI-II projects Young-Je Park, Wonkook Kim* Contributed by KOSC staff Korea Ocean Satellite Center (KOSC) Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) AWOC2015 and 12 th JKWOC JAMSTEC Yokohama Dec 8, 2015

Meteorological Imager L-band antenna Geostationary

Communication, Ocean & Meteorological Satellite COMS

System) : 2005 The first Korean Geostationary

Lifetime : 7 years Payloads (3 Missions)

3 Meteorological Imager L-band antenna Geostationary Ocean Color Imager Ka-band antenna COMS : Communication, Ocean & Meteorological Satellite COMS Project : 2003 ~ 2010 Establishment of KOSC (Ground System) : 2005 The first Korean Geostationary multipurpose Satellite Launch date : June Lifetime : 7 years Payloads (3 Missions) Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) Meteorological Imager Ka-band Communication

Geostationary Ocean Color Imager GSD(Ground Sampling Distance) : 500m * 500m Target Area : 2,500km * 2,500km (Center : 130 E 36 N) Included Nations : Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan, Russia, etc.

Yellow substance and turbidity B2 443 nm 20 nm 1,090 Visible Chlorophyll absorption maximum B3 490 nm 20 nm 1,170 Visible Chlorophyll and other pigments B4 555 nm 20 nm 1,070 Visible Turbidity,

4 Geostationary Ocean Color Imager GSD(Ground Sampling Distance) : 500m * 500m Target Area : 2,500km * 2,500km (Center : 130 E 36 N) Included Nations : Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan, Russia, etc. Temporal Resolution : 1hour (8 times at 1 day) Spectral Bands Characteristic and Requirements of GOCI Band Central wavelengths Band Width SNR Type Primary Application B1 412 nm 20 nm 1,000 Visible Yellow substance and turbidity B2 443 nm 20 nm 1,090 Visible Chlorophyll absorption maximum B3 490 nm 20 nm 1,170 Visible Chlorophyll and other pigments B4 555 nm 20 nm 1,070 Visible Turbidity, suspended sediment B5 660 nm 20 nm 1,010 Visible Baseline of fluorescence signal, Chlorophyll, suspended sediment B6 680 nm 10 nm 870 Visible Atmospheric correction and fluorescence signal B7 745 nm 20 nm 860 NIR B8 865 nm 40 nm 750 NIR Atmospheric correction and baseline of fluorescence signal Aerosol optical thickness, vegetation, water vapor reference over the ocean

GOCI calibration with solar diffuser GOCI radiometric gain shows sinusoidal variations (see figure below), which is probably from imperfect model of bidirectional transmittance function for the GOCI

5 GOCI calibration with solar diffuser GOCI radiometric gain shows sinusoidal variations (see figure below), which is probably from imperfect model of bidirectional transmittance function for the GOCI diffuser At same solar incident(azimuth/elevation) angles, the assessed gain evolution from 2011 to 2014 is ~0.45%. (0.7% for B1, 0.1% for B4) -> GOCI instrument is in a quite stable status five years after launch Evolution of GOCI Radiometric Gain Epoch: 2011/01/01 (yyyy/mm/dd) - 5 -

6 GOCI Data distribution Status of Distribution Service(20 Apr. 2011~) Changed URL : kosc.kordi.re.kr -> kosc.kiost.ac 8 times/day images are available since Satellite data DB (for distribution) : 118,000 scenes Downloads(~2013) : 325,000

7 Near real-time data service to over 20 organizations Ocean & Coastal Water Fishery/ Aquaculture Atmosphere & Meteorology Disaster Safety Land & Energy KIOST 동해연구소 (East Sea Research Institute) 극지연구소 (Korea Polar Research Institute) 국립해양조사원 (Korea Hydrographic & Oceanographic Administration) 국립수산과학원 (National Fisheries R/D Institute) 국립수산과학원동해수산연구소 (East Sea Fisheries Research Institute) 국가기상위성센터 (National Meteorological Satellite Center) 국립환경과학원 (National Institute of Environmental Research) 공군기상단 (Korea Air Force Weather Group) 국립재난안전연구원 (National Disaster Management Institute) 국민안전처해양경비안전본부 (Korea Coast Guard) 한국에너지기술연구원 (Korea Institute of Energy Research) 국가공간정보센터 (National Space Information Center) 해군정보단 (Korea Navy) 국립해양박물관 (Korea National Maritime Museum) Academic 전남대학교해양교란유해생물연구센터 (Chonnam National University) 서울대학교 (Seoul National University ) 고려대학교환경생태공학부 (Korea University) 강릉원주대학교 (Gangneung-Wonju National University) 인천대학교해양학과 (Incheon National University) - 7 -

8 Response to operational issues KOSC Procedure Issue confirmation from - Daily image analysis - Other sources In-depth analysis (+ Expert consultation) Report to the Ministry, Responsible agencies Issues Harmful algal bloom, floating green algae, floating brown algae, river discharge (low-salinity) water, upwelling cold water, dredging/dumping activities, yellow dust, fine dust, sea ice, sea fog, Typhoon, snowfall, fire, volcano eruption, Tsunami - 8 -

Massive HAB detected in GOCI imagery Massive outbreak of harmful algae (C.

GOCI image) and was expanded to eastern coastal waters in Aug-Sep, 2014.

which was difficult with in situ observations only.

9 Massive HAB detected in GOCI imagery Massive outbreak of harmful algae (C. polykrikoides) occurred in the south coast of Korea (red-color patches in GOCI image) and was expanded to eastern coastal waters in Aug-Sep, GOCI image was useful to identify the spatial coverage of the HAB event, which was difficult with in situ observations only. Korean Media reporting that satellite captured a huge red-tide patch in the south coast of Korea in 2014.

10 Red tide coverage tracked by GOCI in 2015 <2015 Sep 11 12:15> Red tide area spread (2015/08/04~09/14) Example of RGB composite with remote-sensing reflectace (R:B6,G:B4,B:B2)>

Floating algae (Sargassum horneri) detected by

Sargassum horneri were found in coastal areas of

GOCI image (bottom-left image) revealed that the

and barely visible using contrast in 745nm

11 Floating algae (Sargassum horneri) detected by GOCI In Jan-Feb 2015, accumulated patches of Sargassum horneri were found in coastal areas of Jeju island and southwest of Korea. GOCI image (bottom-left image) revealed that the floating algae patches were widely spread in the northern East China Sea. Spectral signature of Sargassum patch is weak and barely visible using contrast in 745nm before atmospheric correction.) 22 April 2015 Spatial R:745 Enhanced G:660 Anomaly B:555 of R745-R555

12 Sargassum honeri area traced by GOCI in January 4 ~ May 5

13 GDPS Updates and Cal/Val Activity in 2016 GDPS UI Updates in GDPS version 1.4 ( ) L2 flag viewer update Modularization (shorter processing time, handy code management) Bug fixing (OS dependency removed) Importing zip files as input Korea-US Joint Field Campaign (KORUS-OC) (2016.5) Between NASA/US universities and KIOST/KOSC 18 days in May, 18 June, 8, 2016 Coordinated with KORUS-AQ (Air Quality) between NASA and Korean National Institute of Environmental Research Korean Scientists 12 + US Scientists 12 With R/V Onnuri Optical measurements (LISST, Hydroscat, HyperPro, ASD, ACS), nutrients, phytoplankton (FlowCam, Flowcytometer, Turner), atmosphere composition (sun photometer, Ozonometer, Pandora)

14 GOCI-II will be installed on the GK-2B satellite with GEMS. GOCI-II is being developed by the Joint Development Team, KARI, KIOST and Airbus D&S.

15 Major User Requirements Enhanced user requirement compared to GOCI GOCI GOCI-II Bands 8(VIS/NIR) 12(VIS/NIR)+1 wideband Ground Sampling Distance Coverage 500m (Local Area Mode) North-East Asian Sea around Korea m (Local Area Mode) 1km (Full Disk Mode) North-East Asian Sea + Event Area Full Disk S/N ~1000 ~ 1000 Observation interval An hour (8 times/day) An hour (10 times/day) Improved (additional) performances Improved optical design to minimize the straylight Star imaging to enhance the geometric correction Lunar imaging to quantify the sensor degradation

16 Spectral Bands Requirements Spectral Bands Requirements Equipped with 13 Bands compared to 8 bands in GOCI Will improve atmospheric correction, PFT identification, and HAB algorithm Radiance : W/m 2 /μm/sr GOCI Band GOCI-II Band Band center Bandwidth Nominal Radiance Maximum Ocean radiance Threshold Radiance Maximum Cloud Radiance NEdL Nominal radiance nm 20 nm nm 20 nm nm 20 nm nm 20 nm nm 20 nm nm 20 nm nm 20 nm nm 20 nm nm 10 nm nm 10 nm nm 20 nm nm 40 nm nm 483 nm

17 Field of Regard of GOCI-II SN FoR (±11.4 deg) 8.7 deg Earth Disk 1.1 deg Instrument FoV set as margin 1.1 deg useful FoV for moon and star 0.5 deg margin for pointing bias EW FoR (±8.6 deg) 8.06 deg FD area 0.5 deg margin for pointing bias

18 GOCI-II Imaging Mode: Local Area and Full Disk Reference Local Area (RLA), 10 images a day Full Disk (FD), once a day GOCI-II Reference Local Area coverage by 12 slots

GOCI-II Ground Processing System project started in 2015

Processing System" to complete the whole process,

distribution`, within 60 minutes Receiving start

19 GOCI-II Ground Processing System project started in 2015 System development goal Development of "Integrated Data Processing System" to complete the whole process, `satellite data reception-correction-processing distribution`, within 60 minutes Receiving start Observation Start It takes 120 minutes in case of GOCI. 8` 15` 11` 9` 5` 12` Total 60 minutes

20 Development Milestone GK-2B PDR GK-2B CDR GK-2B IRR GK-2B TRR GK-2B PSR Launch (2019) 2019 P A Y L O A D G R O U N D URD RFP EDC SDR PDR CDR TRR PSR Mission Planning & Kick Off Design Phase System Design Preliminary Design Detail Design Payload Test Integration Phase System AIT Assembly & Test Phase Kick Off & Design Phase S/W Development Technical Support - Environmental Test - Launch Preparation - IOT Preparation S/W Integration H/W Set-up S/W Test/Debug H/W Test/Debug I N O R B I T T E S T

21 Thank you

1. INTRODUCTION. GOCI : Geostationary Ocean Color Imager

1. INTRODUCTION. GOCI : Geostationary Ocean Color Imager 1. INTRODUCTION The Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) releases an announcement of opportunity (AO) to carry out scientific research for the utilization of GOCI data. GOCI is the world