Status of Aqua MODIS Reflective Solar Bands Calibration and Performance
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1 EOS Status of Aqua MODIS Reflective Solar Bands Calibration and Performance Jack Xiong NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA A. Angal, H. Chen, X. Geng, D. Link, Y. Li, and A. Wu SSAI, Greenbelt Road, Lanham, MD 20706, USA IOCS Meeting, June 15-18, 2015, San Francisco, CA 1
2 Outline Calibration Methodologies On-orbit Performance Challenges and Future Improvements Summary Focus on Aqua MODIS ocean color reflective solar bands (RSB) Backup slides for instrument background 2
3 Calibration Methodologies MODIS VIIRS Calibration Accuracy Requirements: 2% in reflectance and 5% in radiance Activities Terra Aqua Lunar Roll: PV Ecal: SRCA: BB: SD/SDSM:
4 Calibration Methodology Implementation (C6) Same overall calibration methodologies with slightly different implementations for MODIS L1B data collections C3: June 2002 Nov 2002 C4: Nov 2002 Feb 2007 C5: July 2005 Present C6: Feb 2012 Present Calibration Methodologies for C6 Absolute: reflectance-based calibration via on-board SD BRF Relative (changes over time and at different viewing angles): sensor responses to SD, Moon, SRCA, and selected CEOS endorsed EV targets to cover different AOIs Bands 8 and 9: the EV response trends are also used at SD AOI Other considerations: no direct impact for current ocean color products 4
5 On-orbit Performance SD Degradation Changes in Spectral Band Responses (Gains and RSR) Response Versus Scan-angle (RVS) Detector Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR) Spatial and Spectral Performance (Backup Slides) 5
6 Solar Diffuser (SD) Degradation Large SD degradation at short wavelength Recent increase of BRF (wavelength dependent) Results as of May 2015 Similar wavelengthdependent SD degradation for Terra MODIS, Aqua MODIS, and S-NPP VIIRS A-MODIS VIIRS T-MODIS 6
7 Changes in Spectral Band Responses (Gains and RSRs) Gains RSRs Band 8 Band 9 Pre-launch Changes in spectral band responses are wavelength, AOI, and mirror side dependent Larger changes at shorter wavelengths; small MS difference in Aqua MODIS 7
8 Responses Versus Scan-angle (RVS) Frame 17 Frame 978 Frame 228 Frame 1055 Frame 649 Frame
9 Detector Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR) 36 spectral bands (490 individual detectors) RSB detector SNRs are characterized using SD with and w/o screen and SV responses Aqua MODIS: 10 noisy detectors (2 from pre-launch; 3 at launch) and 15 inoperable detectors (13 in Band 6); none in OC bands Band 8 SNR has been below its specification since 2008 due to decrease of detector response 9
10 Comparison of C5 and C6 L1B Performance Band 8; Frame 326 Band 8; Frame 731 Band 9; Frame 326 Band 9; Frame
11 Challenges and Future Improvements Large changes in SD BRF and large changes in detector responses at short wavelengths (ocean bands) SD degradation spatial uniformity and its dependence on illumination/viewing geometry Time dependent RVS for all VIS/NIR bands and detector dependent RVS for some ocean color bands (primarily for bands 8-12) RVS updates using EV response trending at different AOI (e.g. Aqua bands 8-9) Potential changes in polarization sensitivity (primarily for bands 8-12) Future improvements: Reducing SD degradation characterization uncertainty (temporal and spatial) Testing different RVS characterization methods (relative approach with reference bands; relative response over AOI using a single EV site) Improving data fitting strategies (temporal and angular) Minimizing polarization impact on response trending and fitting 11
12 Summary Aqua MODIS has successfully operated for 13 years Instrument operation conditions have been stable and its on-board calibrators continue to operate and function normally Extensive and dedicated effort by MCST to support MODIS L1B calibration and data production MsWG and Calibration Workshop Direct communication with NASA OBPG Frequent LUT updates Close relationship with NASA VCST (similar solar and lunar calibration for VIIRS) Future work planned to address various challenging issues Changes in VIS/NIR response versus scan-angle (RVS) Changes in VIS/NIR polarization sensitivities (esp. for Terra MODIS) Uncertainty due to correction for large SD and mirror degradation SD degradation correction for SWIR bands (not directly tracked by the SDSM) Issues due to aging instruments 12
13 Backup Slides 13
14 Instrument Background MODIS on EOS Terra and Aqua Spacecraft Terra launched in October 1999 Aqua launched in May 2002 Scanning Radiometer (2-side mirror) 36 spectral bands: VIS (0.4 mm) to LWIR (14.4 mm) 3 spatial resolutions: 250 m, 500 m, and 1 km 12 bits 4 focal plane assemblies (FPA): VIS, NIR, SMIR, LWIR On-board calibrators (OBC): SD, SDSM, SRCA, BB, and SV MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) Instrument operation L1B algorithm and LUT On-orbit calibration and characterization 14
15 MODIS Instrument and On-board Calibrators 15
16 Sensor Specification and Primary Applications 20 reflective solar bands (RSB: bands 1-19, and 26) from mm 16 thermal emissive bands (TEB: bands 20-25, 27-36) from mm 16
17 History of MODIS L1B and LUT Updates
18 Changes in Relative Spectral Responses (RSRs) Aqua MODIS Band 8 Aqua MODIS Band 9 Pre-launch Aqua MODIS Band 10 Aqua MODIS Band 11 18
19 Spatial and Spectral Performance CFPA CFPA CW and BW changes are within 0.5 nm and 1.0 nm, respectively, for most VIS/NIR bands (Relatively large changes for bands with broad bandwidths, such as bands 1, 18, 19) Aqua BBR: a known issue since pre-launch; 19
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