Remote Sensing. Division C. Written Exam

Transcription

1 Remote Sensing Division C Written Exam Team Name: Team #: Team Members: _ Score: /132

2 A. Matching (10 points) 1. Nadir 2. Albedo 3. Diffraction 4. Refraction 5. Spatial Resolution 6. Temporal Resolution 7. Radiometric Resolution 8. Panchromatic 9. Specular Reflection 10. Diffuse Reflection a. Ability to discriminate small differences in energy b. Produces black and white images c. Reflectivity of a surface d. Describes the area on the Earth s surface represented by a pixel e. Energy is deflected in a single direction f. Point on the ground in line with the RS system and the center of Earth g. Bending of radiation through a medium h. Time between two images of the same area i. Bending radiation around a corner/boundary j. Energy is reflected in all directions B. Identification (10 points) 1. Define the following acronyms: a. RADAR b. LIDAR c. CCD d. ASTER e. MODIS 2. Fill in the Blank a. _ sensors provide all their own energy for illumination b. _ sensors can only be used when naturally occurring energy is available c. _ scattering is why the sky is blue d. _ scattering occurs when particles are the same size as the wavelength of light e. _ scattering is how fog is detected

3 C. Calculations and Short Answer. Please show all work for calculations. 1. There are eight bands on the LANDSAT 7 satellite. Identify the common name and range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that each channel uses to create an image: Channel Common Name/Type of Radiation (1 pt.) Wavelength Range (3 pts.) Calculate the frequency of a photon of near infrared light of wavelength 2.5 μm. (3 points) 3. Calculate the energy of a photon of near ultraviolet light of wavelength 320 nm. (3 points)

4 4. Calculate the total energy emitted by an object per unit surface area per unit time at a temperature of 6000 K and an emissivity of (3 points) 5. Calculate the wavelength of peak energy emission for an object at a temperature of 8000 K. (3 points) 6. The A-train is one of the most important satellite constellations. List all the satellites that are active, no longer part of the A-train, or have experienced failure in order of orbit formation*. Include date launched and if active, removed, or failed. Add reason for failure/removal. (20 points) *If satellite A had failed, but was to orbit 30 minutes before satellite B, list A before B.

5 D. Multiple Choice. Choose the BEST answer. (10 points) 1. In aerial photos, the phenomena used to create depth is: a. Stereoscopic effect b. Parallax effect c. Photosynthetic effect d. 3D effect 2. Remote sensing can not measure which of the following? a. Ocean floor topography b. Water temperature c. Wind speed and direction d. None of the above 3. All of the planet s weather takes place in the a. Troposphere b. Mesosphere c. Stratosphere d. Ionosphere 4. Remote Sensing unofficially started in when pictures were taken from hot air balloons a. United States b. France c. England d. China 5. Which of the following is not monitoring the atmosphere as part of EOS? a. ICESat b. Terra c. ROCSat d. SORCE 6. If a satellite-based pushbroom sensor has a row of 5,000 CCD cells aligned perpendicular to the satellite s motion, and the swath width is 600 kilometers, what is the ground sampling distance (spatial resolution) in meters? a. 120 kilometers b. 30 meters c. 120 meters d. 1.2 meters 7. If a satellite is in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 705 kilometers, how many minutes and/or seconds of its orbital ground track would be covered by a square image area covering 400 km x 400 km? a. 40 seconds b. 1 minute c. 1 minute and 20 seconds d. 1 minute and 30 seconds 8. Glaciers need fresh snow to survive because the snow a. Feeds them with fresh ice b. Provides a protective shield against the sunlight c. Insulates them from the warmer air d. All of the above e. None of the above

6 9. The size and number of detector elements in a CCD determine the device s: a. Wavelength b. Frequency c. Resolution d. All of the above 10. Which of the following radiations can not be used for Remote Sensing? a. Ultraviolet b. Visible c. Infrared d. Microwave E. Imagery (38 points) *Note: If the question asks for area, please show work. Figure 1: 1. What year do you think this image was taken? 2. Knowing that the lines represent the terminus location of the Jakobshavn Glacier, what can you definitely say about the rate of change in size of the glacier over time? 3. What type of body of water is in the top left of this image? What are the white chunks? 4. What type of image is this? What bands would be used to create this image in a LANDSAT ETM+?

7 Figure 2: 1. What is the approximate area of this image in square kilometers? 2. What is the approximate distance between Mounds View High School and Capitol Furniture Sales in meters? 3. What type of image is this? In what season was this image most likely taken? Figure 3: 1. What is NDVI? Explain. 2. What is the area of the bottom image in square miles? In square kilometers? 3. What problem caused by hurricanes was the principal cause of the increase in water levels immediately before, during, and after the hurricane? 4. If the bottom image is a LANDSAT image and white areas show healthy vegetation, what band is most likely being used? How do you know? 5. What damage do you think the hurricane caused on the Louisiana coast, as shown by the top two images? Describe with appropriate ecological terms.

8 Figure 4: 1. Why is the river differently colored than the ocean water? 2. How would the color of the river be related to the recent passing of Hurricane Irene? 3. Why is the color of the water in the bay (upper right) different than the color of the water farther out to sea? 4. This image was taken from the MODIS sensor. On what satellite(s) is MODIS attached?

9 RS Test Images Figure 1: The Jakobshavn Glacier is in western Greenland and drains the central ice sheet. The glacier flows from upper right to lower left. Image courtesy of: NASA. By Cindy Starr, based on data from Ole Bennike and Anker Weidick of the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland and Landsat data

10 Figure 2: Image courtesy of: Google Maps

11 Figure 3: Hurricane Gustav made landfall in coastal Louisiana on Sept. 1, The two above images are before and after NDVI images of the green box in the lower image. Image Courtesy of: NASA, Landsat program

12 Figure 4: The image is of the Hudson River and the greater New York City area shortly after Hurricane Irene passed through in Sept Photo courtesy of: Jeff Schmaltz, NASA GSFC

13 Remote Sensing Test Key A. Matching (10 points) 1. F 2. C 3. I 4. G 5. D 6. H 7. A 8. B 9. E 10. J B. Identification (10 points) 1. Acronyms a. Radio detection and ranging b. Light detection and ranging c. Charged Coupled Detector d. Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer e. Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer 2. Fill in the blank a. Active b. Passive c. Rayleigh d. Mie e. Non-selective C. Calculations, Short Answer 1. Give 1 point for correct type of radiation, 1 point for correct starting wavelength, 1 point for correct ending wavelength, and 1 point for correct units. It s ok to substitute IR for infrared (32 points) 1. Blue, μm 2. Green, μm 3. Red, μm 4. Near Infrared, μm 5. Shortwave Infrared, μm 6. Thermal Infrared, μm 7. Shortwave Infrared, μm 8. Panchromatic, μm 2-5. One point for work shown, one point for correct answer, one point for correct units (12 points) 2. Work: Application of Velocity=Wavelength * Frequency equation Answer: 1.2 x Hz or 120 THz 3. Work: Application of V=Wavelength * Freq and Energy=Planck s constant * Frequency

14 Answer: x J 4. Work: Application of Stefan-Boltzmann Equation (q= * *T^4*A) Answer: q= W *This is a tiebreak question 5. Work: Application of λ max =b/t (b= x 10-3 meter-kelvin) Answer: x 10-7 m or nm 6. Answer should follow this order exactly (20 points) OCO (Orbiting Carbon Observatory): Failure due to vehicle launch failure, 2/24/2009 Aqua: Active, 5/4/2002 CloudSat: Active, 4/28/2006 CALIPSO: Active, 4/28/2006 PARASOL: Removed to lower orbit, 12/2/2009 Glory: Failure due to vehicle launch failure, 3/4/11 Aura: Active, 7/15/2004 *This is a tiebreak question. If everything is answered correctly, award 21 points (so one bonus point). Also, if satellites are out of order, subtract one point. D. Multiple Choice (10 points) 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B (Tiebreak question) 8. D 9. C 10. A E. Imagery (38 points) Figure 1: (1 point) 2. Decreasing (1 point) at increasing rate (1 point) 3. Fjord (1 point); Ice or Iceberg (1 point) 4. True Color (1 point); ETM+ 1, 2, 3 (3 points)

15 Figure 2: km 2 ± 0.1 km 2 (1 point for work, 1 point for answer, 1 point for units) *Note: I haven t actually tried calculating the area by hand. If you re finding a wider range of answers, you could widen the range if you so choose to m ± 12 m (1 point for work, 1 point for answer, 1 point for units) *Note: I have actually done this by hand, and calculated a distance of 436.6, so I think this range is fair. Still, it is up to the event supervisor s discretion to decide what a fair range is. 3. True color (1 point); Late fall or early winter (1 point) Figure 3: 1. Normalized Differentiated Vegetation Index (1 point); Definition along the lines of: Used to describe various land types, usually to determine whether or not the image contains vegetation (1 point); Equation: (1 point) 2. (1 point for work, 1 point for answer, 1 point for correct units for each calculation, so 6 points total from this question) Square miles: 5500 mi 2 ± 100 mi 2 ; Square kilometers: 8700 km 2 ± 160 km 2 *Again, range is to be determined by the discretion of the event supervisor. These ranges are based on my own calculations of the area 3. Storm surge (1 point) 4. ETM+ Band 8 (1 point) Panchromatic (1 point); Explanation along the lines that image is majority black and white (1 point) 5. Destruction of wetlands (1 point) and barrier islands (1 point) *This is a tiebreaker question Figure 4: 1. Explanation along the lines of sediment lying in the river (1 point) and that the ocean is deep, and thus blue (1 point) 2. Explanation along the lines of destruction and extreme erosion (1 point) 3. Explanation along the lines of sediment flowing from river is making the bay water lighter (1 point) 4. Terra (1 point) Aqua (1 point)