Information Article. Relevance

Transcription

1 Infrmatin Article Relevance 1. Airline (Aircraft Operatr) Crisis Respnse - an verview t assist understanding f sme significant emergency terms used by e.g. Air Traffic Service Units and Search & Rescue Units - in preparatin fr and during Search & Rescue peratins 2. Airline (Aircraft Operatr) Crisis Respnse - an verview f the cde-wrds used in raditelephny (including aviatin use) t alert respnders t a degree f distress, urgency r f a safety issue

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3 Uncertainty Phase (INCERFA) An uncertainty phase is declared by an Air Traffic Services Unit (ATSU): In respect f an aircraft fr which a flight plan has been filed when: n cmmunicatin has been received within a perid f 30 minutes after the time it shuld have been received, r frm the time a first unsuccessful attempt was made t establish cmmunicatin with the aircraft - whichever is the earlier AND / OR the aircraft fails t arrive within 30 minutes f the ETA last ntified r estimated, whichever is the later the evaluatin f ther circumstances, e.g. knwledge that the aircraft is experiencing difficulties makes it advisable t declare the uncertainty phase In respect f an aircraft fr which n flight plan has been filed, when infrmatin that the aircraft is verdue r missing is received frm any surce, e.g. an ATSU, the aircraft peratr, relatives f the pilt r any ther apprpriate persn. In such cases the apprpriate Rescue C-rdinatin Centre (RCC) will be ntified and will mnitr prgress Alert Phase (ALERFA) An alert phase is declared by an ATSU r RCC when: Attempts made during the uncertainty phase t establish cntact with an aircraft r t gain any news frm ther surces have failed - and the aircraft is nw clearly verdue An aircraft, which has been cleared t land, has failed t land within 5 minutes f the estimated time f landing - and cmmunicatin with the aircraft has been lst Infrmatin has been received which indicates that the perating efficiency f an aircraft fr which the uncertainty phase was declared (r that f anther aircraft) has becme impaired, but nt t the extent that a frced landing is likely There is reasn t believe that the peratin f an aircraft is subject t unlawful interference In such cases the apprpriate RCC will be infrmed (if nt already aware) and the latter will initiate / cntinue with its wn preparatins tgether with the alerting f relevant and related rganisatins and authrities

4 Distress Phase (DETRESFA) A distress phase is declared by an ATSU r RCC when: Attempts made during the alert phase t establish cntact with an aircraft and t gain infrmatin thrugh mre widespread enquiries have failed - and the aircraft is clearly missing and prbably in distress The fuel n bard is cnsidered exhausted r insufficient fr the aircraft t reach safety Infrmatin is received which indicates that the perating efficiency f an aircraft has becme impaired - t the extent that a frced landing is likely Infrmatin is received, r it is reasnably certain that an aircraft is abut t make r has made a frced landing r has crashed A dwned aircraft is lcated as the result f a sighting r f hming n t an aircraft Emergency Lcatr Beacn transmissin The apprpriate RCC will be infrmed (if nt already aware) and will ntify and activate ther required agencies and authrities. When a distress situatin exists withut the activatin f the RCC, the relevant ATSU will mbilise apprpriate resurces It is fr these reasns that each ATSU is entrusted with the task f alerting services fr all aircraft knwn t it, whether the aircraft is being prvided with air traffic services r nt. Each Area Cntrl Centre (verarching ATSU) serves as a cllecting pint fr all infrmatin relating t the state f emergency f an aircraft perating within the apprpriate Flight Infrmatin Regin - and als the cnducting f initial SAR Ops - until relieved by the apprpriate RCC As a result, an RCC will usually receive ntificatin that an aircraft is, r is cnsidered t be in a state f emergency - frm the Area Cntrl Centre (ACC) with which it is assciated. The RCC will nt nrmally be infrmed, hwever, when the nature f the emergency is such that lcal search and rescue facilities are cnsidered t be capable f dealing with the emergency e.g. in certain incidents ccurring at r near an aerdrme Cntents f Ntificatin Ntificatin frm an ATSU t an RCC will cntain, as available, the fllwing infrmatin - in the rder listed: INCERFA, ALERFA r DETRESFA, as apprpriate t the phase f emergency Details f agency and persn calling Nature f emergency Significant infrmatin frm the flight plan / wherever Time f last cmmunicatin, by whm received and frequency used Last psitin reprt and hw determined

5 Clur and distinctive marks f aircraft Any actin taken by reprting fficer / persn Number f persns (suls) n bard (POB [SOB]) Details f any survival equipment carried Any ther infrmatin The Aernautical SAR Operatin - Sequence f Events The Uncertainty Phase (INCERFA) The uncertainty phase may be declared by an ATSU r RCC. Upn INCERFA declaratin the apprpriate ATSU shuld: Verify the infrmatin received if necessary When a flight plan has been filed, maintain clse liaisn with any ther apprpriate ATSU(s) in rder that: New infrmatin (btained e.g. via a cmmunicatin search, a verificatin f the flight plan, a review f the weather infrmatin passed t the pilt befre and during the flight etc.) - will be available immediately fr evaluatin, pltting and decisin making Duplicatin f actin can be avided since this may lead t unnecessary verlading f cmmunicatin channels When n flight plan has been filed, attempt t btain infrmatin frm which the rute, stpping places and time f departures and arrivals f the aircraft may be recnstructed - and start a plt f the flight f the aircraft invlved using infrmatin btained by such actins taken Perfrm a cmmunicatins search. The purpse f a cmmunicatin search is twfld, namely, cntinuatin f effrts t cntact aircraft n all apprpriate frequencies and, if that fails, determinatin f its prbable whereabuts by: Making enquiries at all aerdrmes where it might have landed, including the aerdrme f departure and cntacting ther apprpriate surces, such as aircraft knwn r believed t be / t have been n the same rute and / r within cmmunicatin range If the cmmunicatin search r flight recnstructin indicates that the aircraft has landed safely, the ATSU will clse the incident and immediately infrm the RCC, aircraft perating agency and any ther facility it may have alerted. If, hwever, apprehensin as t the safety f the aircraft and its ccupants cntinues t exist, the uncertainty phase must be upgraded t the alert phase

6 The Alert Phase (ALERFA) The alert phase will be declared by the apprpriate ATSU r the RCC. Upn ALERFA declaratin the RCC shuld: Immediately appint a Search Missin C-rdinatr (SMC), alert apprpriate staff and activate the necessary search and rescue facilities - as required Lg all incming infrmatin and prgress reprts, details f actins taken as described belw and subsequent develpments Verify the infrmatin received as required Endeavur t btain any infrmatin cncerning the aircraft frm surces that ATSUs might nt have checked via their nrmal cmmunicatin circuits e.g. : Cmmunicatin statins assciated with radi navigatin aids, radar facilities (including air defence) r directin finding netwrks - and any ther cmmunicatin statins with which the aircraft might pssibly have cmmunicated (these units shuld be requested t guard specified radi frequencies) All aerdrmes r landing strips (alng and near the prpsed rute f the aircraft) which have nt yet been checked, as well as all thers where it is reasnably pssible that the aircraft may have landed All ther agencies and facilities capable f btaining additinal infrmatin r verifying infrmatin already btained Thrughly evaluate the flight plan, weather, terrain, pssible cmmunicatin delays, last knwn psitin, last radi calls received and pilt s qualificatins / experience / cnditin etc. Estimate the time f fuel exhaustin and particularly nte the perfrmance f the aircraft under apprpriate, adverse cnditins Maintain clse liaisn with apprpriate ATSUs in rder that: New infrmatin btained thrugh cntinued attempts t cntact the aircraft r thrugh mre widespread enquiries can be made available immediately fr evaluatin, pltting and decisin-making When s requested, ATSUs may assist by prviding cmmunicatin facilities, in particular by passing instructins r infrmatin t the aircraft in distress, aircraft reprting the distress r search and rescue aircraft - and als Infrming ther aircraft perating in the vicinity f details f the emergency

7 The ATSU can mnitr and keep the RCC infrmed n the prgress f any aircraft, the efficiency f which has been impaired but nt t the extent that a frced landing is likely Plt relevant details btained thrugh the actins described abve t determine the prbable psitin f the aircraft and its maximum range f actin frm its last knwn psitin Initiate search and rescue actin, if s indicated by the situatin appraisal - and ntify any actin taken t the ACC fr nward relay t the aircraft (if pssible) and ther ATSUs Whenever practicable, cmmunicate t the aircraft perating agency all infrmatin received and actin taken Nrmally an area f prbability wuld be calculated at this stage - t be upgraded t a search area during the distress phase - if s required If the effrts t lcate the aircraft indicate that an emergency n lnger exists, the RCC will clse the incident and immediately infrm all invlved ATSUs, the aircraft perating agency and any ther centre, service r facility it has alerted r activated If, hwever, the aircraft has nt been lcated by the time all the abve effrts have been cmpleted r the time f estimated fuel exhaustin has been reached, whichever ccurs first (and thus the aircraft and its ccupants may be cnsidered t be in grave and imminent danger and in need f immediate assistance) the alert phase must be upgraded t the distress phase The Distress Phase (DETRESFA) The distress phase may be declared by an ATSU r the RCC. Upn distress phase declaratin the RCC under cmmand f the Search Missin C-rdinatr shuld: Examine the apprpriate part f the detailed, pre-prepared plan f peratins fr search and rescue in the relevant Search & Rescue Regin(s) (SRR) Decide n a plan f actin and pass relevant details f the plan t: The ACC fr nward transmissin t the aircraft (if and when pssible), ther apprpriate ATSUs and fr air traffic c-rdinatin purpses - including apprpriate NOTAM (Ntice t Airmen) actin All ther RCCs assciated with the planned rute f the aircraft, as well as thse whse SRRs lie within the radius f actin f the aircraft as determined frm its last knwn psitin

8 Direct the peratin expeditiusly and efficiently t its cnclusin. If necessary, create a Rescue Sub-Centre (RSC) and appint an On-scene C-rdinatr (OSC) etc. - as fllws: The RSC will fulfil rles, respnsibilities and assignments as delegated by the RCC The OSC will be respnsible fr: C-rdinating all SAR effrts in the assigned SAR missin area Prviding and briefing missin details t participating / jining resurces Establishing cmmunicatins with all SAR facilities within the assigned missin area & acting as a link between the RCC and deplyed SAR facilities Re-transmitting psitin / ther reprts t the RSC and / r RCC, as required Reprting / updating weather & search cnditins t the RSC and / r RCC Ascertaining the endurance f SAR units within the area and reprting / updating this infrmatin t the RSC and / r RCC Keeping the RSC and / r RCC fully advised f develpments Submitting numbered Situatin Reprts t the RCC peridically and / r when imprtant changes ccur Maintain clse liaisn with the apprpriate ATSU(s) in rder that: New infrmatin btained thrugh cntinued attempts t cntact the aircraft r thrugh widespread enquiries will be made available immediately fr evaluatin, pltting and decisin making When requested t d s, the ATSU may assist by: Prviding cmmunicatin facilities, in particular by passing instructins r infrmatin t the aircraft in distress (if pssible), aircraft reprting the distress r search aircraft Infrming ther aircraft perating in the vicinity f the nature f the emergency and, if need be, restricting nrmal air traffic peratins in the search area Mnitring and keeping the RCC infrmed f all relevant infrmatin The apprpriate RCC(s) will ntify all apprpriate gvernment, regulatry and ther, apprpriate stakehlders f the prgress f SAR peratins

9 Standard Aernautical (& ther) Cde Wrds e.g. fr Emergency / Urgency / Safety Ntificatins MAYDAY Mayday is an emergency cde wrd used internatinally as a distress signal in visual and / r radi telephny vice cmmunicatins. It derives frm the French venez m'aider, meaning 'cme help me'. It is mainly used t signal a life-threatening emergency - typically (but nt exclusively) affecting aircraft and shipping Mre specifically, a MAYDAY situatin is ne in which a vessel, aircraft, vehicle r persn is in grave and imminent danger and requires immediate assistance. This is referred t as a state f distress When used t make a distress call the cde wrd is always spken three times cnsecutively (i.e. "Mayday / Mayday / Mayday") - t prevent mistaking it fr sme similar sunding phrase (e.g. perhaps under distrted radi transmissin / receptin cnditins) - and als t distinguish an actual Mayday call frm a message abut a Mayday call. The details f the state f distress (emergency message) then fllw the cde wrd - usually in a specified frmat An equivalent Mrse-cde Mayday signal is SOS - (Mrse cde versin shwn belw): PAN PAN In radi telephny cmmunicatins, a call f PAN PAN (repeated three times just like a MAYDAY call) is used t signify that there is a degree f urgency n bard a vessel, aircraft r ther vehicle but that, fr the time being at least, there is n immediate danger t anyne's life r t the vessel, aircraft etc. itself. This is referred t as a state f urgency. The details f the state f urgency then fllw the cde wrd This call is distinct frm a Mayday call. An equivalent Mrse-cde signal is XXX SECURITE (sek-ew-rit-ay) When a radi telephny transmissin begins with the wrds SECURITE / SECURITE / SECURITE i.e. the wrd SECURITE repeated three times) it means that what fllws cncerns imprtant safety infrmatin. The mst cmmn use f this in aviatin is t advise f significant navigatinal warnings & meterlgical infrmatin An equivalent Mrse-cde signal is TTT