RC4156/RC4157. High Performance Quad Operational Amplifiers. Features. Description. Block Diagram. Pin Assignments.

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1 RC45/RC457 High Performance Quad Operational Amplifiers Features Unity gain bandwidth for RC45.5 MHz Unity gain bandwidth for RC457 9 MHz High slew rate for RC45. V/mS High slew rate for RC V/mS Low noise voltage.4 mvrms Indefinite short circuit protection No crossover distortion Description The RC45 and RC457 are monolithic integrated circuits, consisting of four independent high performance operational amplifiers constructed with an advanced epitaxial process. These amplifiers feature improved AC performance which far exceeds that of the 74 type amplifiers. Also featured are excellent input characteristics and low noise, making this device the optimum choice for audio, active filter and instrumentation applications. The RC457 is a decompensated version of the RC45 and is AC stable in gain configurations of -5 or greater. Block Diagram Pin Assignments Output (A) Input (A) +Input (A) +Input (B) Input (B) A + + B D + + C Output (D) Input (D) +Input (D) +Input (C) Input (C) Output (A) Input (A) +Input (A) +VS +Input (B) Input (B) Output (B) Output (D) Input (D) +Input (D) VS +Input (C) Input (C) Output (C) Output (B) Output (C) Rev..0.0

2 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC45/RC457 Absolute Maximum Ratings (beyond which the device may be damaged) Parameter Min Typ Max Units Supply Voltage ±0 V Input Voltage ±5 V Differential Input Voltage 0 V Output Short Circuit Duration Indefinite PDTA < 50 C SOIC 00 mw PDIP 48 mw CerDIP 4 mw Operating Temperature RC45/RC C RM45/RM C Storage Temperature C Junction Temperature SOIC, PDIP 5 C CerDIP 75 C Lead Soldering Temperature DIP 00 C (0 seconds) SOIC 0 C For TA > 50 C Derate at SOIC 5.0 mw/ C PDIP.5 mw/ C CerDIP 8.8 mw/ C Notes:. Functional operation under any of these conditions is NOT implied. Performance and reliability are guaranteed only if Operating Conditions are not exceeded.. For supply voltages less than ±5V, the absolute maximum input voltage is equal to the supply voltage.. Short circuit to ground on one amplifier only. Operating Conditions Parameter Min Typ Max Units qjc Thermal resistance 0 C/W qja Thermal resistance SOIC 00 C/W PDIP 0 C/W CerDIP 0 C/W Electrical Characteristics (VS = ±5V, RM = -55 C TA +5 C, RC = 0 C TA +70 C) RM45/457 RC45/457 Parameters Test Conditions Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Units Input Offset Voltage RS kw mv Input Offset Current 75 0 na Input Bias Current na Large Signal Voltage Gain RL ³ kw,vout ±V 5 5 V/mV Output Voltage Swing RL ³ kw ± ± V Supply Current ma Average Input Offset Voltage Drift mv/ C

3 RC45/RC457 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Electrical Characteristics (VS = ±5V and TA = +5 C unless otherwise noted) RM45/457 RC45/457 Parameters Test Conditions Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Units Input Offset Voltage RS kw mv Input Offset Current na Input Bias Current na Input Resistance MW Large Signal Voltage Gain RL ³ kw, VOUT ±V V/mV Output Voltage Swing RL ³ kw ± ±4 ± ±4 V RL ³ kw ± ± ± ± V Input Voltage Range ± ±4 ± ±4 V Output Resistance 0 0 W Short Circuit Current 5 5 ma Common Mode Rejection Ratio RS kw db Power Supply Rejection Ratio RS kw db Supply Current (All Amplifiers) RL = ma Transient Response (45) Rise Time 0 0 ns Overshoot 5 5 % Slew Rate.... V/mS Unity Gain Bandwidth (45) MHz Phase Margin (45) RL = kw, CL = 50 pf % Transient Response (457) AV = -5 Rise Time ns Overshoot 5 5 % Slew Rate V/mS Unity Gain Bandwidth (457) AV = MHz Phase Margin (457) AV = -5, RL = kw, % CL = 50 pf Power Bandwidth VOUT = 0Vp-p khz Input Noise Voltage F = 0 Hz to 0 khz mvrms Input Noise Current F = 0 Hz to 0 khz 5 5 parms Channel Separation 8 8 db Note:. Sample tested only.

4 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC45/RC457 Typical Performance Characteristics A VOL (db) A 0 70 VOL K K 0K M 80 M F (Deg) F (Hz) Figure. Open Loop Gain, Phase vs. Frequency Figure. PSRR vs. Temperature Figure. Channel Separation vs. Frequency Figure 4. Transient Response vs. Temperature Figure 5. Input Noise Voltage, Current Density vs. Frequency 4

5 RC45/RC457 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Typical Performance Characteristics (continued).. SR,BW (Normalized to +5 C) SR, BW (Normalized to ±5V) SR and BW BW ± ±5 ± ±5 ± T A ( C) Figure. Slew Rate, Bandwidth vs. Temperature ±V S (V) Figure 7. Slew Rate, Bandwidth vs. Supply Voltage 0 V OUT P-P (V) 0 V OUT P-P = 8V V S = ±5V V OUT P-P = 8V V S = ±V V OUT P-P = 8V V S = ±5V.0 45 (Voltage Follower) R L = Open C L = 50 pf 0. 0 K K 0K M F (Hz) V OUT P-P (V) K K 0K R L ( W) Figure 8. Output Voltage Swing vs. Frequency Figure 9. Output Voltage Swing vs. Load Resistance FM (Deg) FM BW 0 K 45 K K BW (MHz) C L (pf) Figure. Small Signal Phase Margin, Unity Gain Bandwidth vs. Load Capacitance 5

6 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC45/RC457 Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) I B, I OS (na) T A ( C) I B I OS CMRR (db) T A ( C) Figure. Input Bias, Offset Current vs. Temperature Figure. CMRR vs. Temperature Applications The RC45 and RC457 quad operational amplifiers can be used in almost any 74 application and will provide superior performance. The higher unity gain bandwidth and slew rate make it ideal for applications requiring good frequency response, such as active filter circuits, oscillators and audio amplifiers. The following applications have been selected to illustrate the advantages of using the Fairchild Semiconductor RC45 and RC457 quad operational amplifiers. Triangle and Square Wave Generator The circuit of Figure uses a positive feedback loop closed around a combined comparator and integrator. When power is applied the output of the comparator will switch to one of two states, to the maximum positive or maximum negative voltage. This applies a peak input signal to the integrator, and the integrator output will ramp either down or up, opposite of the input signal. When the integrator output (which is connected to the comparator input) reaches a threshold set by R and R, the comparator will switch to the opposite polarity. This cycle will repeat endlessly, the integrator charging positive then negative, and the comparator switching in a square wave fashion. The amplitude of V is adjusted by varying R. For best operation, it is recommended that R and VR be set to obtain a triangle wave at V with ±V amplitude. This will then allow A and A4 to be used for independent adjustment of output-offset and amplitude over a wide range. The triangle wave frequency is set by C0, R0, and the maximum output voltages of the comparator. A more symmetrical waveform can be generated by adding a back-to-back Zener diode pair as shown in Figure 4. An asymmetric triangle wave is needed in some applications. Adding diodes as shown by the dashed lines is a way to vary the positive and negative slopes independently. The frequency range can be very wide and the circuit will function well up to about khz. The square wave transition time at V is less than ms when using the RC45.

7 RC45/RC457 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION +V +5V -V (+) 0K K V 0.V R~ 45/57 A R 0K R 0K 5K V Square Wave Output 0K * R0 K 5 C0 45/57 B 7 V R 0K K R4 K 0K +5V /57 C -5V Amplitude Adjust V4 Triangle Wave Output Comparator Integrator * Optional asymmetric ramp slopes +5V -5V 5K 5K 45/57 D Output Offset 4 V Figure. Triangle and Square Wave Generator Figure 4. Triangle Generator Symmetrical Output Option Active Filters The introduction of low-cost quad op amps has had a strong impact on active filter design. The complex multiplefeedback, single op amp filter circuits have been rendered obsolete for most applications. State-variable active-filter circuits using three to four op amps per section offer many advantages over the single op amp circuits. They are relatively insensitive to the passive-component tolerances and variations. The Q, gain, and natural frequency can be independently adjusted. Hybrid construction is very practical because resistor and capacitor values are relatively low and the filter parameters are determined by resistance ratios rather than by single resistors. A generalized circuit diagram of the -pole state-variable active filter is shown in Figure 5. The particular input connections and component-values can be calculated for specific applications. An important feature of the state-variable filter is that it can be inverting or non-inverting and can simultaneously provide three outputs: lowpass, bandpass, and highpass. A notch filter can be realized by adding one summing op amp. The RC45 was designed and characterized for use in active filter circuits. Frequency response is fully specified with minimum values for unity-gain bandwidth, slew-rate, and full-power response. Maximum noise is specified. Output swing is excellent with no distortion or clipping. The RC45 provides full, undistorted response up to 0 khz and is ideal for use in high-performance audio and telecommunication equipment. In the state-variable filter circuit, one amplifier performs a summing function and the other two act as integrators. The choice of passive component values is arbitrary, but must be consistent with the amplifier operating range and input signal 7

8 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC45/RC457 R5 0K V V N R* R8* R4 K C 00 pf R** R** /57 45/57 5 A B C 00 pf 45/57 C 8 R7* R 0K V HP Highpass Ouput V BP Bandpass Output V LP Lowpass Output * Input connections are chosen for inverting or non-inverting response. Values of R,R7,R8 determine gain and Q. ** Values of R and R determine natural frequency Figure 5. -Pole State-Variable Active Filter characteristics. The values shown for C, C, R4, R5 and R are arbitrary. Pre-selecting their values will simplify the filter tuning procedures, but other values can be used if necessary. The generalized transfer function for the state-variable active filter is: Ts ( ) a s + a s+ a = s + b s+ b 0 Filter response is conventionally described in terms of a natural frequency w0 in radians/sec, and Q, the quality of the complex pole pair. The filter parameters w0 and Q relate to the coefficients in T(s) as: w 0 w 0 = b 0 and Q = b 0 The input configuration determines the polarity (inverting or non-inverting), and the output selection determines the type of filter response (lowpass, bandpass, or highpass). Notch and all-pass configurations can be implemented by adding another summing amplifier. Bandpass filters are of particular importance in audio and telecommunication equipment. A design approach to bandpass filters will be shown as an example of the state-variable configuration. Design Example Bandpass Filter For the bandpass active filter (Figure ) the input signal is applied through R to the inverting input of the summing amplifier and the output is taken from the first integrator (VBP). The summing amplifier will maintain equal voltage at the inverting and non-inverting inputs (see Equation ). RR5 RR4 R4R V R + R5 ( RR5 s ) V R + R4 ( HP R4 + R RR4 s ) V R4 + R5 LP R5 + R5 + R R4R5 s R7 + + ( ) + IN R + R4 + R R V ( + R7 s ) BP + R5 Equation. 8

9 RC45/RC457 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION R5 0K Set Center Frequency VIN Trim Gain and Q R R7 R4 K RC45/57 A R 0K R 5 C 00 pf 7 RC45/57 B R V BP 9 C 00 pf 8 RC45/57 C Figure. Bandpass Active Filter These equations can be combined to obtain the transfer function: V BP ( s) = V and RCS HP ( s) V LP ( s) = V RCS BP ( s) V BP ( s) = V IN ( s) R S R RC S R7 R æ + R7 R4 R ö è R5 Røè æ RCø ö R4 S æ ö + + æ ö èr5øèrcrcø Defining /RC as w, /RC as w, and substituting in the assigned values for R4, R5, and R, then the transfer function simplifies to: 4 V BP ( s) w R s = V IN ( s) S R w s w w R7 This is now in a convenient form to look at the centerfrequency w0 and filter Q. w 0 = 0.w w w 0 = 9 0.RR and (db) 0 - Q = 0.5 Q = Q =.0 Q = 5.0 Q = Q = 0 Q = Q = w w o w V w o Q BP = V IN w - + w w o Q w o Q = R w R Figure 7. Bandpass Transfer Characteristics Normalized for Unity Gain and Frequency The frequency responses for various values of Q are shown in Figure 7. 9

10 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC45/RC457 These equations suggest a tuning sequence where w is first trimmed via R or R, then Q is trimmed by varying R7 and/or R. An important advantage of the state-variable bandpass filter is that Q can be varied without affecting center frequency w0. This analysis has assumed ideal op amps operating within their linear range, which is a valid design approach for a reasonable range of w0 and Q. At extremes of w0 and at high values of Q, the op amp parameters become significant. A rigorous analysis is very complex, but some factors are particularly important in designing active filters.. The passive component values should be chosen such that all op amps are operating within their linear region for the anticipated range of input signals. Slew rate, output current rating, and common-mode input range must be considered. For the integrators, the current through the feedback capacitor (I = C dv/dt) should be included in the output current computations.. From the equation for Q, it should seem that infinite Q could be obtained by making R7 zero. But as R7 is made small, the Q becomes limited by the op amp gain at the frequency of interest. The effective closed-loop gain is being increased directly as R7 is made smaller, and the ratio of open-loop gain to closed-loop gain is becoming less. The gain and phase error of the filter at high Q is very dependent on the op amp open-loop gain at w0.. The attenuation at extremes of frequency is limited by the op amp gain and unity-gain bandwidth. For integrators, the finite open-loop op amp gain limits the accuracy at the low-end. The open-loop roll-off of gain limits the filter attenuation at high frequency. The RC45 quad operational amplifier has much better frequency response than a conventional 74 circuit and is ideal for active filter use. Natural frequencies of up to khz are readily achieved and up to 0 khz is practical for some configurations. Q can range up to 50 with very good accuracy and up to 500 with reasonable response. The extra gain of the RC45 at high frequencies gives the quad op amp an extra margin of performance in active-filter circuits. Schematic Diagram (/4 shown) (,,9,) Q R 4900 Q R9 Q (4) +V s - Input + Input (,5,,) Q4 Q5 0 R5 0K D Q Q Q Q5 R 0 R8 50 To Next Amplifier (,7,8,4) Outputs F Q7 Q C Q7 R7 0 Q Q8 Q9 Q Q4 D R R4 R 8K K K () -V s

11 RC45/RC457 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Mechanical Dimensions 4-Lead Ceramic DIP Package Symbol Inches Millimeters Min. Max. Min. Max. A Notes b b c D E e.0 BSC.54 BSC 5, 9 ea.00 BSC 7. BSC 7 L Q s a Notes:. Index area: a notch or a pin one identification mark shall be located adjacent to pin one. The manufacturer's identification shall not be used as pin one identification mark.. The minimum limit for dimension "b" may be.0 (.58mm) for leads number, 7, 8 and 4 only.. Dimension "Q" shall be measured from the seating plane to the base plane. 4. This dimension allows for off-center lid, meniscus and glass overrun. 5. The basic pin spacing is.0 (.54mm) between centerlines. Each pin centerline shall be located within ±.0 (.5mm) of its exact longitudinal position relative to pins and 4.. Applies to all four corners (leads number, 7, 8, and 4). 7. "ea" shall be measured at the center of the lead bends or at the centerline of the leads when "a" is All leads Increase maximum limit by.00 (.08mm) measured at the center of the flat, when lead finish applied. 9. Twelve spaces. D 7 NOTE E s 8 4 e ea A Q L a c b b

12 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC45/RC457 Mechanical Dimensions (continued) 4-Lead Plastic DIP Package Symbol Inches Millimeters Min. Max. Min. Max. A. 5. A.05.8 A B B C Notes D D.005. E E e.0 BSC.54 BSC eb.40.9 L N Notes:. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y4.5M-98.. "D" and "E" do not include mold flashing. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed.0 inch (0.5mm).. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only. 4. "C" dimension does not include solder finish thickness. 5. Symbol "N" is the maximum number of terminals. 7 D E D 8 4 e E A A L C B B eb

13 RC45/RC457 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Mechanical Dimensions (continued) 4-Lead SOIC Package Symbol Inches Millimeters Min. Max. Min. Max. A A B C D E e.050 BSC.7 BSC H h L N 4 4 a ccc Notes 5 Notes:. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y4.5M-98.. "D" and "E" do not include mold flash. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed.0 inch (0.5mm).. "L" is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate. 4. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only. 5. "C" dimension does not include solder finish thickness.. Symbol "N" is the maximum number of terminals. 4 8 E H 7 A D A a SEATING C e B PLANE LEAD COPLANARITY L ccc C h x 45 C

14 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION RC45/RC457 Ordering Information Product Number Temperature Range Screening Package Package Marking RC45N 0 to 70 C Commercial 4 Pin Plastic DIP RC45N RC457N 0 to 70 C Commercial 4 Pin Plastic DIP RC457N RC45M 0 to 70 C Commercial 4 Pin Wide SOIC RC45M RC457M 0 to 70 C Commercial 4 Pin Wide SOIC RC457M RM45D -55 C to +5 C Commercial 4 Pin Ceramic DIP RM45DM RM45D/88B -55 C to +5 C Military 4 Pin Ceramic DIP RM45DMB LIFE SUPPORT POLICY FAIRCHILD S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury of the user.. A critical component in any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. 7/8/98 0.0m 00 Stock#DS00045 Ó 998 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation

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