PI and Fuzzy DC Voltage Control For Wind Pumping System using a Self-Excited Induction Generator

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1 PI and Fuzzy DC Voltage Contol Fo Wind Pumping Sytem uing a Self-Excited Induction Geneato Rachid E AKHRIF, Ahmed ABBOU, Mohamed BARARA, Youef MAJDOUB and Noueddine SKIK Electic Engineeing Depatment, The Mohammadia School of Enginee Avenue Ibn Sina, B.P 765, Agdal, Rabat MOROCCO elakhif@gmail.com, abbou@emi.ac.ma, mohamed-baaa@hotmail.f, youef_maj@hotmail.com, noueddine.kik@gmail.com Abtact: - Self excited induction geneato ha become vey popula fo geneating powe fom enewable enegy ouce in iolated aea, Thei main diadvantage i poo voltage egulation unde vaying peed and load condition, Thi pape peent indiect vecto contol tategy uing DC voltage egulato popotional integal (PI), claical and Fuzzy, applied to the wind pomping ytem uing a Self-excited induction geneato (SEIG ), The compaion between the two method unde the ame condition i illutated by imulation. Key-Wod: Wind pumping ytem, DC moto pump, Self-excited Induction geneato, PI contolle, Fuzzy logic contolle. Intoduction The gowing demand of wate in ual zone and emote aea whee no electicity upply i available [] made that a gowing inteet i done to the utilization of enewable enegy a ouce fo pumping ytem. The popoed ytem will make ue of a clean enegy. Many type of geneato concept have been ued and popoed in pumping ytem. The Selfexcited induction geneato (SEIG) ae among the mot popula epecially in iolated aea, becaue they do not need an extenal upply to poduce the excitation magnetic field. The limitation of SEIG in autonomou ytem i the inability to contol the DC bu voltage and fequency with the vaiation in load and wind peed[2]. To eolve thi iue diffeent contol tategie have been adopted by diffeent eache: Indiect vecto contol and deadbeat cuent contol ued with a voltage ouce PWM convete [7], Space vecto pule width modulation technique in [6] and [9], a tato flux contol tategy i adopted in [8]. The eeach i oiented moe towad the application of moden contol technique, uch a fuzzy logic [0], the adaptive contol [], Univeal eaning Netwok[5], Atificial Neual Netwok[4], liding mode contol, etc. the popoed method peent many advantage ove the aleady teated appoache [3] in tem of maintaining the DC bu voltage depite vaiation in peed and opeation of the pumping ytem in good condition. In thi pape, a vecto contol ytem of the SEIG baed on an indiect oto field-oiented (IRFO) contol algoithm [2] i popoed to keep the DC voltage of wind pumping ytem contant fo all condition. The ytem include a SEIG a the pimay enegy ouce. The output of the SEIG i diectly connected to the IGBT convete which convet it to a DC voltage. the output voltage fed a DC moto coupled with a centifugal pump. Thi wok i oganized a follow: in a fit pat we peent the contol ytem topology and in the econd pat we compae two method of contol tategy: A cloed loop cheme employing a PI contolle and Fuzzy logic baed voltage contolle. Simulation eult ae dicued in ection fou. Finally a concluion eume the developed wok. 2 The popoed contol of elfexcited induction geneato The contol block diagam of the wind pumping ytem i hown in fig.. E-ISSN: Volume, 206

2 The following ection peent the mathematical model of the popoed ytem. 3 Modeling of the Contol Sytem Component 3. SEIG model In geneal, application of the vecto contol algoithm equie a dynamic SEIG model to be defined. Such model can be obtained by modification of the conventional dynamic model of an induction machine, a decibed in [2]. The conventional dynamic SEIG model, expeed in the aplace domain and uitable fo ue in MATAB Simulink, i decibed in the tationay efeence fame by the following t ode diffeential equation: i and ae the α-axi and β-axi component of the oto phae cuent pace-vecto; R and R ae the tato and oto eitance, epectively;, and m ae the tato inductance, the oto inductance and the magnetizing inductance, epectively; i the oto angula peed; i the total leakage facto; K i K and ae the α-axi and β-axi component of the voltage initially induced due to the eidual oto flux linkage. Fig. 2 how the conventional SEIG equivalent cicuit decibed by (). Fig.. The configuation of the popoed ytem i i i i 2 ( i m ( R i ( R i m ( R i m R i i 2 m i m i m i m R i m i R i R i m i m R i i u u u m u K m ) m K ) m K K () ) ) S i load M DC _ moto C i u R i m m i R + - whee: u and u ae the α-axi and β-axi component of the tato phae voltage pace-vecto; i i and ae the α-axi and β-axi component of the tato phae cuent pace-vecto; Fig. 2. The conventional SEIG equivalent cicuit in α-axi The DC link can be decibed by the following equation: u dc C t i i dt udc 0 (2) 0 dc load E-ISSN: Volume, 206

3 The elation between magnetizing inductance (m) and phae voltage fo induction machine wa obtained expeimentally taken fom efeence [3]. 3.4 Contol Algoithm We ue the ame contol algoithm popoed in [2]. It i hown in Fig Buck Convete Model The DC DC convete i a buck. It i ineted between the IGBT convete and the DC moto in ode to educe the DC voltage. One can define the buck gain K a the atio between the output and the input mean voltage o the input and output mean cuent when the conduction egime i continuou. So, if the chopping fequency i ufficiently highe, which i the cae at low powe level, one can eplace the convete with an equivalent pue gain model [4].By conideing the mean value of the electic quantitie ove a chopping peiod, on can wite: Vm K * udc (3) i K * im load 3.3 DC moto pump model The dynamic of a DC moto and centifugal pump peented in Fig.3, may be expeed a [5]: dim Vm Rmim m K e dt (4) d 2 J K mim K dt whee and J ae epectively the otation peed and the moment of inetia of the goup, K i the toque contant, M i the moto m inductance, R i the eitance of moto K i the coefficient of the popotionality and K i e the electomechanical coupling contant, i i m the cuent moto and V i the voltage moto. m im R M Fig. 4. Vecto contol algoithm The block diagam of the popoed contol ytem that conit of two pat DC Voltage Regulation with Conventional PI The coecto in the extenal contol loop of the IRFO contolle i ued to egulate DC ide voltage and to geneate magnitude of the efeence line cuent. The eo between the efeence and actual DC voltage i poceed by PI contolle (Fig.7) V dc V dc _ ef Fig. 5. Stuctue with claical PI PI i d Vm M pump DC Voltage Regulation with Fuzzy Contolle Fig. 3. Electical model of the DC moto In thi pape, we ae developed a fuzzy logic contolle which the block diagam i hown in fig. 6, whee the vaiable Kp, Ki and B ae ued to tune the contolle. E-ISSN: Volume, 206

4 univee i placed even tiangula membehip function (fig.7). It wa choen to et thee univee to nomalized type fo all of input and output. The ange of univee i et to - to. Fig. 6. PI Fuzzy contolle One poible initial ule bae, that can be ued in dive ytem fo a fuzzy logic contolle, conit of 49 linguitic ule, a hown in Table, and give the change of the output of fuzzy logic contolle in tem of two input: the eo (e) and change of eo (de). The membehip function of thee vaiable ae given in Fig.7: Fig. 7. Membehip function TABE.:Fuzzy Rule Bae e/de N NM NS ZR PS PM P P ZR PS PM P P P P PM NS ZR PS PM P P P PS NM NS ZR PS PM P P ZR N NM NS ZR PS PM P NS N N NM NS ZR PS PM NM N N N NM NS ZR PS N N N N N NM NS ZR In Table, the following fuzzy et ae ued: N negative lage, NM negative medium, NS negative mall, ZR zeo, PS poitive mall, PM poitive medium and P poitive lage. Fo example, it follow fom Table that the fit ule i: 4 Simulation Reult And Dicuion The imulation condition ae given in the appendix. In ode to demontate the effectivene of the popoed method, the contolled wind pumping ytem i teted when the ytem i ubjected to tep change in the wind peed at no-load and load condition. 4. Step Change In Wind Speed With No- oad The popoed ytem tat excitation poce fom capacito bank of 000μF and vaiation oto peed (Fig.8) 85 ad/, 220 ad/, 75 ad/ to 95 ad/ a hown in Fig.0, Fig., indicate the vaiation of the geneated DC cuent (idc), and tato voltage, It obeved that any vaiation in oto peed of the SEIG i diectly indicated by the vaiation in the teminal voltage and cuent of the geneato. Fig.9 how the imulation eult of the contol contant DC voltage technique ued claical PI and of the popoed method (fuzzy contolle) A mall peak in the DC bu voltage i obeved, but it ecove quickly due to the coective action of the PI contolle. The effectivene i vey emakable with the DC voltage fuzzy contol. We can ee that the ytem became moe table and moe obut than when the conventional PI egulato wa ued. in thi figue the ovehoot completely diappea without uing a filte and the epone time i educed. IF e i N and de i N then du i N The linguitic ule ae in the fom of IF- THEN ule and take fom: IF (e i X and de i Y) THEN (du i Z), whee X, Y, Z ae fuzzy ubet fo the univee of dicoue of the eo, change of eo and change of the output. Fo example, X can denote the ubet NEGATIVE ARGE of the eo etc. On evey of thee Fig. 8. Vaiation of oto peed (ad/). E-ISSN: Volume, 206

5 Fig. 2. Dc link voltage ued claical PI and fuzzy contolle duing application of load (DC moto) Fig. 9. Dc link voltage ued claical PI and fuzzy contolle duing vaiable oto peed Fig. 0. Fig. 3. Geneated DC cuent ued claical PI and fuzzy contolle duing application of load (DC moto) Geneated DC cuent ued claical PI and fuzzy contolle duing vaiable oto peed Fig.. Geneated tato phae voltage(va) duing vaiable oto peed Fig. 4. Geneated phae cuent ued claical PI and fuzzy contolle duing application of load (DC moto) 4.2 Step Change In Wind Speed With oad Condition At contant peed, and afte excitation we connect a DC-motoat t = 2 we, at t = 7 we chane peed (Fig.8). Fig. [2-7] how the imulation epone of the actual DC voltage, geneated DC cuent, efeence dq-axi tato cuent, cuent and peed of the DC moto obtained fo the fixed oto peed. It obeved that the intoduction of the DC moto i diectly indicated by the vaiation in the teminal voltage and cuent of the geneato. The eult confim geate obutne of the F contolle to load vaiation in compaion with the claical PI. E-ISSN: Fig Cuent of the DC moto Volume, 206

6 Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 9. Geneated DC cuent with load (DC moto) duing vaiable oto peed peed of the DC moto Simulation fo d-q-axi tato cuent Fig. 20. Geneated phae cuent with load (DC moto) duing vaiable oto peed Fig. 2. Cuent of the DC moto duing vaiable oto peed in Fig. [8-23] we obeve the epone of the DC voltage, geneated DC cuent, efeence dqaxi tato cuent, cuent and peed of the DC moto. we confim again that any vaiation in oto peed of the SEIG i diectly indicated by the vaiation in the teminal voltage and cuent of the geneato. alo the fuzzy logic contolle give a good pefomance compaatively to the claical PI contolle. Fig. 8. Dc link voltage with load (DC moto) duing vaiable oto peed Fig. 22. E-ISSN: peed of the DC moto duing vaiable oto peed Volume, 206

7 Fig Concluion Simulation fo d-q-axi tato cuent Thi pape i inteeting on the modeling and imulation of wind pumping ytem contolled by the vecto oiented contol, then the pefomance of the popoed F contolle wa invetigated and evaluated by compaion with the claical PI contolle. The analyi coveed athe wide ange of oto peed. The imulation eult howed that the developed F contolle offe good pefomance in tem of ovehoot/undehoot epone time, ettling time and obutne. Appendix: Induction machine paamete: Pn=.5 kw, p=2, Un=380 V, Y, In=3.8 A, Nn=39 pm, m = H, σ= H, σ= H, R=4.293 Ω, R=3.866 Ω (at 20 C), Ψn = Wb. DC moto-pump paamete: Vm=20 volt, Im=9.2A; J= Kg.m2; R=.5 Ω; M=0.2 H, Km= Nm.A-; K= Nm..ad- Ke= Nm..ad-. Refeence: [] Maco S. Mianda Renato O.C. ya and Selenio R. Silva, A Altenative Iolated Wind Electic Pumping Sytem Uing Induction Machine, IEEE Tanaction on Enegy conveion. 4(4): 6-66, 999. [2] M. Baaa, A. Abbou, M. Akheaz, A. Bennae, D. Taibi, Compaative Study of PI and Fuzzy DC Voltage Contol fo a Wind Enegy Conveion Sytem, Intenational Review on Modelling and Simulation (I.RE.MO.S.), Vol. 6, N. 2 Apil 203. [3] Mianda, M.S.; ya, R.O.C.; Silva, S.R, An altenative iolated wind electic pumping ytem uing induction machine, Enegy Conveion, IEEE Tanaction, On page(): 6-6 Volume: 44, Iue: 4, Dec 999. [4] K. Pemalatha, S. Sudha, Self-Excitation and Voltage Contol of an Induction Geneato in an Independent Wind Enegy Conveion Sytem, Intenational Jounal of Moden Engineeing Reeach (IJMER) Vol.2, Iue.2, Ma-Ap 202 pp [5] M. Bašić, D. Vukadinović, and M. Polić, Fuzzy ogic v. Claical PI Voltage Contolle fo a Self-Excited Induction Geneato, in Poc. 4th Eu. Conf. AMATHI, Dubovnik, 203, pp [6] Kaim H. Youef, Manal A. Wahba, Haan A. Youef and Oma. A. Sebakhy, A New Method fo Voltage and Fequency Contol of Stand-Alone Self- Excited Induction Geneato Uing PWM Convete with Vaiable DC link Voltage, 2008 Ameican Contol Confeence Wetin Seattle Hotel, Seattle, Wahington, USA June -3, 2008 [7] A. Abbou, M. Baaa, A. Ouchatti, M. Akheaz, h.mahmoudi, capacitance equied analyi fo elf-excited induction geneato, Jounal of Theoetical and Applied Infomation Technology, Vol. 55, No.3,pp , 203. [8] M.Bašić, D.Vukadinović, M.Polić, Fuzzy DC-Voltage Contolle fo a Vecto Contolled Stand-Alone Induction Geneato, Intenational Jounal Of Cicuit, Sytem And Signal Poceing, Iue 3, Volume 7, 203. [9] Ahmed Huein, Kotao Hiaawa, Jinglu Hu, Online Identification And Contol of A PV- Supplied DC Moto Uing Univeal eaning Netwok, ESANN '2003 poceeding - Euopean Sympoium on Atificial Neual Netwok Buge (Belgium), Apil 2003, d-ide publi., ISBN X, pp [0] Raja Singh Khela, K. S. Sandhu, ANN Model fo Etimation of Capacitance Requiement to maintain Contant Ai- Gap Voltage of Self-Excited Induction Geneato with Vaiable oad, IJCST Vol. 2, I ue 4, Oct. - Dec. 20 [] Mohamed Baaa, Ahemd Abbou, Mohammed Akheaz and abdeahim Bennaa, Modeling and Contol Voltage of Wind Pumping Sytem uing a Self Excited Induction Geneato, Intenational Jounal on Electical Engineeing and E-ISSN: Volume, 206

8 Infomatic - Volume 5, Numbe 2, June 203. [2] Mohamed Baaa, Ahemd Abbou, Mohammed Akheaz and abdeahim Bennaa, Modeling and Contol Voltage of Wind Pumping Sytem uing a Self Excited Induction Geneato, Intenational Jounal on Electical Engineeing and Infomatic - Volume 5, Numbe 2, June 203. [3] Raja Singh Khela, K. S. Sandhu, ANN Model fo Etimation of Capacitance Requiement to maintain Contant Ai- Gap Voltage of Self-Excited Induction Geneato with Vaiable oad, IJCST Vol. 2, I ue 4, Oct. - Dec. 20 [4] Ahmed Huein, Kotao Hiaawa, Jinglu Hu, Online Identification And Contol of A PV- Supplied DC Moto Uing Univeal eaning Netwok, ESANN '2003 poceeding - Euopean Sympoium on Atificial Neual Netwok Buge (Belgium), Apil 2003, d-ide publi., ISBN X, pp E-ISSN: Volume, 206

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