A Novel Model-Based Predictive Direct Power Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

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1 Intenational Jounal of Compute an Electical Engineeing, Vol. 4, No. 4, Augut 0 A Novel Moel-Bae Peictive Diect Powe Contol of Doubly-Fe Inuction Geneato Alieza Nazai an Hoein Heyai, Membe, IACSI Abtact hi pape popoe a novel moel-bae peictive contolle fo iect powe contol of oubly fe inuction geneato (DFIG). In thi pape, a contol law bae-on the tate-pace moel i ecibe to compenate an egulate the iffeence between the output active an eactive powe of tato of DFIG that i in inteaction with the netwo. he intantaneou eo of active an eactive powe of DFIG i eliminate with the conieation of the fact that no exta cuent contol loop i neee an alo no ynchonou tanfomation i being hel. Moeove, contant witching fequency i achieve an the tanient epone of the contolle ytem i impove. Simulation eult on a MW-DFIG ae povie uing Matlab/Simulin to pove thee claim. Inex em Doubly fe inuction geneato (DFIG), Diect Powe Contol (DPC), Moel-bae peictive contol, anient pefomance, Contant witching fequency. I. INRODUCION Compae with fixe pee inuction geneato ue in win powe geneation ytem, oubly-fe inuction geneato (DFIG) offe a numbe of meit uch a maximum win- enegy captuing, fou-quaant active an eactive powe egulation, low convete cot an euce powe loe, all of which mae DFIG become the mot popula olution fo win-enegy utilization. A chematic of a DFIG-bae win enegy geneation ytem i hown in Fig.. Contol of DFIG win tubine ytem i uimentaily bae on eithe tato flux-oiente [], [] o tato-voltageoiente vecto contol [], [4]. hi metho ecouple the oto cuent into active an eactive powe component. Contol of the active an eactive powe i achieve with a oto cuent contolle. One main awbac of thi ytem i that it pefomance epen highly on accuate machine paamete uch a tato, oto eitance, an inuctance. he next geneation of powe contol metho i iect toque contol (DC) [5], [6]. DC egae the ue of machine paamete an euce the complexity of vecto contol algoithm. he DC metho iectly contol machine toque an flux by electing voltage vecto fom a loo-up-table uing the tato flux an toque infomation. One poblem with the baic DC cheme i that it pefomance eteioate uing tating an low-pee opeation. Bae on the pinciple of DC tategy, iect powe contol (DPC) wa evelope fo thee-phae pule wih Manucipt eceive June 5, 0; evie July 4, 0. Alieza Nazai i with High Voltage Lab.-Ian Uni of Sci an ech.- Univeity St.-Hengam Avenue.-Realat Squae, Ian ( nazai@elec.iut.ac.i) moulation (PWM) ectifie [7] [9]. Convete witching tate wee electe fom an optimal witching table bae on intantaneou eo of active an eactive powe an the angula poition of convete teminal voltage vecto [7],[8], o vitual flux that i the integation of the convete output voltage[9]. Moe ecently, DPC contol of DFIGbae win tubine ytem ha been popoe. Bae on the pinciple of DC tategy, iect powe contol (DPC) wa evelope fo thee-phae pule wih moulation (PWM) ectifie [0] []. Convete witching tate wee electe fom an optimal witching table bae on intantaneou eo of active an eactive powe an the angula poition of convete teminal voltage vecto [0],[], o vitual flux that i the integation of the convete output voltage []. Moe ecently, DPC contol of DFIG-bae win tubine ytem ha been popoe [], [4]. In [], the contol ytem wa bae on the etimate oto flux. Switching vecto wee electe fom the optimal witching table uing the etimate oto flux poition, an the eo of the oto flux an the active powe/toque. he oto flux efeence wa calculate uing the eactive powe/ powe facto efeence. Since the oto upply fequency, which equal the DFIG lip fequency, can become vey low, oto flux etimation i ignificantly affecte by the machine paamete vaiation. In [4], a DPC tategy bae on the etimate tato flux wa popoe. Since the tato (netwo) voltage i elatively hamonic-fee with fixe fequency, a DFIG etimate tato flux accuacy can be guaantee. Switching vecto wee electe fom the optimal witching table uing the etimate tato flux poition, an the eo of the active powe an eactive powe. hu, the contol ytem i vey imple, an the machine paamete impact on ytem pefomance wa foun to be negligible. Howeve a conventional DPC ha witching fequency that vaie ignificantly with active an eactive powe vaiation, machine opeating pee(oto lip), an the powe contolle hyteei banwih [], [4]. In [5], the metho peict the DFIG tato active an eactive powe vaiation within a fixe ampling peio, which i ue to iectly calculate the equie oto voltage to eliminate the powe eo at the en of the following ampling peio. hi metho iectly contol the active powe an the eactive powe of the DFIM at contant witching fequency. Alo, it ha ome pivilege to the othe DPC; uch a impovement of tanient pefomance, negligible paamete effect on ytem pefomance an it goo ynamic epone. In thi pape, a novel moel-bae peictive iect powe contol (MBPDPC) i popoe to achieve a contant witch fequency an to impove ytem tanient behavio. he pape i oganize a follow. Section II epict a 49

2 Intenational Jounal of Compute an Electical Engineeing, Vol. 4, No. 4, Augut 0 etaile moel of DFIG. Section III give a etaile view of popoe iect powe contol of DFIG. Simulation eult fo a MW DFIG geneation ytem ae peente in ection IV. At lat, concluion ae eveale in ection V. II. DFIG DEAILED MODEL AND DPC A. DFIG Moel he mathematical moel of the DFIG ue in thi pape i peente hee uing the -q ynchonou efeence fame. he equation fo the tato an oto wining can be witten a [6]: u u u u q q R i S R i S R i R i q q q q w w w w he -q ynchonou efeence fame equation of the tato flux an oto may be witten alo a: q L i S L i q q L i q q L i m L i m L i m q m q L i L i By ubtituting () an (4) in () an () it i poible to obtain a tate pace moel bae on the cuent component. he electomagnetic toque, the active an eactive powe equation at the tato wining may be witten a: q () () () (4) e p ( qi iq ) (5) P ( vi vqiq ) (6) Q ( vqi viq ) (7) w J Bw mec e (8) he fifth oe moel of the DFIG i coniting of equation (), () an (8). B. DFIG Active an Reactive Powe Flow A hown below by ubtituting () an () into () eult in the tato active powe input an eactive powe output a. ( ). P jw I [ ( ) ].( Lm j w w jw ) L L L (9) [ ].( Lm jw ) L L L [ L. m jw ] LL he above equation can be expee a m LL (0) L P w in () whee θ = θ θ i the angle between the oto an tato flux linage vecto. Similaly, ubtituting () an () into (4) eult in the DFIG output eactive powe a. ( ) Q jw I [ ( ) ] ( Lm j w w jw ) L L L () ( ) ( Lm jw ) L L L w L [( ) ( )] j m L L he above equation can be expee a m L L () w L Q ( co ) (4) Fig.. Equivalent cicuit of DFIG he ytem ynamic, neglecting the fiction lo, i given by (8): III. PROPOSED MODEL-BASED PREDICIVE DIREC POWER CONROL he pinciple of the popoe MBPDPC metho involve both to iectly calculate equie oto voltage ove a fixe ampling peio an to eign a moel to chooe effectively fom thee voltage vecto in oe to appoach the active an eactive powe efeence limit. he moel bae peictive contol conit of two main element: the moel of the ytem to be contolle an optimize which etemine optimal futue contol action. he moel i ue to peict the futue behavio of the ytem with the contol law obtaine by optimizing a cot 494

3 Intenational Jounal of Compute an Electical Engineeing, Vol. 4, No. 4, Augut 0 function that conie the effot neceay fo contol an the iffeence between the output peicte an the actual efeence value. he eceing-hoizon pinciple i ue o that the fit element of the optimal equence i applie. In any given plant, new meauement ae mae fo each ucceeing ample, an the poceue ae then epeate. hee ae vaiou MBPC technique fo output peiction by uing the tate pace moel o the tanfe function of the ytem [8], [9]. In thi pape, the output peiction i eive fom the tanfe function moel an the tep ae a follow: ) Wite out the iffeence equation (.4) fo the next n y ampling intant. y A y... A y b u b u... b u n n n n y A y... A y b u b u... b u... n n n n y... A y b u... b u ny n n ny ny n ny n (5) ) hee can be place in the following compact matix/vecto fom: 7) Note that the pefomance inex i quaatic (an alway poitive) an hence ha a unique minimum which theefoe can be locate by etting the fit eivative to zeo: J ( H H I) u H [ Pu Q y ] u () J 0 u ( H H I) H [ P y Qu] u 8) he GPC contol law i efine by the fit element of u u e u () e = [I, 0, ] ( ) [ ] u e H H I H Py Qu (4) o um up, the computation (4.4) i ecalculate at each ampling intant an theefoe the contol law i: whee u P N y D u (5) P e ( H H I) H N e ( H H I) H P D e ( H H I) H Q (6) he iagam of the MBPDPC applie to iect powe contol i hown in Figue. MBPDPC algoithm geneate the oto voltage that allow the active an eactive powe convegence to thei epective commane value. he convete that i connecte to the gi contol the voltage of the DC lin. he eie oto voltage in the ynchonou efeence fame geneate witching ignal fo the oto ie uing PWM moulation. ) Output peiction, with =, ae given by: (6) y C A [ C zb u H u H y zb A ] (7) Fo convenience one may wih to peent it a: y Hu Pu Qu (8) 4) Define the vecto fomulation of the cot[8]: (9) J y u 5) Subtitute y fom eqn.(.5) into (4.9): J Hu Pu Qu u (0) Note that H i tall an thin to tae account of the fact that u + i = 0, i n u. 6) Contain tem that o not epen upon u an hence can be ignoe. min J u ( H H I) u u H [ Pu Qy ] u () IV. SIMULAION RESULS Simulation of the popoe contol tategy fo a DFIGbae geneation ytem wa caie out uing Matlab/Simulin an Fig. how the chematic iagam of the ytem implemente. he DFIG i ate at MW an it paamete ae given in the Appenix B. he nominal c lin voltage i et at 00V an the c capacitance i 6000 µf. A imple RC filte i connecte to the tato to abob the witching hamonic geneate by the convete. he oto ie convete i ue to contol the DFIG tato active an eactive powe bae on the popoe DPC tategy. he main objective of the gi ie convete i to maintain a contant c lin voltage an it i contolle uing a imila metho a the c voltage contolle in a VSC anmiion ytem [0] an the hunt convete in an UPFC []. Fit, the geneato wavefom of tato voltage, tato cuent ae hown in Fig.4 (a), (b), gaine. It how u the obutne an effectivene of the popoe contol metho which o not affect the ultimate an the tajectoy of tato cuent an voltage pecta uing both teay tate an tanient pefomance. Moeove, in Fig4(c), the DC lin voltage of the capacito which i tate contant i hown. 495

4 Intenational Jounal of Compute an Electical Engineeing, Vol. 4, No. 4, Augut 0 A een in thi plot, it conie the contant 00 V an the contolle o it job a well. Compaing Fig.5 (A) with Fig.5 (B), thee i haly any iffeence an even the impovement i een, the ytem maintain upeb pefomance une both teay tate an tanient conition. hi i futhe pove in Fig.6, which compae the eactive powe wavefom of both the conventional DPC an the popoe MBPDPC. All in all, both the quality of the teay-tate behavio an the tanient epone capacitie ae achieve with the peictive DPC tategy compae to a conventional DPC technique. o futhe compae the pefomance of the popoe MBPDPC with the conventional DPC, Fig.7, give the tato an oto cuent hamonic pecta with P =0 W an Q =5 Va fo iffeent contol tategie. Obviouly, conventional DPC eult in highe tato cuent hamonic itotion than the popoe one. Beie, the conventional DPC eult in boa ban hamonic pecta, wheea MBPDPC pouce imila eteminitic hamonic a VC with ominant hamonic aoun the Hz witching fequency an multiple theeof. hu, it can be conclue fom the eult that the popoe DPC pove enhance tanient pefomance imila to the DPC, an meanwhile eep the teay-tate hamonic pecta at the ame level a the claic VC ue to the ue of moel-bae technique a hown in Fig.7. Fig. 4. he geneato wavefom: (a) tato voltage, (b) tato cuent, (c) DC lin voltage Fig.. A Schematic iagam of MBPDPC Fig. 5. Compaion of active powe between the MBPDPC an conventional DPC uing mall-ouce hamonic itotion (5th:0.5%, 7th:0.4%). (A) Common DPC, (B) popoe MBPDPC. Fig.. Schematic iagam of the imulate ytem V. CONCLUSIONS hi pape ha popoe a new DPC fo gi connecte DFIG ytem bae on moel-bae peictive contol appoach. Simulation eult on a -MW gi-connecte DFIG ytem have been povie an compae with conventional DPC. he main featue of the popoe moel-bae peictive DPC tategy ae a follow. 496

5 Intenational Jounal of Compute an Electical Engineeing, Vol. 4, No. 4, Augut 0 ) Steay-tate tato an oto cuent hamonic pecta ae ept at the ame level a the claic VC tategy ue to the ue of moelbae peictive contol technique Fig. 7. Stato cuent pecta, P =.5 W, Q =.0 va. A) RF-DPC B) MPDPC. Fig. 6. Compaion of eactive powe between the MBPDPC an conventional DPC uing mall-ouce hamonic itotion (5th:0.5%, 7th:0.4%). (A) Common DPC, (B) popoe MBPDPC ABLE I: PARAMEERS OF HE SIMULAED DFIG Rate powe Stato voltage DC lin voltage MW 690V 00V Stato/oto tun atio 0.8 Lumpe inetia contant 0. Numbe of pole pai R R L m L l L l 0.008pu 0.0pu (efee to the tato).6pu 0.0pu 0.pu (efee to the tato) ) No ynchonou cooinate tanfomation an angula infomation of gi voltage o tato flux ae equie. ) Enhance tanient pefomance imila to the conventional DPC i obtaine. REFERENCES [] W. Leonha, Contol of Electical Dive. Lonon, U.K. Spinge, 00. [] R. Pena, J. C. Clae, an G. M. Ahe, Doubly fe inuction geneato uing bac-to-bac PWM convete an it application to vaiable-pee win-enegy geneation, Int. Elect. Eng. Poc. Elect, Powe Appl, vol. 4, no., pp. 4, 996. [] H. Aagi an H. Sato, Contol an pefomance of a oubly-fe inuction machine intene fo a flywheel enegy toage ytem, IEEE an. Powe Electon, vol.7, no., pp.09 6, Jan.00. [4] R. W. D. Donce, S. Mulle, an M. Deice, Doubly fe inuction geneato ytem fo win tubine, IEEE In. Appl. Mag, vol. 8, no., pp. 6, May/Jun.00. [5] I. aahahi an.noguchi, A new quic-epone an highefficiency contol tategy of an inuction moto, Int. Elect. Eng. an. In. Appl, vol., no. 5, pp , 986. [6] M. Depenboc, Diect elf-contol (DSC) of invete-fe inuction machine, IEEE an. Powe Electon, vol., no. 4, pp , 988. [7]. Noguchi, H. omii, S. Kono, an I. aahahi, Diect powe contol of PWM convete without powe-ouce voltage eno, IEEE an. In.Appl, vol. 4, no., pp , 998. [8] G. Ecoba, A. M. Stanovic, J. M. Caaco, E. Galvan, an R. Otega, Analyi an eign of iect powe contol (DPC) fo a thee phae ynchonou ectifie via output egulation ubpace, IEEE an. Powe Electon, vol.8, no., pp. 8 80, May 00. [9] M. Malinowi, M. P. Kazmieowi, S. Hanen, F. Blaabjeg, an G. D. Maque, Vitual-flux-bae iect powe contol of theephae PWM ectifie, IEEE an. In. Appl, vol. 7, no. 4, pp.09 07, 00. [0]. Noguchi, H. omii, S. Kono, an I. aahahi, Diect powe contol of PWM convete without powe-ouce voltage eno, IEEE an. In. Appl, vol. 4, no., pp , May/Jun.998. [] G. Ecoba, A. M. Stanovic, J. M. Caaco, E. Galvan, an R. Otega, Analyi an eign of iect powe contol (DPC) fo a thee phae ynchonou ectifie via output egulation ubpace, IEEE an. Powe Electon, vol. 8, no., pp. 8 80, May00. [] M. Malinowi, M. P. Kazmieowi, S. Hanen, F. Blaabjeg, an G. D. Maque, Vitual-flux-bae iect powe contol of theephae PWM ectifie, IEEE an. In. Appl, vol. 7, no. 4, pp , Jul./ Aug. 00. [] K. P. Gohale, D. W. Kaae, an S. J. Heiila, Contolle fo a woun oto lip ing inuction machine, U. S. Patent B, Sep

6 Intenational Jounal of Compute an Electical Engineeing, Vol. 4, No. 4, Augut 0 [4] L. Xu an P. Cat wight, Diect active an eactive powe contol of DFIG fo win enegy geneation, IEEE an. Enegy Conve, vol., no., pp , Sep.006. [5] H. Aagi, Y. Kanazawa, an A. Nabae, Genealize theoy of the intantaneou eactive powe in thee-phae cicuit, in Poc. Int. Powe Electon. Conf, 98, pp [6]. Acemann, Win Powe in Powe Sytem, New Yo, UK: Wiley, 005. [7] H. S. KO, Supevioy voltage contol cheme fo gi connecte win fam, Ph. D. ietation, Dept Elect. Comput. Eng, Univ. Bitih Columbia, Vancouve, BC, Canaa, 006. [8] J. A. Roite, Moel bae peictive contol- A Pactical Appoach. CRC Pe, 00. [9] E. S. De Santana, E. Bim, an W. C. o Amaal, Apeictive algoithm fo contolling pee an oto flux of inuction moto, IEEE anaction on Inutial Electonic, vol. 55, no., pp , Decembe 008. [0] J. L. homa, S. Poullain, an A. Benchaib, Analyi of a obut DC bu voltage contol ytem fo a VSC- tanmiion cheme, in Poc. IEE 7 th Int. Conf. AC-DC Powe anmiion, Nov. 8 0, 00, pp [] L. Xuan an V. G. Agelii, Flying capacity o multi level PWM convete bae UPFC, in Poc. Int. Elect. Eng. B, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 04 0, Jul

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