Index. BaF 2 crystal 41 biochemical sensor 7, 316, ,
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1 Index acousto-optic effect air bandedge 35, 266 air gap 188, 197, 224, air holes 16 17, 52 53, 55, 64, 189, 192, , , 245, , , , , , air pores 189, 268 air voids all-dielectric photonic crystal 31, 34, 47, 49 all-optical logic flip-flop all-optical switching effect 151, 157, 159, , 174, 176, 195, 199, 201 applications all-optical switching 212 integration 230, 346 optical 81, 131 terahertz frequency 240 average transmittance 35 36, 235, BaF 2 crystal 41 biochemical sensor 7, 316, , Cantor multilayer 39 capillary condensation 190, 210 ceramic materials 101 CFC see constant frequency contour cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) , 301 3, 305 7, 315, 317 cladding layer 282, 298 CLC see Cholesteric liquid crystals colloidal crystals 11, , 121, 128, , , 316 colloidal microspheres colloidal nanospheres , , , 128 colloidal photonic crystal laser colloidal suspension 122, , 128, 294 complete photonic bandgap 2, 5, 18, 60, 62 66, 74, 105, 108 9, 127, 140 composite material structures 178 constant frequency contour (CFC) 41, contours, equal-frequency 325 coupling contra-directional 222 waveguide-microcavity crystallographic orientation 121 DBR see distributed Bragg reflection defect layer 78, , 165, 191, 220, , 278, 304 nonlinear defect mode lasing 315, 317
2 348 Index defect mode shift mechanism 148, defect mode shift method defect mode shifts 163, 165, 173, 193, 219, 304 defect modes 4, 23, , , , , 203 4, , , , , , , , 304 defect rods 160 defects acceptor-type twist , 315 destructive interference 15, 20, 23, 25, 223, 227, , dichromate gelatin emulsions 108, 140, dielectric bandedge 35, 199, 266 dielectric cylinder 49, 69 dielectric function 14, 16, 18, 20, 31, 43, 60, 233 dielectric layers 14 15, 31, 33 35, 38 39, 41 42, 75, 165, , 185 dielectric materials 13 14, 16 17, 19 20, 27, 31 32, 34, 38, 42, 52, 65, 93, 99, 101, 105, 149 dispersion properties of 15, 17 dielectric periodicity 14 16, 18 dielectric rods 16 17, 94, 133, 135, 323, distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) 266, 280 distributed feedback mechanism donor-type defect 219, 246 effective plasma frequency theory 33 electric field distribution 62, 153, , 160, , 182, 186, 197, 218, 248, , 334, 336, 338 electrochemical etching 78, 80, electron-beam lithography method 84 85, 91, 93, 103 environmental refractive index 337, 339 equifrequency curve variation method equifrequency surface curves Fano resonance , 211 femtosecond lasers 83, 101 2, 131, 136, 138 femtosecond pump , 176, 195, 201, 246 FIB see focused ion beam Fibonacci multilayer 39 fluid sensor 7, focused ion beam (FIB) 78, 84, 116, , 166, , 195, 244, 261 gain medium 6, , 267, , 273, 276, , , 293, 296, , 334 gas sensor 7, , 346 glass substrates 37, , 186 gravity sedimentation method 118, 123, Green function method 25, 44, 46 guided modes , 276, 282, 334, 338 guided resonance effect 241,
3 Index 349 heterostructure, metal-dielectric 181 hexagonal lattice 85, 103, 160 high-quality photonic crystal samples 3 5, 150 fabrication of 3, 5 holographic lithography method 84, 89 90, 98, 103 5, , 112, 114 phase-controlled 83 traditional holographic polymer 105, 139 icosahedral quasicrystals 107, InGaAsP quantum well material 267, , 273, , 334 integrated photonic devices 1, 3 4, 6 7, 14, 18, 47, 49, 77, 147, 177, 195, 215, 244, 263 realization of 3 4, 77 ion-beam etching 85 86, 91 laser beams, femtosecond 93 94, 96, 98, laser emission , 268, , , 279, , , 296, 299, 301 2, 304, 306 7, 310, 313, 315 laser oscillation , 270, , 279, 282, 284, 286, 294, 300, 302 laser oscillation mode 266 laser radiations , 296 lattice constant 19, 24 25, 37, 82, 85 87, 101, 112, , , , , , , , lattice defect 3 4, 118, 123, 152, 161, 197 layer spacing layered composite structures 179 line defect 117, 152, , 195, 197, 216, 232, , 282, 326, 333 line defect waveguide 270, , line defect waveguide microcavity 281, 283 liquid crystal ferroelectric 301 infiltration of 57 negative dielectric anisotropy 305 polymer-dispersed 303 polymeric cholesteric 293, 315 refractive index of 57, 301, 303 liquid crystal defect layer 304 5, 317 liquid crystal material 165, 186, 240 dispersed 105 liquid crystal molecules , 279, 291, 300 liquid crystal photonic crystal 186, 301, 303 logic gate, all-optical , 323, 325, 327 Maxwell equations 20, 25, 35, 61, 75 MBE see molecular beam epitaxy metal-dielectric multilayer structure , , 210 metallic lugs metallodielectric gratings 40, 68
4 350 Index microcavity mode shift 191, , 341 microcavity photon lifetime microcavity resonant mode , 270 microexplosion 99, 101, 103 microfabrication 136 molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) 5, 234 nanoimprint lithography 87 88, 134 nanopolymer nanospheres 120, , 189 narrow-band photonic crystal filter 216 nonlinear frequency conversion nonlinear photonic crystal microcavity 152, 158 nonlinearity enhancement 179, one-dimensional metallodielectric photonic crystals, applications of 40 optical nonlinearity 155, 167, 170, , 189, 195, 205 7, 212 optical parameter amplifier 170, 172 optical susceptibility, third-order nonlinear 180, optical waveguide 65, , , , , 236, 323, 338 organic conjugated polymer materials 167, 177, 194 organic photonic crystal laser phase mask 104, , 141 multidimensional two-dimensional 112, 114 photoinitiators 90, 105, , 303 photon confinement 65, 246, 248, photon confinement effect 4, 246, 248, 272, 276, 282 photon localization effect, strong , 155, 160 photonic band structures 2 4, 7, 23, 33, 43, 46 47, 49 50, 61 63, 72, , 266, 302 photonic bandedge laser , 268, 317 photonic bandedge mode 155, 265 photonic bandedges 6, 23, 38, 42, 50, , , , 270, 281, 298, photonic bandgap 2 4, 13 21, 23 25, 27 32, 36 38, 56 57, , , , , , , , , complete three-dimensional complete two-dimensional fundamental 24, 27, 64, 103, 266 photonic bandgap microcavity 158, 195, 197, 199, 261, , photonic bandgap properties 27, 34, 333 photonic bandgap shift mechanism , 152 photonic bandgap shifts 29 30, 37, , , 169, 213, 296, photonic crystal, fundamental principles of 3 photonic crystal bandgap shift
5 Index 351 photonic crystal fiber 244 photonic crystal filter 3, 6 7, , , 233, 235, 237, , , , 262 configuration of 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 231, 233, 235, 237 five-channel 226 multichannel , 229, 232 silicon 217, 219 single-channel , 224, 241 surface-emitting tunable metallic 240, 260 photonic crystal heterostructure 63, 163, 207, 223, 228, 232, 275, 312 photonic crystal heterostructure microcavity 275 photonic crystal laser 3, 6, , , 294, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304 6, , 312, 314, 316 tunable liquid crystal 301 photonic crystal laser devices 287, 289 photonic crystal line defect waveguide photonic crystal line defect waveguide microcavity laser 283 photonic crystal logic devices 6, , 322, 324, 326, 328, 330 photonic crystal microcavities high quality factor 191, 341 identical 6, 338 one-dimensional 154, 191 quasiperiodic 276, 312 photonic crystal microcavity 4, 6, , , 187, , , 223, 239, 242, , 329, , , photonic crystal microcavity laser 264, , 278, 312, 317, 335 photonic crystal microcavity modes 6, 158, 185 photonic crystal optical switching 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191 photonic crystal sensors 6 7, , 336, 338, 340, 342, 344, 346 photonic crystal slab superlens 48 49, photonic crystal slabs, single 239, 241, 258 photonic crystal waveguides 10, 156, , , , 193, , 218, 226, 237, 264, 313, , , parallel placed 220, 222 silicon , 192 photonic crystals application of 1, 4 6, 18 chirped circular spiral CLC colloidal 90, 121, , 164, , 296 composite 195, 199 configuration of 14 15, 17 defect-free 10, 117, 265 dielectric fabrication of 2, 4 5, 9, 131, , 144 fabrication technique of 77 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106 fundamental properties of 13 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 high-quality colloidal 124
6 352 Index holographic fabrication of threedimensional honeycomb 90, linear chirped 82 low-power 167, 185, 194, 213 metal 3, 60, 232 metallic 56 59, 71, 165, 232, 240, 260 metallodielectric 31, 33 39, 41 43, 67, 71, 180, 235, microstrip 232, 256 nanocomposite 200 nonlinear 8, 69, 147, 189, 202 3, 205, 320, 330 one-dimensional 5, 14 16, 23, 25 29, 31, 41, 77 81, 83, , , , 191, , , one-dimensional all-dielectric 27, 31 32, 36 one-dimensional metallicdielectric one-dimensional metallodielectric 31 34, 37 43, 235 one-dimensional SiO 2 /TiO 2 78 perturbed one-dimensional 228 polystyrene 120, 170, 172 quasiperiodic , 265, 277 semiconductor 161, 189, 271, 273, 282 slanted pore 63 64, 98 99, 137 square spiral 63, 73 three-dimensional 2, 5, 9 10, 18 19, 60 65, 72, 90 93, 95, , 123, 125, , , , three-dimensional colloidal 5, 118, 120, 122, 125, 296 three-dimensional layer-by-layer 11, three-dimensional polymer 92, 96, 131, 136 three-dimensional silicon 91 92, 96, 168 three-dimensional spiral 109 triangular lattice , 283, 337 truncated 207, tunable metallic 57, 71 two-dimensional 16 18, 43 45, 47, 49, 51, 64, 66, 70 71, 84 87, 89, , 173, 261, , 330 two-dimensional all-dielectric two-dimensional metallic two-dimensional metallodielectric 287 two-dimensional organic 5, 204, 261 two-dimensional PMMA 85 two-dimensional polystyrene two-dimensional quasiperiodic 276 two-dimensional SiO two-dimensional tungsten unchirped 82 unique properties of 3 4 photonic materials 13, 177 artificial 13 14, 56 photonic quasicrystals 5, 64, 107 8, 134, 268 three-dimensional two-dimensional 74, 89, 132, 134, 268 photonic technology, integrated 1, 13, 149 photoresist 83, 93, 96 97, 103, 110, , 118 plane-wave expansion method 4, PLD see pulsed laser deposition PMMA see polymethylmethacrylate
7 Index 353 point defect 126, 152, , , 223, 226, 243, 255, , 279, , 313 polymer materials 102, 244 organic 5, 101 polymerization, multiple-photon 93, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 80, 85, 92, 278 polystyrene 118, 128, 145, 170, 195, 199, 205, 244, 247, 250 polystyrene nanospheres 118, , 126, 128, 176 polystyrene opal 128, 145, , 176, 204, 297 polystyrene waveguide 173, 197 porous silicon layers 83 porous silicon photonic crystal 340 porous silicon superlattice 190 pulsed laser deposition (PLD) 5 pump laser 161, , 201, 271, 289 quantum wells reflectance 23 24, 26 refractive index units (RIU) 338 resonant frequency 3, 14, 32, 149, , , 161, 194, 216, , , 232, 239, , 334 degenerate resonant tunneling effect 32, 222, , 230, 237 RIU see refractive index units semiconductor materials 1, 13 14, 161, 167, 267 semiconductor quantum dots 8, 63, 65 66, , 194, 264 silicon 52, 59, 81, 84, 96, , 134, 137, 142, , 175, , 204, 211, 256 amorphous 168, silicon nanowire 342 silicon nanowire arrays 342 silicon output waveguide 283 silicon substrates 82, 85 silicon waveguide 203, 217, 283 silver 31 32, 34, 42, 179 SiO , 78, 85, 92, 96, 127, 165, 174, 180, 184, 220, 235, 243, 286, SiO 2 opal 168, 175, , SnO 2 porous material sol-gel method 5, 78 79, 131 SPP see surface plasmon polaritons SPR see surface plasmon resonance superlens 41, all-dielectric photonic crystal slab 51 52, 55, 71 surface-emitting lasers 280, 309, 312, 314 vertical-cavity 279, 307, 312 surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) 3, 31, 40 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 183 surface plasmons 59, 67 68, , 142 surface wave microcavity 224, 339 switching efficiency , 175, 188, 192, 194, 201 self-collimation effect semiconductor crystal 22 three-dimensional photonic crystals, fabrication of 2,
8 354 Index 100, 102 3, , 118, 128, 136, 140 TiO , 78, 127, 278, 305, 340 TMM see transfer matrix method TPA see two-photon absorption transfer matrix method (TMM) 4, 25 30, transmittance contrast 29 30, 165, 167, 170, 248, 251 transmittance spectra 30, 36 37, 101 tunability, all-optical 246, 249, 251, 260 tunable negative refraction 49, 51, 70 tunable photonic crystal filter , 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, , 254, 256, 258 tunable photonic crystal laser , 297, 299, 301, 303, 305, 317 two-dimensional InAsP photonic crystal line defect waveguide laser 282 two-dimensional InP photonic crystal 87 88, 281 two-dimensional photonic crystal filter , 250 two-dimensional photonic crystal heterostructure 230 two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavity 192, 195 two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs 18, 70, 225, 227, , 253, 257 two-dimensional photonic crystal structure 47, 284 two-photon absorption (TPA) 42, 93 94, 96 ultraviolet light uniaxial crystals 65 VCSEL see vertical cavity surface emitting laser vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) 266 vertical deposition method 3, , 126, 170, 176, 280 VO voxels 98 99, 101 waveguide coupling mechanism 158 waveguide coupling method 158, 160 waveguide-microcavity coupling method 155 waveguides composite 197 coupled-microcavity slot 338 wavelength division multiplex (WDM) 6 WDM see wavelength division multiplex YAG laser 42, 170, 172, 269 ZEP-520 layer 85 ZnS/MgF 2 photonic crystal 37 38
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