Role of Landsat in Revolutionizing the Management of Natural Resources. Prof. UR Rao Former Chairman, ISRO, India
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1 Role of Landsat in Revolutionizing the Management of Natural Resources Prof. UR Rao Former Chairman, ISRO, India 40 Years of Landsat, June 6, 2012
2 Evolution of Remote Sensing Satellites TIROS Aerial Survey Landsat Series of Satellites Landsat-1,2,3 Landsat-1: Landsat-2: Landsat-3: RBV & MSS First successful weather satellite (Television Infrared Observation Satellites) Launched by NASA on April 1, 1960 Landsat-4: Landsat-5: MSS & TM Landsat-4,5 Aerial view of Grove Area (Coconut Root Wilt Disease Study) Landsat-7 Landsat-7: 1999 Till date ETM+ Source: NASA Source: ISRO Source: NASA
3 Evolution of Remote Sensing Satellites Source: CEOS Landsat -4,5 SPOT 1/2 Landsat-7 IKONOS RISAT-1 ENVISAT Landsat-1 FY 1A IRS 1A / 1B IRS 1C SPOT-5 AQUA RAPIDEYE Landsat-1, 2, 3 USA Nimbus-6 USA TIROS-M USA Lageos-1 Italy Meteosat-1 Europe.. Landsat-4,5 USA NOAA-1 USA DMSP-7 USA GOES USA IRS-1A INDIA GMS -3 JAPAN SPOT FRANCE FY-1A CHINA ERS -1 EUROPE METEOR-2N21 RUSSIA.. LANDSAT-7 USA QUIKSAT USA JASON USA & FRANCE IRS-1C, 1D INDIA FY-2A CHINA CBERS1 CHINA & BRAZIL SPOT-5 FRANCE STELLA FRANCE JERS-1 JAPAN OCEAN1 RUSSIA RADARSAT-1 CANADA ADEOS JAPAN SICH-1 UKRAINE SAC-A ARGENTINA.. AQUA USA RISAT-1 INDIA HY-1A CHINA FEDSAT AUSTRALIA ENVISAT EUROPE BILSAT TURKEY NIGERIASAT NIGERIA ALOS JAPAN CALIPSO FRANCE TOPSAT UK COSMOSKYMED ITALY THEOS THAILAND RAPIDEYE GERMANY GOSAT JAPAN TANDEMX GERMANY ~12 ~50... ~90 ~135.
4 Evolution of Remote Sensing Satellites Parameter Spatial Resolution 80m 30m -10m m <0.4m Spectral Coverage VNIR VNIR, SWIR, MIR VNIR, SWIR, MIR VNIR, SWIR, MIR Thermal Thermal, Microwave Thermal, Microwave Spectral Resolution Multi Spectral Multi Spectral Hyper Spectral Hyper Spectral Radiometric Resolution 6 bits 8 bits 12 bits 16 bits Data rate 15 Mbps 85 Mbps 170 Mbps 800 Mbps Data Storage Mega Bytes Giga Bytes Terra Bytes Peta Bytes
5 LANDUSE WASTELAND Land Use Maps of Kathmandu, Nepal Wasteland Study, India IRS L3, Feb 2002 LS TM, Feb February February uv Upp agu February February U pp 2009 Pillap e ru riv er Pillap e ru riv er Total Wasteland ( ) : Sq. Km Source: Source: ISRO uv agu
6 AGRICULTURE FORESTRY Forest change categories in Danjiangkou, China White Nile Irrigation Scheme Source: NASA Source: Shi et. al. 2011
7 WATER RESOURCES URBAN 30 years of rapid urban expansion in China's Shanghai region. Groundwater Exploration & Recharge - India Changzhou 1973 Changzhou 1984 Wuxi Wuxi Suzhou Suzhou Changzhou 1995 Changzhou 2005 Wuxi Wuxi Low Ground Water Yield High Suzhou Suzhou Source: ISRO Source: (GEO)
8 SUSTAINABLE IMPROVEMENT PRECISION FARMING Improvement of Carrying Capacity in Developing Countries St. Thomas Area, North Dakota Agricultural Area Percent Increase Irrigated Area Forest Area Surface Water Increase in Land and Water Resources in 20 Watersheds as a result of Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development (IMSD) Strategy Implementation Red = 210 kg/ ha N Yellow = 180 kg/ ha N Green = 130 kg/ ha N Source: UR Rao, 1999 Space Forum Source: Christopher Small,
9 DISASTER MANAGEMENT Pakistan Floods August 2010 Rodeo - Chediski Forest Fire, Arizona IRS AWiFS Dec 23, 2009 LS-7 Jun 21, 2002 IRS AWiFS Aug 20, 2010 LS-7 Jul 7, 2002 Source: ISRO Affected about 14 million people Source: USGS Landsat Project 468,000 acres destroyed
10 DATA SHARING MECHANISMS LANDSAT Highest year of distribution -US Fiscal Year ~ 25,000 scenes were delivered. Policy Change by USGS 2008 Now Many Other Countries too. 1,20,000 images per year nrsc 80,000 images per year DISASTER MANAGEMENT SUPPORT Result: More than 2.0 million images since 2008 Global Data Archives 40 Years of Ortho rectified Data International Charter Space & Major Disasters Sentinel Asia
11 GROUND STATIONS TO FACILITATE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Landsat Ground Stations Total Number of Stations : 19 SPOT Ground Stations IRS Ground Stations Total Number of Stations : 20 Total Number of Stations : 14
12 Committee for Liaison with International Organisations and Developing Nations (CLIODN) CLIODN advises the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) on opportunities to foster international cooperation in space programmes and its application in developing countries. THEMES OF CLIODN 1. Benefit of Human Kind Brighton Drought Management Bangalore Flood Management Malaga Forest Management Dresden Agriculture Management Montreal Space for Developing Countries Washington Environment Graz Rural Development Jerusalem Health Care Oslo Urban Environment Beijing Industrial Partnership Turin Transiting Economic Scenario Melbourne Sustainable Economic Growth Amsterdam Equitable Global Village Rio de Janeiro Information Technology Toulouse Building Partnership with All Stakeholders Houston Enhancement of Carrying Capacity Bremen National Disaster Management Vancouver Education and Capacity Building Fukuoka Water Resource Management Valencia Poverty Alleviation Hyderabad Imagination to Reality Glasgow Climate Change Daejon Human Benefit and Development Prague Environmental Security Cape Town Space Science and Technology for all Naples 2012
13 MUMBAI, INDIA RISAT-1 Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust Nariman Point Contact:
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