Applied GIS & Remote Sensing for Disaster Mitigation #4

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1 Applied GIS & Remote Sensing for Disaster Mitigation #4 By Koki IWAO Senior Program Specialist Asian Center for Research on Remote Sensing (ACRoRS), AIT How to utilize these satellite information for your research (or disaster mitigation)? 2 Flow of research/projects (General) What is the goal of Research? (projects?) Try to find new idea (algorithm/methodology) Using new instruments and find something new Why we need it? To get new idea for your interests To compare your idea with other researcher s idea Major Existing Journals for Remote Sensing Researchers International journal of remote sensing. Improving the existing Check existing idea/ techniques Check existing researches. IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing. PE&RS : Photogrammetric engineering & remote sensing. Remote sensing of environment. Canadian journal of remote sensing. Find out your originalities Journal of geophysical research Make a research plan Obtain satellite data 3 How to do it? Use the Internet 4

2 Ingenta : Search Results Key words(exp) remote sensing, coastal zone management 5 6 Article Summary Satellite Data Search & Order 7 8

3 Pre-knowledge Data Format: Why data format is important? We cannot see satellite data without knowing the format CEOS HDF NLAPS Data Format: Landsat See, supplement NASA EOS-HDF Landsat: FORMAT The Landsat data are provided in NDF for radiometrically and geometrically corrected (level-g) products. Data may be represented in both binary and American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) formats. Bit and byte ordering follow conventions set by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) with the term "byte" being synonymous with octet as used by the International Organization for Standardization. For more information on the National Land Processing System, see the following Web site: NDF info at: HDF Native HDF-EOS The December 999 launch of Terra, the first of the Earth Observing System (EOS) series of satellites, commenced a period in NASA's history during which unprecedented amounts of data will be available. The overall goal has been to study our global environment and obtain sustained and continuous observati-ons of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, land surfaces, ice coverage, and land uses. Twenty-four distinct measurement areas are having significant data collected, processed, analyzed and used to improve our understanding of the Earth. We have initiated a period of greatly enhanced observational capability for understanding the planet and how it is changing, both naturally and as the result of human interaction. The successful launch of the second satellite, Aqua on May 4, 2002, will result in even more valuable information. The volume of data which will be produced is without precedent. Over one terabyte (0 2 bytes) of data will be produced by the EOS project each day. The number of users of this data now exceeds 0,000 and includes representation from all user domains. NASA has built the EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) to handle this immense influx of information, and is using the Hierarchial Data Format for EOS (HDF-EOS), developed as an extension to NCSA's HDF. This website is designed and maintained to facilitate and broaden the use and utility of HDF-EOS. Satellite data for disaster monitoring Typhoon Ozon Depretion El Nino Forest fire Flood Volcano Earthquake Global km Global km Global km Global to Moderate (High) km 250m 30m Global to Moderate (High) km 250m 30m Global to Moderate (High) km 250m 30m Global to Moderate (High) km 250m 30m Every 30min Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily Optical Sensor Visible-Thermal Optical Sensor UV Optical Sensor Visible-Thermal Optical Sensor Visible-Thermal Optical Sensor Visible-Thermal + Microwave Optical Sensor Visible-Thermal + Microwave Optical Sensor Visible-Thermal + Microwave, DEM Meteological satellites GMS METEOSAT (AVHRR) TOMS(ADEOS) TRMM MODIS AVHRR AVHRR, DMSP MODIS TM,ASTER, IRS etc AVHRR MODIS TM, IRS, ASTER etc Microwave AVHRR, DMSP MODIS TM, IRS, ASTER, etc Microwave AVHRR, DMSP MODIS TM, IRS, ASTER, etc 2 Microwave

4 Change of Antarctic Ozone Hole These data were recorded in November 996 by NASA s Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer(TOMS) instruments on board ADEOS and processed by NASDA. Location of geostationary satellites 3 4 What is an El Niño? (Reference:NASA homepage) 5 6

5 7 8 Forest Fire Detection from DMSP 9 20

6 Requirements to monitor Forest fire, Flood, Volcano, Earthquake, etc. Relatively High spatial & temporal observations are required. Moderate resolution?? Are there any other??? Orbits & Swath Landsat (ETM) TERRA (MODIS) TERRA & Landsat Orbits & Swath Both satellite orbit are same Altitude: about 705km Local time: 0:00(Landsat), 0:30 (TERRA) Orbital Period: about 00min Length of the equator: 2R Earth Radius (R) : 6,370km km: 2km Temporal 23 We need high spatial & temporal observation. How to solve? 24 Spatial

7 Kepler's laws LAW : The orbit of a planet/comet about the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun's center of mass at one focus This is the equation for an ellipse: LAW 2: A line joining a planet/comet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer The purpose of the ASTER Project is to make contributions to extend the understanding of LOCAL and REGIONAL phenomena on the Earth surface and its atmosphere. LAW 3: The squares of the periods of the planets are proportional to the cubes of their semimajor axes: T a2 / T b2 = R a3 / R b 3 Square of any planet's orbital period (sidereal) is proportional to cube of its mean distance (semi-major axis) from Sun Mathematical statement: T = kr 3/2, where T = sideral period, and R = semi-major axis Example - If a is measured in astronomical units (AU = semi-major axis of Earth's orbit) and sidereal period in years (Earth's sidereal period), then the constant k in mathematical expression for Kepler's third law is equal to, and the mathematical relation becomes T 2 = R 3 Terra Satellite ASTER VNIR SWIR SWIR ASTER Sensor TIR TIR VNIR Visible Near Infrared Radiometer VNIR3B Spectral Range 3 Bands µm Spatial Resolution5 m Cross Track Pointing24 24 VNIR SWIR Short Wave Infrared Radiometer Spectral Range 6 Bands µm Spatial Resolution30 m Cross Track Pointing TIR Thermal Infrared Radiometer Spectral Range 5 Bands µm Spatial Resolution90 90 m Cross Track Pointing Subs y ste m AS T ER J ERS - Band Spe ctr al Spati al Band Spe ctr al No. R a n g e ( µ m ) re s l.( m ) No. Range (µm) V N I R & Spati al re s l.( m ) x S W IR T IR Spectral & Spatial RESOLUTION (ASTER with relation to JERS-) S te r eo B / H 0.6 ( A l o n g -T r ac k ) 0.3 ( A l o n g -T r ac k ) 28

8 Enhanced Capability 4 Bands VNIR: 3 Bands SWIR: 6 Bands TIR: 5 Bands Higher Spectral Resolution Higher Spatial Resolution ASTER VNIR: 5m SWIR: 30m TIR : 90m Spectrum Composition Of An Optical Sensor JERS- (OPS) Cross Track Pointing Ability In Urgency, ASTER can observe it within 2 to 5 days! LANDSAT JERS- SPOT Others VNIR 3bands SWIR 6bands TIR 5bands 30 VNIR (Visible Near Infrared) along track 3 32

9 SWIR (Short Wavelength Infrared) TIR (Thermal Infrared) ASTER Vs. Landsat-ETM+ ASTER PRODUCTS - Characteristics - A wider spectral range and a higher spectral resolution are offered by covering the spectral range of 0.52 to.65 microns with 4 bands. Resolution:5m5m Resolution:30m30m 35 5m, 30m, and 90m spatial resolutions are offered in the visible and near infrared spectral region, the shortwave infrared spectral region, and the thermal infrared spectral region, respectively. image 60km For band 3 (0.76 microns to 0.86 microns), both the usual nadir-looking telescope and a backward-looking telescope are used to produce stereoscopic images acquired in the 36 same orbit. 60km

10 Purpose of the ASTER Project () To promote research into geological phenomena of tectonic surfaces and geological history through detailed mapping of the Earth s topography and geological formations. (This goal includes contributions to applied research in remote sensing.) (2) To understand distribution and changes of vegetation. (3) To further understand interactions between the Earth s surface and atmosphere by surface temperature mapping. (4) To evaluate impact of volcanic gas emission to the atmosphere through monitoring of volcanic activities. (5) To contribute to understanding of aerosol characteristics in the atmosphere and of cloud classification. (6) To contribute to understanding of the role coral reefs play in the carbon cycle through coral classification and global distribution mapping of corals. 37 ERSDAC Japan 38 Flexible Observation E D S ASTER:60km LANDSAT85km 72km Emargency Observation 39 P4 P3 P2 Emargency Observation Mode P 40 ERSDAC Japan

11 Useful Web sites for satellite data searching

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13 49 50 VNIR SWIR TIR 5 52

14 ARO Announcement of Research Opportunity on ASTER Data Use ERSDAC Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center 53 Objectives of ASTER ARO ASTER ARO on ASTER data use is announced by ERSDAC to begin accepting proposals for verification and utilization of ASTER data use in related various fields, as a part of research and development of remote sensing technology for non-renewable resources. 54 Users of ASTER ARO Acquisition request area ASTER ARO is open to all investigators and organizations both home and abroad desiring to use ASTER for peaceful and non-commercial purposes. Maximum : 40,000km 2 One Scene is approximately 3,600km 2 (One Scene:60km60km) If one request area is smaller than 3,600km 2, it is round up to 3,600km

15 ADVANTAGES of the ASTER AO (from Users Viewpoint) If your proposal is approved as ARO Office,. You can submit Data Acquisition Request(DAR) and Data Product Request(DPR). 2. You will get ASTER data FREE OF CHARGE within given limits. 57 Difference of User type You have to register before using ASTER image. ARO User You can submit DAR.(You can get image of area that interests you.) You can study using ASTER image for science purpose. Image is free of charge. Only Shipping cost payable to FedEx. General User Scene(60km60km) : 9,800 Japanese Yen. Remit a cash(japanese Yen) to GDS. 58 ARO PROPOSAL Detail Information How to submit proposal to ARO Office (in ERSDAC) - Accepted any time until the end of ASTER mission. WWW Post-mail 4. Fax ASTER ARO Web Site to ASTER ARO office aodesk@ersdac.or.jp Guide book 59 60

16 ARO Office ASTER SCIENCE ARO Web Site Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center(ERSDAC) ASTER ARO Office Forefront Tower 4F 3-2-, Kachidoki, Chuo-ku, Tokyo zip , JAPAN Tel: +8(3) Fax +8(3) aodesk@ersdac.or.jp URL : 6 Click ARO Start ARO Proposal 62 # of ARO Proposal # of ARO Proposal Japan USA P.R.China UK Brazil Argentina Russia Germany Canada Thailand Spain Sweden Taiwan Austria Korea Vietnam Australia Poland Bangladesh Switzerland Israel Myanmar India Belgium Italy Portugal Singapore Saudi Arabia Malaysia Philippines )Validation 5) Geology 6) Soils 8) Topography & Cartography 9) Volcanology 0) Ecology & Vegetation ) Lakes&Rivers 3) Glaciers,& Icesheets 4) Natural hazards 5) Agriculture 6) Hydrology 8) Use & Plan 20) Other land observation 22) Marine ecosystem 23) Coastal processes 24) Sea ice 26) Human activities 27) Other ocean observation 28) Clouds 30) Eco-system 3) Air-sea 34) Public 35) Education 36) Others 64

17 ASTER search and download From US (USGS)

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19 73 74 ASTER search and download continued ASTER search and download continued 75 76

20 Japanese Satellite(NASDA) Japanese satellite data search ---continued Japanese satellite data search ---continued Japanese satellite data search ---continued (SAR data, BKK area) 79 80

21 Japanese satellite data search ---continued Contact point in charge: Attention Order Desk Planning Section Earth Observation Department Earth Observation Division Remote Sensing Technology Center Address Earth Observation Center RESTEC TEL: FAX: data@restec.or.jp 40 Numanoue, Ohashi, Hatoyama-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama-ken Japan TEL FAX eusadmin@eoc.nasda.go.jp 8 Contact point a in charge of the joint research project and PI: Attention Order Handling Team Earth Observation Reseach Center National Space Development Agency of Japan Address Harumi island Triton Square, Office Tower X 2F -8-0, Harumi, Chuo-ku, TEL FAX orderdesk@eorc.nasda.go.jp 82 Landsat data search from USGS USGS registration 83 84

22 Landsat data search from USGS continued Landsat data search from USGS Thailand, WRSII, (80's & 90's Epochs) Landsat data search result 87 88

23 IRS data search IRS data search IRS: IRS data Price information (at May 2002) PRODUCT TYPE PRICE IN US$(FOR IRS-C/D Data) MODIS/AIT LISS-III Full scene digital (4 x 4km) 470 LISS-III Quadrant digital (70.5 x 70.5 km) 300 PAN subscene photo/digital (23 x 23 km) 240 PAN stereo subscene digital ( 23 x 23 km) 440 PAN Full scene digital ( 70 x 70 km) 890 WiFS Full scene (IRS-C/D/P3) (80 x 80 km ) 300 L5 TM Full scene digital, 7 bands 600 L5 TM Quadrant digital, 7bands

24 System Flow Development of AVHRR Processing System on WWW 93 High accuracy products using PaNDA Announcement though transfer via FTP Linux based high cost performance system 94 Coverage of the data source User Interface Can search data using mouse!! (984~) (997~) Communication though automatically

25 Sample of the Processed data If you interest in Low to Moderate resolution data ACCESS to SIDaB SIDaB Satellite Image Database System in AFF The Homepage is 4th, March :23am (UTC) NOAA6 Tokyo st, March :5am (UTC) NOAA6 Bangkok 97 98