The next generation. Monitor Chlorophyll Fluorometer System

Transcription

1 The next generation onitor Chlorophyll Fluorometer Sytem Open daylight dark adaptation module Greater capability- Daylight dark adaptation allow meaurement of q E the fat reacting xanthophyll cycle or energy-dependent exciton quenching, q or chloroplat migration, q T or tate tranition, and q I or photoinhibition, at different time of day, and over long period of time. From 1 to 32 meauring probe head are available for each controller, allowing the longer term meaurement of larger plant population and more affordable configuration. 10,000 :mol quare topped aturation flah or F correction option according to Loriaux 2013 for more reliable reult. Blue light, Red light, and Chlorophyll Content probe available 8 Winn Avenue Hudon, NH 03051, USA Cloed daylight dark adaptation module

2 Innovative Deign Open daylight dark adaptation module with far red light Open daylight dark adaptation module from the top Open daylight dark adaptation module view from the ide Cloed daylight dark adaptation module cloe up Water proof ytem controller on pole or tripod with touch creen control, and wirele WiFi antenna. A Standard onitor Chlorophyll Fluorometer head without the daylight dark adaptation module One of the olar panel available with a 12 volt battery box One of the waterproof junction boxe with fue for each line, and an LED tatu light for each line.

3 Quenching: New - meauring capability Programable Dark Adaptation...at any time of day...or everal time a day...allow quenching relaxation Innovative Deign q E - fat acting xanthophyll cycle q - chloropat migration q T - tate tranition q - photoinhibition I Kramer new NPQ(T), q E(T), & q I(T) Ruban / urchie protocol - pnpq & qp d The new monitor fluorometer include the widet range of quenching protocol available. Hendrickon lake model parameter Y(II) Quantum yield of PSII Y(NPQ) Photoprotective non-photochemical quenching Y(NO) All other non-photo-protective non-photochemical quenching NPQ Non-photochemical quenching NPQ=Y(NPQ)/Y(NO) Kramer lake model quenching parameter (2004) Y(II) Quantum yield of PSII New Kramer fat quenching parameter are available with q L Photochemical quenching the red light verion & daylight dark adaptation only NPQ(T), q E (T) & q I (T) Y(NPQ) Photoprotective non-photochemical quenching Y(NO) All other non-photo-protective non-photochemical quenching Puddle model quenching Y(II) Quantum yield of PSII q P Photochemical quenching q N Non-photochemical quenching NPQ Non-photochemical quenching Quenching relaxation - q E Photoprotective energy-dependent exciton quenching - econd to 7 minute q Chloroplat migration chloroplat light avoidance mechanim at high actinic light level minute q Z A propoed longer term xanthophyll mechanim minute q T The portion of NPQ related to tate tranition 15 to 20 minute q I Chloroplat migration i be reponible for up to about 30% of NPQ at high actinic light level (Cazzaniga 2013) \ The portion of NPQ due to photo-inhibition and photodamage. Start to relax at 40 minute and may take up to 30 or 60 hour pnpq Ruban / urchie protocol photoprotective NPQ deigned to meaure plant photoprotective mechanim qp d Ruban / urchie protocol photochemical quenching in the dark immediately after actinic illumination

4 Attention to Detail Algorithm that prevent aturation pule NPQ iue - The intrument meaure the highet 25 m. - 8 point rolling average to determine F and F. Thi prevent aturation pule NPQ from being a problem for all ample, even if the flah width i et too wide. It alo eliminate any electronic noie from being a factor. ore reliable leaf temperature meaurement - Intead of meauring air temperature, the onitor Fluorometer Sytem offer a leaf thermitor that attache to the bottom of the leaf for more reliable meaurement. It i completely non-detructive, extremely durable, and provide more reliable meaurement. eaurement are made to +/ - 0.1oC. Air temperature i alo provided from an internal head enor. Stable Actinic light ource - For thoe intance when one want to ue the internal blue actinic light ource, it ha been tabilized with a feed-back loop that maintain a contant intenity. Normally, a any light ource heat up, the output goe down over time. That doe not happen with thi intrument. Steady tate table condition are maintained. PAR & ETR meaurement - The intrument meaure light intenity at the leaf urface to determine PAR, ETR and when day and night begin. Saturation flah intenity and F Correction- For reliable Y(II) meaurement and ETR meaurement, the aturation flah of the intrument mut be capable cloing all PSII reaction center. If it cannot, an error exit. While thi i uually not an iue with dark adapted ample or ample at lower actinic light level, it i an iue at higher actinic light level. Reearch find that even the mot intene aturation flah value cannot completely cloe all PSII reaction 2 center. For that reaon, the quare aturation flah intenity ha been increaed to 7,000 :mol m of blue light, and F correction, according to Loriaux Uing a red aturation flah, can alo been added a an option at time of purchae. Read the ection on F correction for more detail. For thoe that prefer uing a quare topped aturation flah, both the blue and red option can provide up to a 10,000 :mol m aturation flah to minimize thi iue. Far-red light option - Far-red light allow meaurement of F O, not jut etimation. Thi allow more reliable Kramer lake model quenching meaurement. Far red light i included with the daytime dark adaptation module. F O i etimated when the daytime dark adaptation module i not included. Eaier etup - The controller provide a enitive black and white touch creen interface with drill down menu and graphic diplay. Drill down menu provide quick and eay et up, a well a change. The controller come with a cover that can be locked. The controller can alo be pole mounted for field work. Add more meauring head a the need and funding permit - One controller can upport from 1 to 32 meauring head, without the added expene of additional controller. Waterproof junction boxe with fue light are available for large number of meauring head and for diagnoi of cabling iue in the field. Blue or Red light and Chlorophyll Content verion - One can chooe between blue or red light probe head, or ue ome red light unit and ome blue light unit. The ame LED i ued for modulated light, actinic light and aturating light. Chlorophyll content probe head, that ue the Gitelon ratio fluorecence method, will be available oon. Kramer Fat quenching parameter - NPQ(T), q E(T), and q I(T) are available with the red verion head and the daylight dark adaptation option only.

5 Attention to Detail Interface & Data anagement Data i collected by a ingle controller and it may be retrieved in variou way. All ytem come with Wi-Fi, and at time of purchae, invetigator can alo elect other option a needed. They will include cellular modem, Ethernet, Radio point to point, USB tick or atellite phone. The ytem interface i a daylight color touch creen on the ytem controller that can be ued for programming an data collection. However, remote ytem programming and data collection are poible with Smart phone and PC. The remote interface i preented a a web page. Viewing of live meaurement will alo be poible. The meauring file, collected from the controller, are deigned to work with Window Excel (Trademark) or other window comma delineated program like atlab (trade mark). No pecial computer oftware i neceary, and a a reult, any controller oftware update can be done by linking the intrument controller to a PC and downloading update remotely or by USB tick. The PSP32 offer 2 GB of flah non-volatile memory. The monitor fluorometer ytem ha 2 Gb of internal torage that will allow more than a year worth of data collection, even with 32 meauring head. Rather that providing computer oftware that mut be maintained and updated, the controller will provide information on a computer creen will appear a a web page. Data and graph can be downloaded and manipulated with other program, like Excel. The web page data will be paword protected. For field ue, green houe, or growth chamber work WiFi - come tandard with the controller Option: Cellular modem Ethernet Radio - point-to-point link available Satellite modem USB - tick

6 Attention to Detail Previou reearch find that while a high frequency of aturation flahe on light adapted plant will not damage plant tiue, frequent aturation flahe on dark adapted plant, on the ame pot, can damage plant tiue. For that reaon, the frequency of aturation flahe during the day and night can be programmed eparately. Previou reearch recommend once per hour in the dark. The meauring trace can be recorded and viewed over very long period of time Furthermore, the highet F value during the night, the lat F value before dawn, or the highet F value over longer period of time can be ued a the quenching reference. Since it can take from 30 hour to 60 hour for photoinhibition to completely relax or repair, thi choice can be valuable depending on tudy guideline. In addition, The new daylight dark adaptation capability allow reearcher to tudy qe the xanthophyll or cycle energy-dependent exciton quenching, q or chloroplat migration, q or tate tranition, and q or photoinibition, over long period of time. Here, a fully relaxed I F value a decribed above, can be ued with quenching relaxation technique, during the day, to meaure reliable long term reult and at different time of day. The ability to dark adapt during the day allow the ue of quenching relaxation protocol required for meauring thee very important plant mechanim. T We alo litened to reearcher in regard to the number of meauring head that are available with every controller. To tudy larger plant population, the monitor fluorometer ytem allow up to 32 meauring head per controller. Thi keep the cot lower and allow better cience. In addition, daylight dark adaptation module may be added to ome or all tandard monitor fluorometer meauring head a money become available. The monitor fluorometer alo meaure leaf temperature with a thermitor below the leaf, not jut ambient or intrument temperature. Intrument or ambient temperature i alo meaured.

7 achine fluorecence achine fluorecence F correction - baed on Loriaux (2013) Saturation pule are ued with modulated fluorometer are deigned to cloe all PSII reaction center. In fact, all reaction center mut be cloed to get reliable meaurement. The maximum fluorecence intenity value, of the aturation flah called F, i ued in mot meaurement including, quantum yield of PSII or FPSII (alo called Y(II) or DF /F ), J (or ETR), and in mot quenching protocol parameter. While it i poible to reduce or cloe all reaction center in a properly dark adapted ample, with a relatively low amount of light, it ha been found that in light adapted ample, with a high actinic light hitory, complete cloure of all PSII reaction center doe not occur even with the highet amount of aturation light. It i thought that complete reduction of Q i prevented by fat turnover of the platoquinone pool. (argraph 1990, Loriaux 2013). A With thi in mind, Y(II) and ETR meaurement, taken under thee condition, can be underetimated. A recent paper (Loriaux 2013), with reearcher that included Bernard Genty, the developer of quantum yield of PSII, verified the iue, and developed a method for F correction. It involved a multiple phaed ingle aturation pule with multiple light intenitie, and the ue of leat quare linear regreion analyi of the reciprocal of PAR (Photoynthetically Active Radiation), to determine the F fluorecence level a if an infinitely intene aturation pule, were to be ued. Thi i done without cauing damage to the plant and without cloing all of the reaction center. Studie by Loriaux (2006), and Loriaux 2013 have compared chlorophyll fluorecence meaurement reult with ga exchange meaurement and found that a corrected intenity can be determined and ued to correct F PSII or (Y(II)) and J (ETR) meaurement. Reearch ha hown that Y(II) meaurement, taken under high actinic light condition, can be underetimated with up to a 22% error, and there can be up to a 41% error in ETR value if thi method i not ued. Thi tandard option i provided on the onitor fluorometer, the Y(II) meter, the OS5p+, the ifl, and the OS1p intrument. It i available for all Light adapted and quenching protocol, and it can be turned off or on. The method decribed in a poter by the Loriaux, Burn, Welle, cdermitt, & Genty (2006) and expanded by Loriaux, Avenon, Welle, cdermitt, Eckle, Rienche, & Genty (2013), provide the mot accepted method currently available. According to the cience, the onitor Fluoro meter provide the optimal aturation intenity of 7,000 :mol, optimal light ramping of 20%, and a ramping rate le than 0.01 mol m. the protocol ha been optimized for the bet reult. The tandard monitor fluorometer ue an intene blue aturation light ource intead of the red light ource in Loriaux A red light verion of the monitor fluorometer i alo available. For thoe that want to ue the tandard quare topped flah, the intrument offer a 10,000 :mole m blue aturation flah, and the red light verion offer a red 10,000 :mole m aturation flah. Repreentation of how the ultiple Phaed Flah work Fluorecent ignal Saturation Light Ramp ,000 5,600 - PAR (:mol m Leat quare linear regreion of 10,000 / PAR y intercept = machine fluorecence value with an infinite Reciprocal of PAR or Leat quare linear regreion analyi achine fluorecence intenity with a tandard 1 econd quare aturation pule i repreented 10,000 / PAR The firt aturation flah tep, hown on the left, i at 7,000 :mol for 0.30 econd to aturate PSII. The aturation flah intenity i then ramped downward by 20%, making a large number of fluorecence meaurement along the way, to 5,600 :mol. The ramping rate i le than 0.01 mol photon m. The final phae i at 7,000 :mol to check for aturation pule NPQ. Recent tudie have hown that thoe etting provided optimal reult for plant that have been teted. (Loriaux 2013). A rolling 25m eight point average i ued to determine maximum F The graph on the right repreent the Loriaux (2013) method for etimating Fm with an infinitely intene aturation flah. Leat quare linear regreion analyi of the reciprocal of PAR (or 10,000 / PAR) allow determination of the y intercept, which repreent the machine fluorecence value with an infinite aturation flah.

8 onitor Fluorometer Parameter eaured and Protocol included: Light adapted - Y(II): Quantum Yield of PSII (or ) DF/F or Y) ETR: Electron tranport rate PAR: Photoynthetically Active Radiation value T: Leaf temperature F S (or F ): aximal fluorecence with actinic illumination uing a aturation pule F: Fluorecence under actinic light (prior to aturation pule) Loriaux 2013 correction of ETR, and F correction option included for Y(II). Dark adapted - F V/F : aximum Photochemical efficiency of PSII F V/F O: A more enitive detector of tre than F V/F, but it doe not meaure plant efficiency. F : inimum fluorecence O F : aximal fluorecence F : Variable fluorecence V F : inimum fluorecence after expoure to far red O light- available with the dark adaptation module F Etimated without the daylight dark adaptation O module With Red light meauring head only - Kramer (2016) fat quenching parameter NPQ(T), q E(T) & q I(T) Quenching - Hendrickon Quenching with NPQ (tandard) Y(NPQ), Y(NO), Y(II), NPQ, FV/F Kramer Quenching (tandard) q, Y(NPQ), Y(NO), Y(II), FV/F L Puddle model parameter (tandard) NPQ, q N, q P, Y(II), FV/F Require the dark adaptation module option- Quenching relaxation protocol (option) qe, q, qt, qz, & qi. Ruban / urchie protocol pnpq & qp d Rapid Light Curve (option) retrax - ( Eiler and Peeter ) a meaure of a leaf photoynthetic capacity or maximum electron tranport rate. a i the initial lope of line at low PAR value created by relating ETR to PAR. It provide a meaure of quantum efficiency Ik i the meaurement of the actinic light intenity where light aturation dominate, or the minimum aturation level. Im i the Eiler & Peeter calculated optimal actinic light intenity related to ETRAX Light Source: Saturation pule Blue LED with: 7,000 : mol m with F correction option 10,000 :mol m with quare topped flah Option for Red LED aturation flah 7,000 :mol m with F correction option 10,000 :mol m with quare topped flah odulated light Blue 455nm - half band width 18nm Option for red LED 640nm half band width 18 nm. Actinic light ource: Blue - Up to 5,000 :mol When the optional red light i ued, the actinic light intenity can be up to 5,000 :mol Far-red light ource: - an option included with the daylight dark adaptation option. It i ued to meaure F O, or for pre-illumination of ample in the dark adapted mode. Detection method: Pule modulation method. Detector & Filter: A PIN photodiode with a 700 ~ 750 nm bandpa filter. Sampling Rate: Auto-witching from 1 to 10,000 point per ec., depending on tet & on phae of tet. F correction according to Loriaux 2013, for all light adapted mode. It may be turned on or off. Ued during daylight hour. Tet Duration: Deigned to meaure ample 24 hour per day, 7 day a week, for month at a time. Run on olar power, battery power, or main current. Storage Capacity: 2 Gb. of non-volatile flah memory, upporting almot unlimited data et and trace. ore than 500,000 data et. Special Algorithm: 8 point rolling 25 m average to determine F, F, F O, & F S eliminate aturation pule NPQ & any electronic noie a an iue. Output: Comma delineated file may be opened in Excel. Data maybe retrieve by WiFi, cell phone, SD data card, Radio point-to-point, Ethernet, atellite phone, or USB tick. Some method are optional, and require higher pricing. Uer Interface: Diplay: Graphic black and white touch creen interface enu driven. Control box may be locked and pole mounted. Power Supply: Variou external 12 volt batterie are available upon requet. Solar power and main power can be ued. Operating temperature range 0 o C to 50 o C

9 Acceorie Optional feature & acceorie: Tripod Articulating arm Solar panel Daylight dark adaptation module with far red light Additional meauring head Junction boxe Cellular modem Radio - point-to-point link available Satellite communication Stainle 1.5 inch pipe mount with ¼ inch 20 thread mount hole for articulating arm ued to mount meauring head to pole or pipe mount. Integration of other data i poible uch a weather tation data, humidity, wind peed, infrared radiometer output, oil moiture enor output, and other radiation enor output. Contact Opti-Science for pecific data type and pricing.