Preface... Chapter 1. Nonlinear Two-terminal Devices... 1

Transcription

1 Preface xi Chapter 1. Nonlinear Two-terminal Devices Introduction Example of a nonlinear two-terminal device the diode Characteristic of a diode Real diode Diode in first approximation Ideal diode second approximation Design of a thresholdless diode Positive input voltage Negative input voltage Load line and operating point Other nonlinear components Thermistors or NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) Photoresistors Varicap diodes or variable capacitance diodes Nonlinear applications of the diode Half-wave rectification Full-wave rectification with diode bridge Peak clipping Peak detector Recovery circuits Influence of dynamic and reverse resistances on the recovery of the continuous component of a signal

2 vi Nonlinear Electronics Logarithmic amplifier Anti-logarithmic amplifier Logic functions with diodes Exercises Solutions to exercises Chapter 2. Low-frequency Oscillators Feedback study Negative feedback Positive feedback Oscillators and positive feedback Principle of sinusoidal feedback oscillator Oscillator parameters Linear mode oscillator operation Introduction Feedback oscillator Phase-shift oscillators Schematic diagram and equation Low-pass cells High-pass cells Phase-shift oscillator with operational amplifier RC oscillators with transistors Bridge oscillator Principle Principle of the bridge oscillator with operational amplifier Study of the bridge oscillator in the general case Study of Wien bridge oscillator Study of the Wien bridge oscillator as one feedback branch oscillator Band-pass filter oscillator Feedback circuit Oscillator circuit Oscillation frequency Condition for sustained oscillation Generator of sinusoidal waves with shaper Principle Generation of the triangle wave Shaper circuit Shaper operation Frequency of the output signal

3 vii Chapter 3. High-frequency Oscillators Elementary high-frequency oscillator Equation Study of the evolution of output voltage: sinusoidal condition High-frequency oscillators with discrete components Introduction Equivalent diagram of the bipolar transistor Study of oscillators with bipolar transistors Operating equation Example of passive linear quadripole Oscillator case study: Colpitts oscillator Presentation Operating equation of Colpitts oscillator Parameters of feedback quadripole Oscillation frequency and condition for sustained oscillation Hartley oscillator Schematic diagram Parameters of the feedback circuit Operating equation Oscillation frequency Condition for sustained oscillation Clapp oscillator Schematic diagram Operating equation Characteristic parameters of the oscillator Quartz crystal oscillator Frequency stability of an oscillator Quartz crystal operation Equivalent impedance of quartz crystal Frequency behavior of a quartz crystal Example of quartz crystal oscillator Chapter 4. Oscillator as a Nonlinear Device Introduction Stability of an oscillator Static stability Dynamic stability Nonlinear phenomena in oscillators

4 viii Nonlinear Electronics Stabilization of the amplitude of output voltage Amplitude of the output signal: first harmonic method Principle of the first harmonic method Study of amplitude stabilization Exercises Solutions to exercises Chapter 5. Circuits in Switching Mode Basic elements Behavior of a capacitor in a circuit RC circuits in switching mode Case of a low-pass cell integrating circuit Case of a high-pass cell differentiating circuit Bipolar transistor in switching mode Bipolar transistor characteristics Operation in switching mode Logical functions with a switching transistor Chapter 6. Astable Multivibrators Introduction Astable multivibrator with transistors Introduction Principle Operating condition Operation Period of the output signal Astable device with operational amplifier Operating principle Period of the output signal Astable circuit with voltage-controlled frequency Principle and operation Period of the output signal Timer-based astable circuit (555 integrated circuit) Presentation of 555 timer Operating principle of the 555-based astable circuit Period of the output signal Another possible implementation Astable multivibrators with logic gates Principle and operation Period of the output signal

5 ix 6.7. Astable multivibrators with specialized integrated circuits Introduction Specification of the integrated circuit Astable circuit based on a integrated circuit Other specialized circuits Exercises Solutions to exercises References Index