Outline. Motivation. Design Challenges. Design of Mode-Switching VCO. Measurement Results. Conclusion 7/8/14
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1 Mazhareddin Taghivand, Kamal Aggarwal and Ada Poon Dept. of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Outline Motivation Design Challenges Design of Mode-Switching VCO Measurement Results Conclusion 2 of 25 1
2 Motivation Cellular/WiFi frequencies from 400-to-5900MHz Multiple VCOs are used for multi-band x Area increases x Muxing of VCO outputs Need to meet stringent PN requirements One-turn inductor is needed! large area Coupling multiple VCOs! high power & area 3 of 25 Motivation Cellular/WiFi frequencies from 400-to-5900MHz Multiple VCOs are used for multi-band x Area increases x Muxing of VCO outputs Need to meet stringent PN requirements One-turn inductor is needed! large area Coupling multiple VCOs! high power & area Desirable to have one VCO with! Low PN! Wide tuning range 4 of 25 2
3 Outline Motivation Design Challenges Design of Mode-Switching VCO Measurement Results Conclusion 5 of 25 Low PN VCO Design Best PN from Leeson s eq. Maximize voltage swing! reliability limit Maximize Q of the LC tank Increase Capacitance! Reduce Inductance 6 of 25 3
4 Small Inductance Challenge Inductance & Q increase with area Q Desired L Desired Q L 7 of 25 Outline Motivation Design Challenges Design of Mode-Switching VCO Measurement Results Conclusion 8 of 25 4
5 High Q & Small Inductance 570pH 9 of 25 High Q & Small Inductance 570pH 288pH 10 of 25 5
6 High Q & Small Inductance 570pH 288pH 181pH 11 of 25 Mode Switching Inductor 288pH Common mode voltage No loss in switches 12 of 25 6
7 Mode Switching Inductor 288pH 181pH Common mode voltage Common mode voltage No loss in switches No loss in switches 13 of 25 Mode Switching Capacitor 14 of 25 7
8 Mode Switching VCO 15 of 25 Outline Motivation Design Challenges Design of Mode-Switching VCO Measurement Results Conclusion 16 of 25 8
9 Frequency Range 17 of 25 Measured Phase Noise 10MHz!7.76GHz 10MHz!3.72GHz 18 of 25 9
10 Measured 0.8V PN (dbc/hz) VCO Frequency (GHz) 19 of 25 Figure of Merit FOM (db/hz) VCO Frequency (GHz) 20 of 25 10
11 Die Photo 657µm 657µm 21 of 25 Outline Motivation Design Challenges Design of Mode-Switching VCO Measurement Results Conclusion 22 of 25 11
12 Table of Comparison This Work ISSCC JSSCC June 2012 CICC 2009 Frequency (GHz) (88.7 %) (31%) (77.5%) (87.2%) Core Voltage (V) Core Power (mw) Carrier (GHz) PN (dbc/hz) KHz offset FoMT(dB/Hz) KHz offset PN (dbc/hz) MHz offset FoMT(dB/Hz) MHz offset Technology 40nm CMOS 55nm CMOS 65nmCMOS 130nm CMOS 23 of 25 Conclusions Dual-band mode switching oscillator demonstrated Wide tuning range of 3.24GHz to 8.45GHz Low PN of 10MHz offset of 7.76 GHz High FoMT of 10MHz offset for 7.76 GHz 24 of 25 12
13 Acknowledgement TSMC University Shuttle Program Lorentz Solution for the EM tool Denny Goetz for help with testing 25 of 25 13
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