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1 CLICK HERE TO KNOW MORE

2 Should GNSS Become a National Critical Infrastructure? Ooi Wei Han, Noordin Ahmad, Shahrizal IM National Space Agency (ANGKASA) Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)

3 Outline.. GNSS and applications GNSS Infrastructure setup in Malaysia GNSS Vulnerability / Impact International Overview The way forward

4 ANGKASA Campuses Langkawi National Observatory, Kedah National Planetarium, Kuala Lumpur National Space Centre, Banting, Selangor

5 Introduction GNSS provide 2 essential pieces of information; position and time. The most well-known navigation satellite is GPS. Anything enabled with a GPS receiver can be used for navigation. It requires a minimum of 4 satellites. The current system capable to deliver accuracy from centimetre to meter level.

6 The Eras of GNSS Pioneers - Transit GPS Global available since 1994 GLONASS FOC end 2010 Upgraded GPS + GLONASS GALILEO COMPASS FOC FOC QZSS FOC IRNSS FOC

7 GNSS Applications NAVIGATION Air Transportation Terrestrial Transportation Marine Transportation ENERGY AND FOOD SUPPLY Fisheries Fuel extraction Precision Agriculture ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES Timing Scientific Autonomous vehicles SAFETY OF LIFE Defence Surveillance Emergency Services RECREATIONAL MARKET Recreation Light vehicles Personal communication

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9 GPS/GNSS Market Billions Global GPS Market: Products (Marine, Aviation, Automotive, Outdoor/fitness & GPS Enabled Smart Phones), Applications (Navigation, Machine Control, & Logistics Tracking) & Geography ( ). Reports/global-GPS-market-and-its-applications- 142.html

10 Source: GNSS market report 2013 by European GNSS Agency

11 GNSS ground infrastructure setup in Malaysia 10

12 MyRTKnet Setup by Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM) Comprises of 78 GPS reference stations with spacing of between 30 to 120 km and providing real-time corrections. Support e-cadastre surveying activities; location-based activities; fleet tracking and management.

13 MSK-DGNSS Setup by Jabatan laut Semenanjung Malaysia Remote Monitoring Station in: Port Klang and K. Terengganu Reference Station in: Bagan Datoh, Melaka, Kuantan and Kuala Besar To improve accuracy and safety of maritime navigation Increased nominal accuracy from 10-15m to 1-3m. Reduced risk of maritime accidents Faster transit times for commercial shipping.

14 COSPAS-SARSAT: Search and Rescue

15 Ground Based Augmentation System Planned to setup Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) System determines differential corrections and integrity monitoring of GNSS. Provides navigation and precision approach service in the vicinity of the host airport

16 R&D CORS network Setup by multiple Research Institutes and University, led by ANGKASA Provide a precise and accurate GPS/GNSS satellite data correction services Become a research platform and support positioning activities

17 GNSS Vulnerabilities GPS signals are weak and easily be outpunched by poorly controlled signals from television towers or devices. Users not realise on vulnerable of devices to disruption and interference. Unintentional RFI, Multipath, signal errors, Ionospheric influence (solar max) Intentional GPS Jammer, Spoofing

18 GNSS Jamming Jamming: Broadcasting of a strong signal that overrides or obscures the signal being jammed

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20 GNSS Spoofing Deliberate interference that aims to mislead GNSS receivers into general false positioning solution

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22 GNSS Impact

23 Impact sector Economy Health Services Communication Transportation Energy Environment Defence Agriculture Effects Description Overreliance on GNSS signal is rampant for financial operations, inter-bank communications, transactions tracking, and etc. Disable search and rescue operations, prevent helping people who are in danger due to accident, crimes, etc Failure of GNSS timing can provide desynchronization for internet and mobile networks. Affect air traffic control, highway navigation, monitoring of cargos traffic, etc. Affect precision and real-time measurements for power grids Disable alerts systems essential for natural disasters prevention. Disable tracking emergency vehicles, tracking dangerous people wearing electronic bracelet, etc. Yields become worst, etc.

24 GNSS as critical infrastructure : International Overview

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27 The Way Forward.. 1. Recognize GNSS as critical infrastructure 2. Designate and empower a lead federal official 3. Protect the adjacent bands to GNSS as Quiet neighborhoods 4. Make ownership of jammers as an offence 5. Make use of jammers a felony 6. Make anti-jamming and anti-spoofing laws enforceable at all levels of government 7. Establish a national system to detect & rapidly locate jamming 8. Ensure sufficient enforcement personnel to detect, prevent, respond to and prosecute jamming

28 end MALAYSIA