Wideband TDD. WCDMA for the Unpaired Spectrum. Prabhakar Chitrapu. InterDigital Communications Corporation, USA. With a Foreword by Alain Briancon

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1 Wideband TDD WCDMA for the Unpaired Spectrum Prabhakar Chitrapu InterDigital Communications Corporation, USA With a Foreword by Alain Briancon

3 Wideband TDD

5 Wideband TDD WCDMA for the Unpaired Spectrum Prabhakar Chitrapu InterDigital Communications Corporation, USA With a Foreword by Alain Briancon

6 Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) (for orders and customer service enquiries): Visit our Home Page on or All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or ed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA , USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1L1 Wiley also publishes its books in avariety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. "3GPP TSs and TRs are the property of ARIB, CWTS, ETSI, T1, TTA and TTC who jointly own the copyright in them. They are subject to further modifications and are therefore provided to you "as is" for information purposes only. Further use is strictly prohibited". British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.

7 To The InterDigital Engineers, who developed the TDD WCDMA Technology; my parents, Ramanamma & Vencatachelam, because of whom, I am; my family, Uma, Anjani & Anil, for their Love & Being; my teachers, for their Insights & Values.

9 Contents List of Figures List of Tables Preface Acknowledgements Foreword Acronyms xiii xix xxi xxiii xxv xxix 1 Introduction WTDD Technology Other Advanced Radio Interface Technologies GPP Standards for Wideband TDD (WTDD) Overview of the Book 4 2 System Architecture and Services UMTS System Architecture CN Architecture UTRAN Architecture Radio Interface Protocol Architecture UMTS Protocol Layers Protocol Models for UTRAN Interfaces UMTS Services Traffic Classes and Quality of Service UMTS QoS Attributes 18 References 19 3 Fundamentals of TDD-WCDMA TDD Aspects 21

10 viii Contents 3.2 TDMA Aspects Data Burst Structure Midamble Generation Synchronization Bursts WCDMA Aspects Spreading and Modulation Modem Transmitter Error Protection Interleaving and Rate Matching WCDMA and TDMA Processing Pulse Shaping and Up Conversion RF Characteristics Transmit Diversity Mobile Radio Channel Aspects Mean Pathloss and Shadow Characteristics Multipath Characteristics Modem Receiver Aspects RF Characteristics Detection of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals Rake Receiver Structure Joint Detection Receiver Structure 41 References 42 4 TDD Radio Interface Overview Protocol Architecture Layer 1 Structure Physical Channels Transport Channels Layer 1 Communication Layer 1 Processing Inter-Layer Communication Layer 2 Structure Logical Channels Radio Bearers Layer 2 Communication Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocol Packet Data Protocols (PDCP) BMC Protocol Layer 3 Communication Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol 81 Appendix 4.1 System Information Blocks 85 References 86

11 Contents ix 5 TDD Procedures Introductory Concepts RRC Modes and States DRX/Sleep Mode Overview of Procedures PLMN/Cell Selection/Reselection Procedure Random Access Procedure Paging Procedures Paging Types Paging Process at Layer 2 and Above Broadcast Paging Paging at Layer Dedicated Paging Example RRC Connection Procedures Procedure between Network Elements Procedure between Protocol Entities RAB/RB Establishment Procedures RAB/RB Management Procedures Power Control Procedures UE Timing Advance Procedures Initial Timing Advance Steady-State Timing Advance Measurements Procedures Common UE Measurements Specific UE Measurements Measurement Types Measurement Reporting Methods Node B Measurements Cell/URA Update Procedures Handover Procedures NAS Signaling Message Transmission Procedures Data Transmission Initialization Procedures Inter-Layer Procedure End-to-End Communication Procedures UE Registration Procedures Authentication and Security CS Call Control Procedures PS Session Control Procedures CS Call and PS Session Data Procedures 147 References Receiver Signal Processing Receiver Architecture Channel Estimation Post-processing 157

12 x Contents 6.3 Data Detection Introduction Multi-User Detection Zero-Forcing Block Linear Equalizer (ZF-BLE) JD Minimum Mean Square Error Block Linear Equalizer (MMSE-BLE) Joint Detector Zero Forcing Block Linear Equalizer with Decision Feedback (DF ZF-BLE) Joint Detector Minimum Mean Square Error Block Linear Equalizer with Decision Feedback (DF MMSE-BLE) Joint Detector Approximate Cholesky/LDL H Factorization Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC) Detectors Successive Interference Cancellers (SIC) Detectors Implementation and Performance Cell Search Basic Initial Cell Search Algorithm Basic Targeted Cell Search Algorithm Hierarchical Golay Correlator Auxiliary Algorithms 172 References Radio Resource Management Introduction RRM Functions Cell Initialization Admission Control Radio Bearer Establishment Radio Bearer Maintenance Cell Maintenance Physical Layer RRM Algorithms Basic Concepts Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) Algorithms 200 References Deployment Scenarios Types of Deployment Capacity and Coverage Network Capacity Analysis TDD Capacity: Over-the-Rooftop Deployment Coexistence BS to BS Interference UE to UE Interference 224 References 228

13 Contents xi 9 Alternate Technologies WTDD-WLAN Comparison System and Service Attributes of WLANs Comparison of TDD and WLAN System and Service Attributes Performance of b WLAN Systems Comparison of UMTS TDD and b WLAN System Performance Deployment Considerations for UMTS TDD and WLAN Systems WTDD TDSCDMA Comparison TD-SCDMA in the Standards Evolution Comparison TD-SCDMA Potential Deployment Scenarios 239 References 240 Index 241

15 List of Figures 2.1 UMTS Architecture Core Network (CN) Architecture for Release CN Architecture for 3GPP Release UTRAN Architecture One RNS Providing CN Interface and Node B Resources to a Given UE Use of Drift RNS When Different RNSs Provide CN Interface and Node B Resources to a Given UE UMTS Protocol Layers General Protocol Model for UTRAN Interfaces Iub Interface Protocol Structure Iu-CS Interface Protocol Structure Iu-PS Interface Protocol Structure Example Mapping of Applications to Traffic Classes QoS Architecture TDMA Aspects: Frames and Timeslots Flexible Duplexing in Time Domain Radio Bursts: Top to Bottom = Type 1 to Type 3; GP = Guard Period; CP = Chip Period Location of TPC and TFCI Signaling Bits: Top = Downlink Burst; Bottom = Uplink Burst Midamble Generation by Periodic Extension of Complex Midamble Code Generation of Multiple (K = 2K ) Midambles Synchronization Bursts Basic Principle of Spreading OVSF Spreading/Channelization Code Generation WCDMA Aspects: Spreading and Scrambling Essentials of Modem Tx-Processing Convolutional Coders Structure of Rate 1/3 Turbo Coder (dotted lines apply for trellis termination only) Two Stages of Interleaving Principle of 1st Interleaving Pulse Shaping and Up Conversion 32

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