UNIT - 1 [INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS] OLUTION OF MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATION

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1 i CONTENTS UNIT - 1 [INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS] INTRODUCTION EVOL OLUTION OF MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATION EXAMPLES OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Paging Systems Cordless Telephone Systems Cellular Telephone Systems How a Cellular Telephone Call is Made Comparison of Common Wireless Communication Systems WIRELESS COMMUNICATION STAND ANDARDS ARDS First Generation (1G) Cellular Systems Second Generation (2G) Cellular Systems Evaluation to 2.5 G Mobile Radio Networks Evolution for 2.5G TDMA Standards IS-95B for 2.5G CDMA Third Generation (3G) Wireless Networks G W-CDMA (UMTS) G CDMA G TD-SCDMA WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP (WLL) WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (WLANS) BLUET UETOO OOTH AND PERSONAL AREA NETWORKS (PAN) AN) TRENDS IN RADIO AND PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

2 ii UNIT - 2 [THE CELLULAR CONCEPT - SYSTEM DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS] BASIC CELLULAR SYSTEM CELL FUNDAMENT AMENTALS ALS FREQUENCY REUSE Method of Locating Co-channel Cells Advantages of Cellular Concept in Communication Systems HANDOFF STRATEGIES TEGIES Prioritizing Handoffs Practical Handoff Considerations INTERFERENCE AND SYSTEM CAPACITY CITY Co-Channel Interference Channel Planning for Wireless System Adjacent-Channel Interference Power Control Near-End-Far-End Effect TRUNKING AND GRADE OF SERVICE BLOCKED CALLS CLEARED Blocked Calls Delayed IMPROVING COVERAGE AND CAPACITY CITY IN CELLULAR SYSTEMS Cell Splitting Sectoring (Directional Antennas) Repeaters Microcell Zone Comparison of Cellular Design Techniques FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT

3 iii 2.9 SETUP CHANNELS Access Channels Operational Techniques Paging Channels Self - Location Scheme at the Mobile Unit Autonomous Registration Traffic Load on Set Up Channels and Voice Channels CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT Fixed Channel Assignment Non-Fixed Channel Assignment Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) Hybrid Channel Assignment (HCA) Comparison Between FCA and DCA UNIT - 3 [MOBILE RADIO PROPAGA GATION] INTRODUCTION FREE SPACE CE PROPAGA GATION MODEL THREE BASIC PROPAGA GATION MECHANISMS Reflection Reflection from Dielectrics Reflection from Perfect Conductors Ground Reflection (Two wo-r -Ray) Model Diffraction Fresnel Zone Geometry Knife-Edge Diffraction Model Multiple Knife Edge Diffraction Scattering

4 iv 3.4 PRACTICAL LINK BUDGET DESIGN USING PATH LOSS MODELS Log og-distance Path Loss Model Log-Normal Shadowing Determination of Percentage of Coverage Area OUTDOOR PROPAGA GATION MODELS Okumara Model Hata Model INDOOR PROPAGA GATION MODELS Partition Loss Ericsson - Multiple Breakpoint Model Long ong-distance Pathloss Model SMALL SCALE MULTIP TIPATH TH PROPAGA GATION Factors Influencing Small-Scale Fading Doppler Shift PARAMETERS OF MOBILE MULTIP TIPATH TH CHANNELS TYPES OF SMALL SCALE FADING Fading Effects Due to Multipath Time Delay Spread Flat Fading Frequency Selective Fading Fading Effects due to Doppler Spread Fast Fading Slow Fading UNIT - 4 [MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS] INTRODUCTION FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (FDMA) Features of FDMA Non-Linear Effects in FDMA

5 v Number of Channels in FDMA Efficiency of FDMA Advantages Disadvantages Applications of FDMA TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA) Features of TDMA Number of Channels in TDMA System Efficiency of TDMA Advantages of TDMA Disadvantages of TDMA SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS (SSMA) Frequency Hopped Multiple Access (FHMA) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) SPACE CE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (SDMA) PACKET RADIO ALOHA PURE ALOHA Slotted ALOHA Comparison between Pure and Slotted ALOHA Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) Protocols Persistence Methods Implementation of Carrier Sense Multiple Access Reservation Protocols Reservation ALOHA Packet Reservation Multiple Access COMPARISON OF MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES

6 vi UNIT - 5 [WIRELESS SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS] AMPS AMPS System Overview Call Handling in AMPS AMPS Air Interface N-AMPS ETACS ETACS System Overview ETACS CS Air Interface GSM GSM Services GSM Features GSM System Architecture GSM Air Interface Specifications GSM Channel Types Frame Structure of GSM Signal Processing in GSM CDMA DIGITAL AL CELLULAR STAND ANDARD ARD (IS-95) -95) Frequency and Channel Specifications Forward CDMA Channel Convolutional Encoder and Repetition Circuit Block Interleaver Long PN Sequence Data Scramble

7 vii Power Control Subchannel Orthogonal Covering Quadrature Modulation Reverse CDMA Channel Convolutional Encoder and Symbol Repetition Block Interleaver Orthogonal Modulation Variable Data Rate Transmission Direct Sequence Spreading Quadrature Modulation IS-95 with 14.4 kbps Speech Coder DIGITAL AL EUROPEAN CORDLESS TELEPHONES (DECTS) Features and Characteristics DECT Architecture DECT Functional Concept DECT Radio Link PACS CS - PERSONAL ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM System Architecture PACS CS Radio Interface PACs Cs Frame Structure FUTURE PUBLIC LAND MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION TION SYSTEM (FPLMTS) UMTS AND IMT UMTS RELEASE AND STAND ANDARDIZA ARDIZATIONS UMTS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE UMTS RADIO INTERFACE

8 viii EXPECTED UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS Expected University Questions with Solutions... E.1 - E.10 LATEST UNIVERSITY QUESTION PAPERS WITH SOLUTIONS [December ]... S.11 - S.14

and networks CONTENTS Method of Locating Co-channel Cells Advantages of Cellular Concept in Communication Systems TEGIES...

and networks CONTENTS Method of Locating Co-channel Cells Advantages of Cellular Concept in Communication Systems TEGIES... i wirelesss communications and networks FOR m.tech (jntu - h) i year Ii semester (COMMON TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS, ECE, DECE AND DECS) CONTENTS UNIT - I [THE CELLULAR CONCEPT-SYSTEM DESIGN FUNDAMENT AMENTALS