Integration of Terrestrial and Airborne Wireless Networks for Emergency Situations: the ABSOLUTE Project

Transcription

1 IX International Symposium on Information and Communication Technologies INTSIKT 2013 Emergency Telecommunication Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering Tuzla, June 3-4, 2013 Integration of Terrestrial and Airborne Wireless Networks for Emergency Situations: the ABSOLUTE Project Mihael Mohorčič Dept. of Communication Systems Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

2 Overview Disasters Rescue operations and emergency communications 'Professional' communications and professional mobile radio Terrestrial vs airborne systems Standalone or integrated solution Next generation emergency communication systems ABSOLUTE project Key technologies, system architecture and the role of JSI

3 Disasters Natural disasters resulting from natural hazards...a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes. Human-made disasters resulting from human-made (-casued) hazards sociological (crime, arson, terrorism, war) technological (industrial, transportation, hazardous materials, power outage)...threats having an element of human intent, negligence, or error; or involving a failure of a human-made system. Definitions from Wikipedia

4 Hurricane Sandy

5 Tohoku earthquake & tsunami, 2011

6 Earthquake, Haiti 2010

7 ...and more... Earthquakes and tsunamis May 12, About 70,000 people were killed and 18,000 people were reported missing after a 7.9-magnitude earthquake struck Sichuan, China. Oct. 8, At least 80,000 people were killed and three million left homeless after a quake struck the mountaineous Kashmir district in Pakistan. Dec. 26, A magnitude 9.0 quake struck off the coast of Sumatra, triggering tsunamis that swept through the coastal regions of a dozen countries bordering the Indian Ocean. The death toll has been estimated at between 225,000 and 275,000. Dec. 26, An earthquake devastated the ancient city of Bam, in central Iran, leaving between 31,000 and 43,000 people dead.... Volcanic eruptions July 15, Mt. Pinatubo on Luzon Island in the Philippines erupted, blanketing 750 square kms with volcanic ash. More than 800 died. Nov , At least 25,000 are killed near Armero, Colombia, when the Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupted, triggering mudslides. May 8, Mt. Pelee erupted on the Caribbean island of Martinique, destroying the capital city of St. Pierre. Up to 40,000 were killed. The day before, a volcano had killed 1,600 people on the nearby island of St. Vincent and five months later Mt. Santa Maria erupted in Guatemala, killing another 6, Hurricanes, cyclones and floods July-August Floods triggered by heavier-than-normal monsoon rains hit northwest Pakistan. By the time the waters began to recede in late August, more than 160,000 square kilometres of land about one-fifth of the country was under water. More than 1,700 people were killed and 17.2 million people have been affected. May 3, Cyclone Nargis, swept along by winds that exceeded 190 kmh and waves six metres high struck the Burmese peninsula and may have left as many as 100,000 dead, according to U.S. estimates. Oct. 26-Nov. 4, Hurricane Mitch was the deadliest hurricane to hit the Americas. It killed 11,000 in Honduras and Nicaragua and left 2.5 million homeless. Aug. 5, At least 85,000 were killed along the Yangtze River in China when more than 60 dams failed following a series of storms, causing widespread flooding and famine. This disaster was kept secret by the Chinese government for 20 years The world's worst natural disasters,

8 ...and more coming 2013 Erruption (expected) of Copahue volcano, evacuation ordered in the radius of 25 km, Chile & Argentina Oklahoma tornado, USA Texas flash floods, USA Wildfires in California, USA Dhaka Building Collapse, Bangladesh Landslide in Hidalgo, Mexico Earthquake in Atacama, Chile (M6.8 ) Earthquake in Lushan, Sichuan, China Earthquake on Iran-Pakistan border (M7.8) Floods in Kenya, Argentina, Mauritius,

9 Rescue operations

10 Aftermath requirements Rescue teams Different specialisations such as firefighters, medical stuff, police forces, mountain rescue teams, support personnel, engineers, geologists,... Humanitarian aid Food, water, medical care and sanitation supplies, clothes, tents,... Maintaining order Prevent looting and spreading of diseases Rebuilding and restoring normal living conditions...

11 Emergency communications Needed for Coordination of rescue teams Between team members in the field Between different (international / specialisation) teams w/ operations centre w/ hqtrs... Provision of reliable data from the field to support operation s decisions Coordination of humanitarian and recovery operations, infrastructure restoration and post-disaster surveillance Providing citizens and rescue team members with a link to families and friends...

12 Emergency communications Why not using what is there and available? Availability Reliability Security Robustness Capacity...

13 Pre-existing infrastructure Status of pre-existing infrastructure in dissaster area Wireless towers damaged Communication equipment and/or premises damaged Communication lines cut Power lines cut Communication traffic overload...

14 'Professional' communications Why using different systems for professional and public communications? Direct mode of communication and coverage extension Independence of backbone infrastructure Separate group channels Security Robustness Simplicity of use...

15 Professional Mobile Radio Main PMR standards Project 25 (P25 or APCO-25) suite of standards for digital radio communications in North America; also used in Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Canada, India and Russia Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) professional mobile radio for public safety networks and the military in Europe; also used in China and more than 60 other countries Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) open digital radio standard specified in ETSI TS parts 1-4 and used in products all over the world

16 Terrestrial vs airborne systems Deployment options for emergency communication system Terrestrial networks Pre-existing terrestrial infrastructure compromised Long time required to restore the network Portable terrestrial base stations / access points have small coverage area and may be difficult to move and deploy PMR requiring dedicated user equipment Satellite systems always available independent from conditions on the ground providing large coverage area requiring dedicated user equipment providing low link capacity to end users Aerial platforms at different altitudes providing the trade-off between terrestrial and satellite deployments medium to large covera area depend on weather conditions need to be brought in and require terrestrial or satellite backhaul links

17 Integrated terestrial and satellite systems for emergency communications Several projects investigating next-generation emergency communications for integration in satellite/airborne communication systems and/or for high speed data transfer EMERGSAT (ESA) Prototype development, technical verification and validation of a satellitebased communication system for managing emergency situations involving the use of Earth Observation techniques REMSAT (ESA) Use of satellite technologies for emergency planning and management of forest fires and river flooding TRACKS (ESA) Extending the use of a GSM cellular network using satellite links in combination with transportable Base Stations for developing countries and crisis management WISECOM (FP6) Develop and validate rapidly deployable lightweight communications infrastructure for emergency conditions integrating several terrestrial mobile radio networks (GSM, UMTS, WiFi) over satellite systems (Inmarsat BGAN and DVB-RCS)...

18 'XG' Emergency communications Support for broadband data transmission Existing PMR and emergency communications systems primarily designed and optimised for voice transmission (TDMA, low bit rates) FCC adopted LTE as the required air interface for future public safety broadband network operations at 700 MHz to transmit data wirelessly through a standard IP platform permit the transmission of data-intensive services with minimal delay to the user achieve data rates in the range of Mbps, low latency, high-speed mobility ensure nation-wide interoperability benefit from the economies of scale brough in by the commercial deployments ECC looking to establish a harmonized frequency band for broadband dedicated public-safety network LTE-A seen as potential target technology FP7 project ABSOLUTE working on integrated terrestrial and airborne emergency communication system incorporating LTE-A technology

19 ABSOLUTE at a glance Aerial Base Stations with Opportunistic Links for Unexpected & Temporary Events FP7 Call-8 Integrated Project 17 partners, 1023 PM Oct Sep Total Budget / EC Funding: 11.3M / 8M Helikites Develop (and demonstrate!) rapidly deployable mobile network for broadband services during emergency recovery and temporary events thanks to the combination of aerial, terrestrial and satellite communications.

20 Key technologies in ABSOLUTE Embedded 4G / LTE-A enodeb low altitude aerial platforms portable multi-modal terrestrial case with LTE-A, TETRA, Wi-Fi, SatCom, positioning Satellite communications broadband backhaul in Ka-band direct narrowband services in S-band Dynamic spectrum access and management Opportunistic and cooperative networking Multi-mode user equipment (MM-UE) integrating LTE UE and existing emergency wireless technologies (TETRA) Wireless sensor networks

21 ABSOLUTE system architecture

22 ABSOLUTE key technologies Embedded 4G / LTE-A enodeb Terrestrial Aerial

23 ABSOLUTE key technologies Satellite communications Broadband backhaul in Ka-band Narrowband fronthaul in S-band

24 ABSOLUTE key technologies Dynamic spectrum access and management Seamless network reconfiguration Avoid harmful interference Spectrum sensing Radio environmental maps

25 ABSOLUTE key technologies Opportunistic and cooperative networking Direct communications between LTE-A UE Opportunistic network off-load Improved robustness, system availability and link resilience

26 ABSOLUTE key technologies Multi-mode user equipment Supporting LTE-A and TETRA radio interfaces Direct mode LTE comms Narrowband satellite services in S-band Opportunistic off-load

27 ABSOLUTE key technologies Wireless sensor networks External spectrum sensing Post-disaster surveillance

28 ABSOLUTE trials and demonstration Field test trials assess system performances test key functionalities Final demonstration demonstrate to stake holders and to end users the ABSOLUTE concept GEO Satellite LAP aerial platform LAP LAP LAP Link if feasible LAP or Fixed platform Headquarters Subnet Gateway Mobile nodes

29 Role of JSI in ABSOLUTE Contributing with past experience Design of TETRA network and services Satellite and stratospheric communications SatCom and HAP projects SECOMS, SatNEx I/II, HeliNet, CAPANINA, COST actions,... Signal measurements from hot air baloon (TETRA, WiMAX, WiFi) MAP [Mesh AP CISCO WiMAX AP AIR-LAP1522] Pico BS TETRA repeater PC for PC BS for control RSSI PC for MAP control + Cleartone 9000 measurements of Iperf handheld servertetra TETRA network terminal with GPS access connection receiver (2.4 GHz) USB in in the the air air f=3.458ghz backhaul connection (5 GHz) RS232 power power supply supply power supply GPS RS232 receiver USB GPS receiver connection with TETRA network on on the the ground fixed WiMAX modem RAP mobile [Mesh TETRA AP CISCO AP AIR-LAP1522] terminal RS232 PC for RSSI measurements RS232 access connection (2.4 GHz) handheld TETRA RS232 terminal WiMAX with USB GPS power modem receiver injector router controler GPS receiver RS232 USB PC for RSSI TBS measurements GPS receiver PC for RSSI measurements and positioning GPS receiver TBS PC USB power supply for RSSI measurements of TETRA repeater access connection (2.4 GHz) USB PC for data rate measurements (Iperf client) DXT TETRA network

30 Role of JSI in ABSOLUTE Contributing with past experience Emergency communications in special operating environments Long road and train tunnels and underground corridors Underground and multi-storey parking houses Signal propagation measurements Developing 4-slope channel model for long tunnels (d >> w)

31 Role of JSI in ABSOLUTE State of the art research Contribute to specification of system requirements Investigate cognitive radio mechanisms incorporating spectrum awareness from radio environmental maps Cooperative, opportunistic spectrum sensing and its integration into radio environmental map Support dynamic spectrum access and management

32 Role of JSI in ABSOLUTE State of the art research Dynamic and flexible network topology management

33 Role of JSI in ABSOLUTE State of the art research Context-aware mobility management, traffic routing and prioritisation, load balancing...

34 Role of JSI in ABSOLUTE State of the art research Design and development of sensor nodes for emergency applications and integration of WSN gateway in TeNB Participation in field trials and final demonstration responsible for sensor network segment

35 Acknowledgement This work has been partially funded by the European Community through the FP7 project ABSOLUTE (FP7-ICT ).

36 THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!