So many wireless technologies Which is the right one for my application?

Transcription

1 So many wireless technologies Which is the right one for my application? Standards Certification Education & Training Publishing Conferences & Exhibits Don Dickinson 2013 ISA Water / Wastewater and Automatic Controls Symposium August 6-8, 2013 Orlando, Florida, USA

2 Presenter Don Dickinson Senior Business Development Manager Water Sector Phoenix Contact USA More than 28 years of sales, marketing and product application experience in Industrial Controls and Automation, involving a wide range of products and technologies in various industry segments. Past chair of the NC AWWA-WEA Automation Committee and the current chair of the Security subcommittee. 2

3 So many applications 3

4 So many wireless technologies Which is the right one for my application? Proprietary Wireless 4

5 Agenda Why Use Wireless Industrial Wireless Wireless 101 Wireless Technologies Proprietary IEEE (aka Wi-Fi, WLAN, Wireless Ethernet) Bluetooth Cellular IEEE (WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, Zigbee) Wireless Applications 5

6 Why use wireless? Wireless has become a standard in everyday life Commercially, for convenience Industrially, to solve problems Developments in industrial wireless are accelerating very rapidly Newer technologies have widened range of applications Standards are being created specifically for industry 6

7 What makes wireless industrial? Reliability Must be as reliable / more reliable than wire? Latency appropriate for application. Security Prevent malicious use from intruders Prevent malicious jamming of frequencies Rugged Easy setup and installation. Able to operate in an industrial environment. 7

8 What s in our spectrum? VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF 8

9 What s in the UHF band? MHz Cellular 850MHz -USA 900MHz -Europe 1800MHz -Europe 1900MHz -USA Licensed Radio solutions 400MHz Range 900MHz Range Unlicensed Radio solutions 900MHz 2.4GHz 5.8 GHZ 9

10 Wireless Technology Licensed RF: Uses a high power radio frequency transmitter to send data through the air License-free RF: Uses a low power radio frequency transmitter to send data through the air Operator does not need a license but transmitter is required to meet Part 15 of the FCC rules to be marketed in the US. Meeting Part 15 ensures compliance with technical standards with little potential for causing interference to authorized radio communications. 10

11 Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) Radio Bands License Free 1 watt power max Three bands 900MHz ( ) 2.4 GHz ( ) 5.8 GHz bands ( ) Must use one of the spread spectrum technologies Frequency Hopping (FHSS) Direct Sequence (DSSS) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 11

12 900MHz vs 2.4GHz vs 5.8GHz 900MHz Advantages: More robust, less prone to interference Lower attenuation, travels further through more obstacles Disadvantages: Low bandwidth prevents large data transfer, speed Components are larger at lower frequencies 12

13 900MHz vs 2.4GHz vs 5.8GHz 2.4GHz Advantages: Higher bandwidth allows large data transfer, speed Components are smaller, cheaper Disadvantages: Congested band due to abundance of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, microwaves, cordless phones Attenuates much more quickly, will not pass through metal 13

14 900MHz vs 2.4GHz vs 5.8GHz 5.8GHz Advantages: Non-overlapping channels Higher bandwidth allows large data transfer, speed Less congested, few RF devices in this band Disadvantages: Low transmit power limitations High attenuation in cables, requires very high gain antennas 14

15 What is Spread Spectrum A method of transmitting a signal by "spreading" it over a broad range of frequencies much wider then the minimum bandwidth needed to transmit Benefits Increases transmit speed Can allow multiple networks to exits Reduces the effect of interference Reduces power needed to transmit information 15

16 Wireless Engines Frequency Hopping (FHSS) - Diesel Engine Direct Sequencing (DSSS) Fuel Injected Gas Engine Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Turbo Charged Gas Engine 16

17 Spread Spectrum Transmission FREQUENCY HOPPING WAVE BANDWIDTH DIRECT SEQUENCE OFDM Spectral Density BACKGROUND NOISE FREQUENCY 17

18 Public and Proprietary Systems Public Standard- A governing body exists to create/certify a specification to guarantee interoperability between manufacturer s devices Radio language is known Equipment is readily available Encryption is the only protection Examples: , Bluetooth, ISA100.11a Proprietary System- The manufacturer controls the design so that the product will only work with other devices from that manufacturer Non public air interface Equipment available to insiders Un-known technology is a significant barrier Encryption helps Examples: Phoenix RAD-ISM

19 Wireless Topologies Point-to-Point Information is exchanged between 2 points Star / Point-to-Multipoint A central station communicates with multiple remote devices Repeaters Repeaters receive a weak or low-level signal, then retransmit the weak or low-level signal at a higher level so that the signal can cover longer distances or avoid obstacles 19

20 Wireless Topologies Mesh networking Data is routed between multiple nodes. Allows selfhealing reconfiguration around broken or blocked paths by hopping from node to node Trunk Networking Use break-off connection points to leverage existing infrastructures, and add bandwidth capabilities 20

21 Wireless Topologies It may not be initially possible to define a specific architecture as desired it may be determined by the feasible technology Should consider things that can t be implemented, i.e. no repeater location sites are available 21

22 Wireless Performance There are several key factors in determining a technology s performance Distance Data rate/volume Interference All 3 are interdependent Users must find the correct balance 22

23 Distance Transmission range is affected by: Operating frequency: as frequency increases, range decreases Over-the-air speed: as speed increases, range decreases Interference: as interference increases, range decreases RF Power: Higher power goes farther, may be limited by technology or government 23

24 Speed A high-speed radio uses a wider channel width than a slow radio Channel width is the size of the pipe (khz or MHz) Need a bigger pipe to get more data through faster Data rate is how fast the data goes through the pipe (kbps or Mbps) khz 50 khz 500 khz 24

25 Interference Interference can be caused by Physical obstructions Emissions from electronic devices Other radio devices operating nearby Interference is overcome by Using high quality RF components and design Utilizing interference tolerant technology Strategic site planning 25

26 Choosing Wireless Technology The decision is made much easier by outlining the requirements for a product and technology RF Requirements Network Topology Device Connectivity Network Size Data type Latency There is no one-size-fits-all for wireless!!! 26

27 Proprietary Vendor Specific Wireless Most commonly used in industrial wireless applications today License-free technology Proprietary radios can be customized to fit a specific application Have a wide price range depending on features and performance Can be used for lower bandwidth Ethernet, serial, and I/O communications Frequency TX Power Transmission Data Rate Topology Typical Range Proprietary 900MHz 2.4GHz Varies, 1W max in USA FHSS DSSS OFDM Varies, up to 2Mbps Point-to-point, Star, Repeater, Mesh Varies, up to 30km / 19mi depending on product 27

28 UHF/VHF Licensed radios require a frequency license from the local regulatory body to operate on a single fixed frequency. They are used for long distance Frequency UHF/VHF MHz Typically have serial (RS232/485) interfaces, some have Ethernet TX Power Transmission Data Rate Varies, typically up to 5 10W depending on license Fixed Frequency Up to 19.2kbps Topology Typical Range Point-to-point, Star, repeater 30km / 19mi+ 28

29 aka: Wi-Fi, WLAN, or Wireless Ethernet, Ethernet world standard for LAN; now WLAN standard 3 flavors widely available: b, g, a n already common for commercial and home use Industrially hardened versions now available including n Primarily used for network communications with high bandwidth requirements Frequency TX Power Transmission Data Rate Topology Typical Range GHz (802.11b/g) 5GHz (802.11a/n) 100mW adjustable (higher power available) DSSS (802.11b) OFDM (802.11a/g) Up to 54Mbps, or 100Mbps+? Star, ad-hoc (Others supported with proprietary techniques) 100m / 328ft in-plant 1km / 0.62mi+ outdoor LOS 29

30 Encryption Overview Poor Good Best WEP - Weak key can be hacked or cracked with little to no network security knowledge WPA - Based on the same encryption as WEP with added features like authentication. Can be hacked although it takes more time and a higher knowledge of network security WPA2 - Currently the highest level of security available and is considered un-hackable by today's standards. 30

31 Bluetooth Implemented in a wide variety of commercial products such as phones, printers, and headsets Industrial products utilize Bluetooth technology to send I/O, serial, or Ethernet data over short distances Frequency Bluetooth 2.4GHz TX Power 10mW (Class 2) 100mW (Class 1) Transmission FHSS Data Rate Topology Up to 3Mbps (Depends on revision) Point-to-point Star (Up to 7 devices) Typical Range 10m / 32ft (Class 2) 100m / 328ft (Class 1) 31

32 Cellular GSM/GPRS is commonly known as cell phone technology Requires a SIM card and service plan to operate A GSM device works like a dial up modem-has a phone number, primarily used for SMS GPRS uses IP based networking for data transfer Can provide global data access Frequency TX Power Transmission Data Rate Topology Typical Range GSM/GPRS 850, 900, 1800, 1900MHz 2W (850/900MHz) 1W (1800/1900MHz) TDMA 14.4kbps (GSM) 85.6kbps (GPRS) Star Global via cellular network 32

33 Cellular Applications Machine-to-machine communications (M2M) SCADA monitoring & control Remote alarm and status monitoring Remote data access I/O Monitoring & Alarming Remote Data Acquisition 33

34 Wireless Sensor Networks IEEE

35 The Mesh Concept 35

36 WirelessHART Wireless protocol for process measurement, control and asset management Based on HART protocol that is reported used in more than 30 million devices worldwide Frequency TX Power WirelessHART 2.4GHz 10dBm Key attributes: reliability, security and effective power management Transmission Data Rate DSSS with channel hopping 250kbps Key suppliers: Emerson, several others such as Phoenix Contact Topology Typical Range Star, Mesh 50m / 165ft in-plant 250m / 820ft LOS 36

37 What is HART? HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) protocol is the global standard for smart process instrumentation. 37

38 HART Applications Most installed DCS systems do not have HART capability and only use 4-20mA HART Device Non-HART DCS HART Device HART Device 38

39 HART Applications RS485 HART Device HART Device Non-HART DCS HART Device 39

40 to WirelessHART HART Device HART Device Non-HART DCS HART Device 40

41 ISA100 ISA100 is a new wireless standard with multiple wireless subsections: instruments, backhaul, power ANSI/ISA a-2011 has similarities & differences to WirelessHART Frequency TX Power ISA GHz 10dBm a supports multiple protocols Key suppliers: Honeywell, Yokogawa Transmission Data Rate Topology DSSS 250kbps Star, Mesh Typical Range 50m / 165ft in-plant 250m / 820ft LOS 41

42 ISA100 & WirelessHART ISA100.11a & WirelessHART - only wireless standards specifically intended for industrial applications WirelessHART IEC ISA100.11a ANSI/ISA-100 is a family of standards covering a wide range of wireless industrial needs The ISA 100 committee: Consensus among a balanced membership allows the committee to rise above special interests and do what is right for the industry 42

43 Which is the right technology for my application? Understand different data rate needs Distance and/or coverage requirements Wireless technology pros/cons Networking topology options and transmission methods Installed cost as well as cost of ownership 43

44 Which is the right technology for my application? 2000ft 2.4/5.8 GHz Proprietary Wireless 1000ft- 10mi 900MHz Global 850/900/ 1800/ 1900Mz <500ft 2.4GHz 750ft* 2.4GHz * Can increase WiHART Range with higher gai antenna options >20mi MHz Maximum Range Frequency Enterprise Ethernet Network SCADA Ethernet Network Serial Data Analog Digital I/O 44

45 Summary The use of wireless technology in industrial applications continues to grow More industrial wireless standards are being developed There is not a one size fits all wireless technology available A variety of radio platforms exist that are designed and optimized for specific applications Select the right one for your application 45