Electromagnetic Waveguides and Transmission Lines

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1 Electromagnetic Waveguides and Transmission Lines FRANK OLYSLAGER Department of Information Technology University of Gent CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD 1999

2 CONTENTS List of symbols xv 1 Introduction Historical note Introduction A brief tour through the book Maxwell's equations The Lorentz reciprocity theorem Waveguide geometry and notation Classification of waveguides Open and closed waveguides Homogeneous and hybrid waveguides Electric, dielectric and optical waveguides Isotropic, anisotropic, bi-isotropic and bianisotropic waveguides Reciprocal and non-reciprocal waveguides Lossless and non-lossless waveguides One-, two- and three-dimensional waveguides Exercises 15 2 Transmission lines for quasi-tem fields Introduction Homogeneous isotropic waveguides TEM solution Symmetry of circuit parameters Power and field integral Inhomogeneous isotropic waveguides TEM solution Quasi-TEM solution Validity range Symmetry of circuit parameters Lossless and lossy materials Power and field integral Inhomogeneous anisotropic waveguides Static solution Quasi-TEM solution Symmetry of circuit parameters Lossless and lossy materials Validity range 37

3 xii CONTENTS Power and field integral Properties of transmission lines Lossless and lossy transmission lines Reciprocal transmission lines Exercises 39 3 Transmission lines for full-wave fields Introduction Modal solutions Three-dimensional waveguides Two-dimensional waveguides One-dimensional waveguides Lossless waveguides Periodic and random waveguides Asymptotic behaviour Waveguides with gain Full Maxwell equations Properties of eigenmodes in isotropic waveguides Modal relationships Normalization Lossless waveguides Power and field integral Properties of eigenmodes in transmission lines Modal solutions Modal relationships Lossless transmission line Normalization Power and field integral Equivalent transmission line model Determination of the current mode matrix for electric waveguides The junction of waveguides The connection of a waveguide to a generator Properties of waveguide junctions Power-based transmission line models Anisotropic and bianisotropic waveguides Exercises 88 4 Bitransmission lines for quasi-tem fields Introduction Homogeneous bi-isotropic waveguides TEM solution Power and field integral Inhomogeneous bi-isotropic waveguides Static solution 97

4 CONTENTS xiii Quasi-TEM solution Symmetry of circuit parameters Lossless materials Power and field integral Inhomogeneous bianisotropic waveguides Static solution Quasi-TEM solution Symmetry of circuit parameters Lossless materials Power and field integral Properties of bitransmission lines Lossless and lossy bitransmission lines Reciprocal bitransmission lines Exercises Bitransmission lines for full-wave fields Introduction Properties of eigenmodes in bianisotropic waveguides Reciprocity Normalization Bidirectionality Lossless waveguides Modal solutions Three-dimensional waveguides General bianisotropic waveguides Properties of eigenmodes in bitransmission lines Modal solutions Reciprocity Normalization Bidirectionality Lossless bitransmission lines The relation between opposite modes in bitransmission lines Single bitransmission line Perturbational analysis The general case The relation between opposite modes in bianisotropic waveguides Bitransmission line models Single reciprocal bitransmission line Single non-reciprocal bitransmission line Coupled reciprocal bitransmission lines Coupled non-reciprocal bitransmission lines The junction of waveguides Properties of waveguide junctions Exercises 160

5 xiv CONTENTS 6 Fields incident on transmission lines Introduction Excitation of eigenmodes Transmission line representation Power-based transmission line models Coupled waveguides The junction of waveguides Circuit representation Quasi-TEM fields Exercises Fields incident on bitransmission lines Introduction Excitation of eigenmodes Transmission line representation The junction of waveguides Circuit representation Exercise Mathematics Introduction Dyadic analysis Matrix analysis Operator analysis Fourier and Laplace transformations Cauchy's residue theorem Integral theorems The Floquet-Bloch theorem 206 References 211 Index 217

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