ENGINEERING CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "ENGINEERING CIRCUIT ANALYSIS"

Osborn Maxwell
5 years ago
Views:

2 ENGINEERING CIRCUIT ANALYSIS EIGHTH EDITION William H. Hayt, Jr. (deceased) Purdue University Jack E. Kemmerly (deceased) California State University Steven M. Durbin University at Buffalo The State University of New York

3 ENGINEERING CIRCUIT ANALYSIS, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY Copyright 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions 2007, 2002, and Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper DOW/DOW ISBN MHID Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Marty Lange Vice President & Director of Specialized Publishing: Janice M. Roerig-Blong Editorial Director: Michael Lange Global Publisher: Raghothaman Srinivasan Senior Marketing Manager: Curt Reynolds Developmental Editor: Darlene M. Schueller Lead Project Manager: Jane Mohr Buyer: Kara Kudronowicz Design Coordinator: Brenda A. Rolwes Senior Photo Research Coordinator: John C. Leland Senior Media Project Manager: Tammy Juran Compositor: MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company Typeface: 10/12 Times Roman Printer: R. R. Donnelley Cover Image: Getty Images Cover Designer: Studio Montage, St. Louis, Missouri MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. PSpice is a registered trademark of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. The following photos are courtesy of Steve Durbin: Page 5, Fig. 2.22a, 2.24a c, 5.34, 6.1a, 7.2a c, 7.11a b, 13.15, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hayt, William Hart, Engineering circuit analysis / William H. Hayt, Jr., Jack E. Kemmerly, Steven M. Durbin. 8th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN Electric circuit analysis. 2. Electric network analysis. I. Kemmerly, Jack E. (Jack Ellsworth), II. Durbin, Steven M. III. Title. TK454.H '2 dc

4 BRIEF CONTENTS PREFACE xv 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 BASIC COMPONENTS AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 9 3 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LAWS 39 4 BASIC NODAL AND MESH ANALYSIS 79 5 HANDY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS BASIC RL AND RC CIRCUITS THE RLC CIRCUIT SINUSOIDAL STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS AC CIRCUIT POWER ANALYSIS POLYPHASE CIRCUITS MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS COMPLEX FREQUENCY AND THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM CIRCUIT ANALYSIS IN THE s-domain FREQUENCY RESPONSE TWO-PORT NETWORKS FOURIER CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 733 Appendix 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK TOPOLOGY 791 Appendix 2 SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS 803 Appendix 3 A PROOF OF THÉVENIN S THEOREM 811 Appendix 4 A PSPICE TUTORIAL 813 Appendix 5 COMPLEX NUMBERS 817 Appendix 6 A BRIEF MATLAB TUTORIAL 827 Appendix 7 ADDITIONAL LAPLACE TRANSFORM THEOREMS 833 INDEX 839 ix

5 CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Overview of Text Relationship of Circuit Analysis to Engineering Analysis and Design Computer-Aided Analysis Successful Problem-Solving Strategies 7 READING FURTHER 8 CHAPTER 2 BASIC COMPONENTS AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Units and Scales Charge, Current, Voltage, and Power Voltage and Current Sources Ohm s Law 22 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 28 READING FURTHER 29 EXERCISES 29 CHAPTER 3 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LAWS Nodes, Paths, Loops, and Branches Kirchhoff s Current Law Kirchhoff s Voltage Law The Single-Loop Circuit The Single-Node-Pair Circuit Series and Parallel Connected Sources Resistors in Series and Parallel Voltage and Current Division 61 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 66 READING FURTHER 67 EXERCISES 67 CHAPTER 4 BASIC NODAL AND MESH ANALYSIS Nodal Analysis The Supernode Mesh Analysis The Supermesh Nodal vs. Mesh Analysis: A Comparison Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis 103 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 107 READING FURTHER 109 EXERCISES 109 CHAPTER 5 HANDY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES Linearity and Superposition Source Transformations Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits Maximum Power Transfer Delta-Wye Conversion Selecting an Approach: A Summary of Various Techniques 157 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 158 READING FURTHER 159 EXERCISES 159 CHAPTER 6 THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER Background The Ideal Op Amp: A Cordial Introduction Cascaded Stages Circuits for Voltage and Current Sources Practical Considerations Comparators and the Instrumentation Amplifier 203 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 206 READING FURTHER 207 EXERCISES 208 CHAPTER 7 CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS The Capacitor The Inductor Inductance and Capacitance Combinations Consequences of Linearity Simple Op Amp Circuits with Capacitors Duality 242 xi

6 xii CONTENTS 7.7 Modeling Capacitors and Inductors with PSpice 245 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 247 READING FURTHER 249 EXERCISES 249 CHAPTER 8 BASIC RL AND RC CIRCUITS The Source-Free RL Circuit Properties of the Exponential Response The Source-Free RC Circuit A More General Perspective The Unit-Step Function Driven RL Circuits Natural and Forced Response Driven RC Circuits Predicting the Response of Sequentially Switched Circuits 300 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 306 READING FURTHER 308 EXERCISES 309 CHAPTER 9 THE RLC CIRCUIT The Source-Free Parallel Circuit The Overdamped Parallel RLC Circuit Critical Damping The Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit The Source-Free Series RLC Circuit The Complete Response of the RLC Circuit The Lossless LC Circuit 359 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 361 READING FURTHER 363 EXERCISES 363 CHAPTER 10 SINUSOIDAL STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS Characteristics of Sinusoids Forced Response to Sinusoidal Functions The Complex Forcing Function The Phasor Impedance and Admittance Nodal and Mesh Analysis Superposition, Source Transformations and Thévenin s Theorem Phasor Diagrams 406 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 409 READING FURTHER 410 EXERCISES 410 CHAPTER 11 AC CIRCUIT POWER ANALYSIS Instantaneous Power Average Power Effective Values of Current and Voltage Apparent Power and Power Factor Complex Power 441 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 447 READING FURTHER 449 EXERCISES 449 CHAPTER 12 POLYPHASE CIRCUITS Polyphase Systems Single-Phase Three-Wire Systems Three-Phase Y-Y Connection The Delta ( ) Connection Power Measurement in Three-Phase Systems 476 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 484 READING FURTHER 486 EXERCISES 486 CHAPTER 13 MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS Mutual Inductance Energy Considerations The Linear Transformer The Ideal Transformer 512 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 522 READING FURTHER 523 EXERCISES 523 CHAPTER 14 COMPLEX FREQUENCY AND THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM Complex Frequency The Damped Sinusoidal Forcing Function Definition of the Laplace Transform Laplace Transforms of Simple Time Functions Inverse Transform Techniques Basic Theorems for the Laplace Transform 553

7 CONTENTS xiii 14.7 The Initial-Value and Final-Value Theorems 561 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 564 READING FURTHER 565 EXERCISES 565 CHAPTER 15 CIRCUIT ANALYSIS IN THE s-domain Z(s) and Y(s) Nodal and Mesh Analysis in the s-domain Additional Circuit Analysis Techniques Poles, Zeros, and Transfer Functions Convolution The Complex-Frequency Plane Natural Response and the s Plane A Technique for Synthesizing the Voltage Ratio H(s) = V out /V in 606 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 610 READING FURTHER 612 EXERCISES 612 CHAPTER 16 FREQUENCY RESPONSE Parallel Resonance Bandwidth and High-Q Circuits Series Resonance Other Resonant Forms Scaling Bode Diagrams Basic Filter Design Advanced Filter Design 672 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 677 READING FURTHER 679 EXERCISES 679 CHAPTER 17 TWO-PORT NETWORKS One-Port Networks Admittance Parameters Some Equivalent Networks Impedance Parameters Hybrid Parameters Transmission Parameters 716 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 720 READING FURTHER 721 EXERCISES 722 CHAPTER 18 FOURIER CIRCUIT ANALYSIS Trigonometric Form of the Fourier Series The Use of Symmetry Complete Response to Periodic Forcing Functions Complex Form of the Fourier Series Definition of the Fourier Transform Some Properties of the Fourier Transform Fourier Transform Pairs for Some Simple Time Functions The Fourier Transform of a General Periodic Time Function The System Function and Response in the Frequency Domain The Physical Significance of the System Function 777 SUMMARY AND REVIEW 782 READING FURTHER 783 EXERCISES 783 APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 AN INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK TOPOLOGY 791 SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS 803 A PROOF OF THÉVENIN S THEOREM 811 APPENDIX 4 A PSPICE TUTORIAL 813 APPENDIX 5 COMPLEX NUMBERS 817 APPENDIX 6 A BRIEF MATLAB TUTORIAL 827 APPENDIX 7 INDEX 839 ADDITIONAL LAPLACE TRANSFORM THEOREMS 833

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. Third Edition JOSEPH EDMINISTER MAHMOOD NAHVI

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. Third Edition JOSEPH EDMINISTER MAHMOOD NAHVI ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Third Edition JOSEPH EDMINISTER MAHMOOD NAHVI Includes 364 solved problems --fully explained Complete coverage of the fundamental, core concepts of electric circuits All-new chapters