Lines and Slotlines. Microstrip. Third Edition. Ramesh Garg. Inder Bahl. Maurizio Bozzi ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON LONDON. artechhouse.

Transcription

1 Microstrip Lines and Slotlines Third Edition Ramesh Garg Inder Bahl Maurizio Bozzi ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON LONDON artechhouse.com

2 Contents Preface xi Microstrip Lines I: Quasi-Static Analyses, Dispersion Models, and Measurements Introduction Planar Transmission Structures Microstrip Field Configuration Methods of Microstrip Analysis Quasi-Static Analyses of a Microstrip Modified Conformal Transformation Method Finite Difference Method 11 Method Integral Equation Variational Method in the Fourier Transform Domain Segmentation and Boundary Element Method (SBEM) Microstrip Dispersion Models Coupled TEM Mode and TM Mode Model An Empirical Relation Dielectric-Loaded Ridged Waveguide Model Empirical Formulae for Broad Frequency Range Planar Waveguide Model Some Comments Microstrip Transitions Coaxial-to-Microstrip Transition Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition Microstrip Measurements Substrate Dielectric Constant Characteristic Impendance Phase Velocity or Effective Dielectric Constant Attenuation Constant Fabrication Printed Circuit Technologies Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuits Monolithic Integrated Circuit Technologies 51 References 53 v

3 vi Contents CHAPTER 2 Microstrip Lines II: Fullwave Analyses, Design Considerations, and Applications Methods of Fullwave Analysis Analysis of an Open Microstrip Integral Equation Method in the Space Domain Galerkin's Method in the Spectral Domain Discussion of Results Analysis of an Enclosed Microstrip Integral Equation Methods Finite Difference Method Discussion of Results Design Considerations Microstrip Power Handling Capability 82 Losses Effect of Tolerances Effect of Dielectric Anisotropy Design Equations Frequency Range of Operation Lumped Element Model of Microstrip Interconnect Other Types of Microstrip Suspended and Inverted Microstrip Lines 109 Lines Multilayered Dielectric Microstrip Thin Film Microstrip (TFM) Valley Microstrip Lines Buried Microstrip Line Superconducting Microstrip Circuits Microstrip Applications Lumped Elements Passive Components Active Components Packages and Assemblies 130 References 131 Microstrip Discontinuities I: Quasi-Static Analysis and Characterization Introduction Discontinuity Capacitance Evaluation Matrix Inversion Method Variational Method Galerkin's Method in the Fourier Transform Domain Use of Line Sources with Charge Reversal Discontinuity Inductance Evaluation Characterization of Various Discontinuities Open Ends Gaps in a Microstrip 160

4 Contents vii Steps in Width Bends T-junctions Cross Junctions Notch RF Short and Via Hole Compensated Microstrip Discontinuities Step in Width Bends T-junction 182 References 185 Microstrip Discontinuities II: Fullwave Analysis and Measurements Planar Waveguide Analysis Discontinuity Characterization Compensation of Discontinuity Reactances Radiation and Parasitic Coupling Fullwave Analysis of Discontinuities Galerkin's Method in the Spectral Domain Integral Equation Solution in the Space Domain Time Domain Methods for Microstrip Discontinuity Characterization Discontinuity Measurements Linear Resonator Method Ring Resonator Method Scattering Parameters Measurement Method 235 References 236 Slotlines Introduction Slotline Analysis Approximate Analysis Transverse Resonance Method Galerkin's Method in the Spectral Domain Design Considerations Closed-Form Expressions Effect of Metal Thickness Effect of Tolerances Losses in Slotline Slotline Discontinuities Short End Discontinuty Open End Discontinuity Variants of Slotline Coupled Microstrip-Slotline 262

5 viii Contents Conductor-Backed Slotline Conductor-Backed Slotline with Superstrate Slotlines with Double-Layered Dielectric Slotline Transitions Coaxial-to-Slotline Transition Microstrip-to-Slotline Cross-Junction Transition Slotline Applications Circuits Using T-junctions Circuits Using Wideband 180 Phase Shift Hybrid/de Ronde's Branchline Couplers Other Types of Slotline Circuits 296 References 297 Defected Ground Structure (DGS) Introduction Basic Structure of DGS Unit Cell and Periodic DGS Advantages and Disadvantages of DGS DGS Characteristics Stop-Band Properties Slow-Wave Propagation Realization of Transmission Lines with High Characteristic Impedance Modeling of DGS Full-Wave Modeling Equivalent Circuit Models Applications of DGS DGS-Based Filters Other DGS-Based Passive Components DGS-Based Active Circuits DGS-Based Antennas 340 References 343 Coplanar Lines: Coplanar Waveguide and Coplanar Strips Introduction Analysis Quasi-Static Conformal Mapping Analysis of CPW Quasi-Static Conformal Mapping Analysis of CPS Fullwave Analysis Design Considerations Design Equations Dispersion Effect of Metallization Thickness Losses in Coplanar Lines Dielectric Loss 386

6 Contents ix Conductor Loss Radiation and Surface Wave Losses Effect of Tolerances Comparison with Microstrip Line and Slotline Transitions Coax-to-CPW Transitions Microstrip-to-CPS Transitions Microstrip-to-CPW Transition CPW-to-CPS Transitions CPS-to-Slotline Transitions Slotline-to-CPW Transitions Discontinuities in Coplanar Lines CAD Models for Discontinuities in Coplanar Waveguide Circuits CAD Models for Discontinuities in Coplanar Strips Circuits Coplanar Line Circuits Circuits with Series and Shunt Reactances in CPW Circuits Using Slotline-CPW Junctions 420 References 425 Coupled Microstrip Lines Introduction General Analysis of Coupled Lines Methods of Analysis Coupled Mode Approach Even- and Odd-Mode Approach Characteristics of Coupled Microstrip Lines Quasi-Static Analysis Fullwave Analysis Dispersion Models Measurements on Coupled Microstrip Lines Impedance Measurements Phase Constant Measurements Design Considerations for Coupled Microstrip Lines Design Equations Losses Effect of Fabrication Tolerances Coupled Microstrip Lines with Dielectric Overlays Effect of Dielectric Anisotropy Slot-Coupled Microstrip Lines Coupled Multiconductor Microstrip Lines Discontinuities in Coupled Microstrip Lines Network Model Open-End Discontinuity 490 References 491

7 X Contents CHAPTER 9 Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Introduction Geometry Operation Principle Analysis Techniques of SIW Equivalent Rectangular Waveguide Full-wave Modeling of SIW Interconnects Full-wave Modeling of SrW Components Equivalent Circuits Models of SrW Discontinuities Design Considerations Mechanisms of Loss Guided-wave and Leaky-wave Regions of Operation Band-gap Effects in SIW Structures SIW Design Rules Other SIW Configurations Substrate Integrated Folded Waveguide (SIFW) Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) Substrate Integrated Slab Waveguide (SISW) Substrate Integrated Ridge Waveguide (SIRW) Transitions Between SIW and Planar Transmission Lines Microstrip-to-SIW Transitions CPW-to-SIW Transitions SIW Components and Antennas Passive Components Active Circuits Antennas System-on-Substrate (SoS) Fabrication Technologies and Materials Fabrication by PCB and LTCC Technologies Integration of SIW on Silicon Use of Novel Substrate Materials Solutions for High Frequency Operation of SIW 559 References 559 About the Authors 567 Index 569