Contents. 3 Pulse Propagation in Dispersive Media Maxwell s Equations 1. 4 Propagation in Birefringent Media 132
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1 vi 2.13 Propagation in Negative-Index Media, Problems, 74 3 Pulse Propagation in Dispersive Media 83 Contents Preface xii 1 Maxwell s Equations Maxwell s Equations, Lorentz Force, Constitutive Relations, Negative Index Media, Boundary Conditions, Currents, Fluxes, and Conservation Laws, Charge Conservation, Energy Flux and Energy Conservation, Harmonic Time Dependence, Simple Models of Dielectrics, Conductors, and Plasmas, Dielectrics, Conductors, Charge Relaxation in Conductors, Power Losses, Plasmas, Energy Density in Lossless Dispersive Dielectrics, Kramers-Kronig Dispersion Relations, Group Velocity, Energy Velocity, Problems, 31 2 Uniform Plane Waves Uniform Plane Waves in Lossless Media, Monochromatic Waves, Energy Density and Flux, Wave Impedance, Polarization, Uniform Plane Waves in Lossy Media, Propagation in Weakly Lossy Dielectrics, Propagation in Good Conductors, Skin Effect in Cylindrical Wires, Propagation in Oblique Directions, Complex or Inhomogeneous Waves, Doppler Effect, Propagation Filter, Front Velocity and Causality, Exact Impulse Response Examples, Transient and Steady-State Behavior, Pulse Propagation and Group Velocity, Group Velocity Dispersion and Pulse Spreading, Propagation and Chirping, Dispersion Compensation, Slow, Fast, and Negative Group Velocities, Chirp Radar and Pulse Compression, Further Reading, Problems, Propagation in Birefringent Media Linear and Circular Birefringence, Uniaxial and Biaxial Media, Chiral Media, Gyrotropic Media, Linear and Circular Dichroism, Oblique Propagation in Birefringent Media, Problems, Reflection and Transmission Propagation Matrices, Matching Matrices, Reflected and Transmitted Power, Single Dielectric Slab, Reflectionless Slab, Time-Domain Reflection Response, Two Dielectric Slabs, Reflection by a Moving Boundary, Problems, Multilayer Structures Multiple Dielectric Slabs, Antireflection Coatings, Dielectric Mirrors, Propagation Bandgaps, Narrow-Band Transmission Filters, Equal Travel-Time Multilayer Structures, Applications of Layered Structures, Chebyshev Design of Reflectionless Multilayers, Problems, 234 v
2 vii viii 7 Oblique Incidence Oblique Incidence and Snel s Laws, Transverse Impedance, Propagation and Matching of Transverse Fields, Fresnel Reflection Coefficients, Maximum Angle and Critical Angle, Brewster Angle, Complex Waves, Total Internal Reflection, Oblique Incidence on a Lossy Medium, Zenneck Surface Wave, Surface Plasmons, Oblique Reflection from a Moving Boundary, Geometrical Optics, Fermat s Principle, Ray Tracing, Snel s Law in Negative-Index Media, Problems, Multilayer Film Applications Multilayer Dielectric Structures at Oblique Incidence, Lossy Multilayer Structures, Single Dielectric Slab, Frustrated Total Internal Reflection, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Perfect Lens in Negative-Index Media, Antireflection Coatings at Oblique Incidence, Omnidirectional Dielectric Mirrors, Polarizing Beam Splitters, Reflection and Refraction in Birefringent Media, Brewster and Critical Angles in Birefringent Media, Multilayer Birefringent Structures, Giant Birefringent Optics, Problems, Waveguides Longitudinal-Transverse Decompositions, Power Transfer and Attenuation, TEM, TE, and TM modes, Rectangular Waveguides, Higher TE and TM modes, Operating Bandwidth, Power Transfer, Energy Density, and Group Velocity, Power Attenuation, Reflection Model of Waveguide Propagation, Resonant Cavities, Dielectric Slab Waveguides, Asymmetric Dielectric Slab, Problems, Surface Waveguides Plasmonic Waveguides, Single Metal-Dielectric Interface, Power Transfer, Energy & Group Velocities, MDM Configuration Lossless Case, Oscillatory Modes, MDM Configuration Lossy Case, Gap Surface Plasmons, PEC Limit, Anomalous Complex Modes, DMD Configuration Lossless Case, DMD Configuration Lossy Case, Symmetric DMD Waveguides, Asymmetric DMD Waveguides, Note on Computations, Sommerfeld Wire, Power Transfer and Power Loss, Connection to Zenneck Surface Wave, Skin Effect for Round Wire, Goubau Line, Planar Limit of the Goubau Line, Problems, Transmission Lines General Properties of TEM Transmission Lines, Parallel Plate Lines, Microstrip Lines, Coaxial Lines, Two-Wire Lines, Distributed Circuit Model of a Transmission Line, Wave Impedance and Reflection Response, Two-Port Equivalent Circuit, Terminated Transmission Lines, Power Transfer from Generator to Load, Open- and Short-Circuited Transmission Lines, Standing Wave Ratio, Determining an Unknown Load Impedance, Smith Chart, Time-Domain Response of Transmission Lines, Problems, Coupled Lines Coupled Transmission Lines, Crosstalk Between Lines, Weakly Coupled Lines with Arbitrary Terminations, Coupled-Mode Theory, 605
3 ix x 12.5 Fiber Bragg Gratings, Diffuse Reflection and Transmission, Problems, Impedance Matching Conjugate and Reflectionless Matching, Multisection Transmission Lines, Quarter-Wavelength Chebyshev Transformers, Two-Section Dual-Band Chebyshev Transformers, Quarter-Wavelength Transformer With Series Section, Quarter-Wavelength Transformer With Shunt Stub, Two-Section Series Impedance Transformer, Single Stub Matching, Balanced Stubs, Double and Triple Stub Matching, L-Section Lumped Reactive Matching Networks, Pi-Section Lumped Reactive Matching Networks, Reversed Matching Networks, Problems, S-Parameters Scattering Parameters, Power Flow, Parameter Conversions, Input and Output Reflection Coefficients, Stability Circles, Power Gains, Generalized S-Parameters and Power Waves, Simultaneous Conjugate Matching, Power Gain Circles, Unilateral Gain Circles, Operating and Available Power Gain Circles, Noise Figure Circles, Problems, Radiation Fields Currents and Charges as Sources of Fields, Retarded Potentials, Harmonic Time Dependence, Fields of a Linear Wire Antenna, Fields of Electric and Magnetic Dipoles, Ewald-Oseen Extinction Theorem, Radiation Fields, Radial Coordinates, Radiation Field Approximation, Computing the Radiation Fields, Problems, Transmitting and Receiving Antennas Energy Flux and Radiation Intensity, Directivity, Gain, and Beamwidth, Effective Area, Antenna Equivalent Circuits, Effective Length, Communicating Antennas, Antenna Noise Temperature, System Noise Temperature, Data Rate Limits, Satellite Links, Radar Equation, Problems, Linear and Loop Antennas Linear Antennas, Hertzian Dipole, Standing-Wave Antennas, Half-Wave Dipole, Monopole Antennas, Traveling-Wave Antennas, Vee and Rhombic Antennas, Loop Antennas, Circular Loops, Square Loops, Dipole and Quadrupole Radiation, Problems, Radiation from Apertures Field Equivalence Principle, Magnetic Currents and Duality, Radiation Fields from Magnetic Currents, Radiation Fields from Apertures, Huygens Source, Directivity and Effective Area of Apertures, Uniform Apertures, Rectangular Apertures, Circular Apertures, Vector Diffraction Theory, Extinction Theorem, Vector Diffraction for Apertures, Fresnel Diffraction, Knife-Edge Diffraction, Geometrical Theory of Diffraction, Problems, 841
4 xi xii 19 Diffraction Plane-Wave Spectrum Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Diffraction Theory, Plane-Wave Spectrum Representation, Far-Field Diffraction Pattern, One-Dimensional Apertures, Plane-Wave Spectrum Vector Case, Far-Field Approximation, Radiation Pattern, Radiated and Reactive Power, Directivity, Smythe Diffraction Formulas, Apertures in Conducting Screens, Sommerfeld s Half-Plane Problem Revisited, Diffraction by Small Holes Bethe-Bouwkamp Model, Plane-Wave Spectrum Bethe-Bouwkamp Model, Babinet Principle, Problems, Diffraction Fourier Optics Fresnel Approximation, Self-Imaging of Periodic Structures Talbot Effect, Fraunhofer Approximation, Cascading of Optical Elements, Lenses Transmittance Properties, Magnification Properties of Lenses, Point-Spread Function of a Lens, Cylindrically-Symmetric and One-Dimensional Lenses, Shift-Invariance and Coherent Transfer Function, Fourier Transformation Properties of Lenses, F Optical Processor, Apodization Design and Aperture Synthesis, Prolate Window, Taylor s One-Parameter Window, Taylor s N-bar Window, Circularly Symmetric Apodization Functions, Hansen One-Parameter Window, Fourier-Bessel and Dini Series Expansions, Taylor s Two-Dimensional N-bar Window, Star-Shaped Masks, Starshade Occulters, Superresolving Apertures, Superdirectivity, Superresolution, Superoscillations, Problems, Aperture Antennas Open-Ended Waveguides, Horn Antennas, Horn Radiation Fields, Horn Directivity, Horn Design, Microstrip Antennas, Parabolic Reflector Antennas, Gain and Beamwidth of Reflector Antennas, Aperture-Field and Current-Distribution Methods, Radiation Patterns of Reflector Antennas, Dual-Reflector Antennas, Lens Antennas, Antenna Arrays Antenna Arrays, Translational Phase Shift, Array Pattern Multiplication, One-Dimensional Arrays, Visible Region, Grating Lobes, Uniform Arrays, Array Directivity, Array Steering, Array Beamwidth, Problems, Array Design Methods Array Design Methods, Schelkunoff s Zero Placement Method, Fourier Series Method with Windowing, Sector Beam Array Design, Woodward-Lawson Frequency-Sampling Design, Discretization of Continuous Line Sources, Narrow-Beam Low-Sidelobe Designs, Binomial Arrays, Dolph-Chebyshev Arrays, Taylor One-Parameter Source, Prolate Array, Taylor Line Source, Villeneuve Arrays, Multibeam Arrays, Problems, Currents on Linear Antennas Hallén and Pocklington Integral Equations, Delta-Gap, Frill Generator, and Plane-Wave Sources, Solving Hallén s Equation, Sinusoidal Current Approximation, Reflecting and Center-Loaded Receiving Antennas, King s Three-Term Approximation, Evaluation of the Exact Kernel, Method of Moments, Delta-Function Basis, Pulse Basis, 1201
5 24.11 Triangular Basis, NEC Sinusoidal Basis, Hallén s Equation for Arbitrary Incident Field, Solving Pocklington s Equation, Problems, Coupled Antennas Near Fields of Linear Antennas, Improved Near-Field Calculation, Self and Mutual Impedance, Coupled Two-Element Arrays, Arrays of Parallel Dipoles, Yagi-Uda Antennas, Hallén Equations for Coupled Antennas, Problems, Appendices 1266 A Physical Constants, 1266 B Electromagnetic Frequency Bands, 1267 C Vector Identities and Integral Theorems, 1269 D Green s Functions, 1272 E Coordinate Systems, 1278 F Fresnel Integrals, 1281 G Exponential, Sine, and Cosine Integrals, 1286 H Stationary Phase Approximation, 1288 I Gauss-Legendre and Double-Exponential Quadrature, 1291 J Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions, 1298 K Lorentz Transformations, 1322 L MATLAB Functions, 1330 References 1335 Index 1401
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