A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS Low Noise Amplifier
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1 A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS Low Noise Amplifier Gustavo Campos Martins, Fernando Rangel de Sousa Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Integrated Circuits Laboratory (LCI) August 31, 2012 G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
2 Summary 1 Introduction 2 Design Methodology 3 Simulation and Measurement Results 4 Conclusion G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
3 Summary 1 Introduction 2 Design Methodology 3 Simulation and Measurement Results 4 Conclusion G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
4 Goal Applications require low power and small footprint The goal of this work is to design a low noise amplifier for: ISM 2.4GHz 50 Ω input and output impedances 0.18 µm CMOS technology 1.8 V supply voltage G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
5 Single transistor amplifiers Vdd Vdd Vdd LNAs are usually designed with a single transistor: Common-source: Driver; Poor reverse isolation Common-gate: Matching with higher bandwidth; Noise Common-drain: gain 1; buffer G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
6 Single transistor amplifiers Vdd Vdd Vdd LNAs are usually designed with a single transistor: Common-source: Driver; Poor reverse isolation Common-gate: Matching with higher bandwidth; Noise Common-drain: gain 1; buffer G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
7 Single transistor amplifiers Vdd Vdd Vdd LNAs are usually designed with a single transistor: Common-source: Driver; Poor reverse isolation Common-gate: Matching with higher bandwidth; Noise Common-drain: gain 1; buffer G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
8 Single transistor amplifiers Vdd Vdd Vdd LNAs are usually designed with a single transistor: Common-source: Driver; Poor reverse isolation Common-gate: Matching with higher bandwidth; Noise Common-drain: gain 1; buffer G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
9 Cascode amplifier It is possible to obtain better results using combinations of the single-transistor topologies The cascode topology was chosen Can maintain gain up to high frequencies High reverse isolation Reduces voltage swing at the output Cannot be as low-noise as a single transistor amplifier due to the noise added by the second element G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
10 Summary 1 Introduction 2 Design Methodology 3 Simulation and Measurement Results 4 Conclusion G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
11 Cascode Topology G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
12 Design Methodology STEP 1: Current density that provides the lowest NF min v 2 no,r g v 2 no,i d 4kTr g g 2 m1r 2 L I D 4kT γg m1 R 2 L I D v 2 no,i g 4 5 kt δω2 C 2 gs1g m1 R 2 L I D P out = v 2 out R L = g 2 mv 2 inr L I D Increasing I D should decrease NF, but at higher currents other effects are observed. Lowest NF min at I D /W = 60 µa/µm G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
13 Design Methodology STEP 2: Size the transistor making R{Y opt } = 1/50 S F = F min + R n G s Y s Y opt 2 L of transistors is kept minimum for maximum f T W = 46.5 µm G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
14 Design Methodology STEP 3: place and size L S for R{Z in } = 50 Ω. Z in (s) = 1 sc gs1 + s(l S + L G ) + g m1 C gs1 L S L S = 1.55nH G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
15 Design Methodology STEP 4: Place and size the L G so that Im{Z in } = 0 L G = 1 ω 2 C gs1 L S L g = 20.27nH G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
16 Design Methodology The W of cascoded transistor (common-gate) was chosen to provide enough gain and low parasitic capacitances The W of the buffer transistors were chosen to present low parasitic capacitances and provide 50 Ω output impedance at a reasonable I Buffer The tank circuit was designed to resonate at 2.4GHz, parasitic capacitances must be considered G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
17 Summary 1 Introduction 2 Design Methodology 3 Simulation and Measurement Results 4 Conclusion G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
18 Layout and Test-bench VNA 1 2 LNA Bias Vdd gnd Buffer SPA G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
19 S-parameters Measurement and Comparison S 21 (db) S 12 (db) Measured Simulated Frequency (GHz) Measured Simulated At 2.4 GHz S 21,meas S 21,sim = = 2.3 db S 12,meas S 12,sim = 34 ( 45) = 11 db Frequency (GHz) G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
20 S-parameters Measurement and Comparison S 22 (db) S 11 (db) Measured Simulated Frequency (GHz) Measured Simulated At 2.4 GHz S 22,meas S 22,sim = 13.1 ( 16.2) = 3.1 db S 11,meas S 11,sim = 8 ( 23) = 15 db Frequency (GHz) G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
21 Linearity analysis S 21 (db) dB compression=-17.5dbm IIP3 = -7.8 dbm Input Power (dbm) Simulation IIP3 = -6.6 dbm G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
22 Measuring Noise Figure (Y-Factor Method) Pre-amp Sp Spectrum Analyzer LNA Pre-amp Spectrum Analyzer Noise Source Noise Source ENR = T H T C T 0 F T = ENR Y 1, where Y = N off N on F LNA = F T F 2 1 G LNA G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
23 Noise Figure in post-layout simulation Noise Figure Minimum Noise Figure NF (db) NF=2.8dB 4 2 Minimum NF=2.0dB Frequency (GHz) G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
24 Noise Figure NF calculated NF smooth NF simulation 7 NF [db] NF = 4.2 db at 2.4 GHz (2.8 db in simulation) G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
25 Comparison with recent works Parameter [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] This Work Gain (db) NF (db) IIP3 (dbm) Core power (mw) Area (mm 2 ) Supply voltage (V) Technology (nm) F. Belmas, F. Hameau, and J. Fournier. A 1.3mW 20dB gain low power inductorless LNA with 4dB noise figure for 2.45GHz ISM band. In Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), 2011 IEEE, pages 1-4, june S. Manjula and D. Selvathi. Design of micro power CMOS LNA for healthcare applications. In Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS), 2012 International Conference on, pages , march Y. Shen, H. Yang, and R. Luo. A fully integrated 0.18µm CMOS low noise amplifier for 2.4-GHz applications. In ASIC, ASICON th International Conference On, volume 2, pages , oct T. Taris, A. Mabrouki, H. Kraimia, Y. Deval, and J.B. Begueret. Reconfigurable ultra low power LNA for 2.4GHz wireless sensor networks. In Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS), th IEEE International Conference on, pages 74 77, dec L. Zhenying, S. Rustagi, M. Li, and Y. Lian. A 1V, 2.4GHz fully integrated LNA using 0.18µm CMOS technology. In ASIC, Proceedings. 5th International Conference on, volume 2, pages Vol.2, oct G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
26 Summary 1 Introduction 2 Design Methodology 3 Simulation and Measurement Results 4 Conclusion G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
27 Conclusion A Cascode CMOS LNA operating at 2.4 GHz with 4.2 db NF and 14 db gain was designed. The LNA was fabricated and tested. The S-parameters, linearity and NF were analyzed. It has been observed a shift in frequency in S 11, which was due to the inaccuracy in high frequency of the component models and process variation. The other S-parameters and linearity remained within specifications. The measured NF was 1.4 db above the simulated. The LNA has a small area (0.15 mm 2 ). G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
28 Conclusion Thank you G. C. Martins, F. R. de Sousa (UFSC-LCI) A 2.4GHz Cascode CMOS LNA August 31, / 25
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