Weber State University Radiologic Technology 4603
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1 Weber State University Radiologic Technology 4603 MRI Physics and Instrumentation Instructor: Rex T. Christensen MHA R.T. (R) (MR) (CT) (ARRT) CIIP Contact Info: Phone: (cell) (office) Address: Radiology Sciences Weber State University 3925 University Circle Ogden, UT
2 Grading: Grading Scale: A A B B B C C C D D D F Objectives: Exams: Total: 200 pts 400 pts 600 pts Resources: chive 2
3 Studying Suggestions: Focus on key ideas and concepts. Use multiple resources for learning key concepts. Learn in steps (baby steps). Don t be afraid to ask questions (learn from peers). K.I.S.S. Keep It Simple Stupid What makes a good MRI technologist? Education. Have a desire to continue to learn. Be a professional. Be a problem solver, not just a problem identifier. Good communication skills with Dr s, technologists, and patients. Good attitude. ( That s not my job. ). Know the language. Have fun! 3
4 Questions? Career Busters MRI Safety 4
5 Safety Video Brief History: In 1977 Dr. Raymond Damadian and his team performed the first whole body transaxial proton density weighted image that took almost 5 hours to complete. He named his scanner the Indomitable. 5
6 Advantages: MRI vs. CT Non-ionizing radiation Non-invasive Multiplanar Better contrast resolution MRI Equipment: The 3 main components of an MRI: Gantry (magnet) Operating Console Computer 6
7 7
8 RF Coils RF Transmitter RF Receiver (surface coils) Surface coils: Receives the signal from the body. Increases image resolution. Proper coil placement is vital to getting good images. 8
9 Phased Array Coils: Multiple surface coils. High SNR low sensitivity area (single) Shim Coil: This coil enhances the magnetic field homogeneity. Homogeneity = Magnetic field uniformity. Measured in parts per million (PPM) 9
10 Shim Coil: Two kinds of shim coils: Passive (physical way to shim) Active (electronic way to shim) Types of Magnets: Permanent Resistive Superconducting Measured in Tesla (T) 1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss (Gauss is another form of measurement) 10
11 Permanent Magnets: Resistive Magnets: 11
12 Superconducting Magnets: Superconducting Magnets: Most common magnet. Only one with Cryogens. Why? It allows conduction of electricity with no resistance. Most expensive. 12
13 Shielding a Magnet Room Items to consider: Magnetic field strength Location Safety Cost Shielding a Magnet Room Types of shielding: RF shielding (copper) Magnet shielding Passive (steel) Active (reverse magnetic field) 13
14 Gradient Coil: (secondary magnets) Gradient coils are smaller (secondary) magnetic fields that: 1. Select imaging planes. 2. Localize data spatially. Gradient Coil: (secondary magnets) Z, X, Y Gradients: Z gradient coils are circular in shape. The coils are on opposite ends of the gantry. Transverse slices are acquired by this gradient. X gradient coils are 4 saddle shaped coils in sets of two (located on the side of the gradient coil). Saggital slices are acquired by this gradient. Y gradient coils are the same as the X gradient coils (located on the top and bottom of the gradient coil). Coronal slices are acquired by this gradient. 14
15 15
16 Imaging Planes Gradients 16
17 Gradient Amplitude and Rise Time Gradient Amplitude: Strength of the gradients. Measured in millitesla per meter (mt/m). Gradient Rise Time: The time it takes for the gradients to reach their maximum strength or amplitude. Measured in microseconds (ms). Slew Rate: The strength of the gradient over distance. Measured in milli-tesla per meter per second (mt/m/s). Gradient Amplitude Rise Time = Slew Rate Duty Cycle: The percentage of time per TR that the gradient is permitted to be at maximum amplitude, or the work time. Measured in percentage i.e. 50%. Gradient Amplitude and Rise Time 17
18 Questions? 18
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