Mobile-to-Mobile Wireless Channels

Transcription

1 Mobile-to-Mobile Wireless Channels Alenka Zajic ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON LONDON artechhouse.com

2 Contents PREFACE xi ma Inroduction Mobile-to-Mobile Communication Systems Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Systems Air-to-Ground Communication Systems Underwater Vehicle-to-Underwater Vehicle Systems The Wireless Channel Fading Statistical Properties of Channels Overview of Remaining Chapters Chapter 2: Fixed-to-Mobile Cellular Radio Channels Chapter 3: Vehicle-to-Vehicle Radio Channels Chapter 4: Air-to-Ground Radio Channels Chapter 5: Underwater Vehicle-to-Underwater Vehicle Acoustic Channels Appendixes 10 References 10 Hmnsa Fixed-To-Mobile Cellular Radio Channels Propagation Principles Free Space Propagation Reflection Diffraction Scattering Propagation Modeling Large-Scale Fading Pathloss Large-Scale Fading Shadowing Small-Scale Fading Multipath Propagation Factors Influencing Small-Scale Fading Statistical Characterization of Multipath Propagation in F-to-M Cellular Radio Channels Received Envelope Distribution 21 vii

3 viii Contents Clarke's Model for F-to-M Frequency Flat Multipath Fading Channels Correlation Functions and Doppler Power Spectra for Isotropic Scattering Channels Correlation Functions and Doppler Power Spectrum for Nonisotropic Scattering Channels Second-Order Statistics Level Crossing Rates and Fade Durations Modeling of F-to-M Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading Channels Correlation Functions for F-to-M Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading Channels Channel Characteristic Parameters Delay Spread, Power Delay Profile, and Channel Coherence MIMO F-to-M Cellular Radio Channels Simulators for Fixed-to-Mobile Cellular Radio Channels Simulation Models for F-to-M Frequency-Flat Multipath Fading Channels Deterministic and Statistical SoS Simulation Models for Channels 39 F-to-M Frequency-Flat Multipath Fading Simulation Models for F-to-M Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading Channels Small-Scale Channel Measurement Techniques Direct Pulse-Based Channel Impulse Response Measurements Spread Spectrum-Based Channel Impulse Response Measurements Frequency Domain-Based Channel Impulse Response Measurements Summary 53 References 54 Vehicle-to-Vehicle Radio Channels V-to-V Propagation Modeling Large-Scale Fading Pathloss and Shadowing Small-Scale Fading Multipath Propagation Akki and Haber's Model for V-to-V Frequency-Flat Multipath Fading Channels Temporal Fading Characteristics of V-to-V Frequency-Flat Multipath Fading Channels Two-Dimensional Model for MIMO V-to-V Frequency-Flat Multipath Fading Channels Spatial-Temporal Fading Characteristics of V-to-V Frequency- Flat Multipath Fading Channels Estimation of Mobile Velocities in V-to-V Channels Estimation of Direction of Movement in V-to-V Channels 88

4 Contents ix Modeling of V-to-V Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading Channels Spectral-Spatial-Temporal Fading Characteristics of V-to-V Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading Channels Impact of Antenna Coupling on MIMO V-to-V Channels MIMO V-to-V System Model Modeling of MIMO V-to-V Channels with Mutual Coupling Analysis of MIMO V-to-V Channel with Mutual Coupling Simulators for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Radio Channels Simulators for V-to-V Frequency-Flat Multipath Fading Channels Simulators for V-to-V Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading Channels Vehicle-to-Vehicle Measurement Campaigns and Modeling Validation of the 3-D Wideband Model for V-to-V Frequency- Selective Multipath Fading Channels Summary 150 MiiiUd;!! References 150 Air-To-Ground Radio Channels A-to-G Propagation Modeling Large-Scale Fading Pathloss Large-Scale Fading Shadowing Small-Scale Fading Multipath Propagation Statistical Characterization of Multipath Propagation in A-to-G Radio Channels Received Envelope Distribution Statistical Modeling of A-to-G Multipath Channels Two-Ray Model for A-to-G Multipath Fading Channels A Scattering Model for A-to-G Multipath Fading Channels Three-Dimensional Model for MIMO A-to-G Multipath Fading Channels Spatial-Temporal Fading Characteristics of A-to-G Multipath Fading Channels Simulators for Air-to-Ground Radio Channels Sum-of-Sinusoids Simulators for A-to-G Channels Summary 181 References 182 Sjws mwmul Underwater Vehicle-to-Underwater Vehicle Acoustic Channels Underwater Propagation Principles An Underwater Communication System Underwater Noise Propagation Principles 189

5 X Contents Refraction Reflection Scattering UV-to-UV Acoustic Propagation Modeling Large-Scale Fading Path Loss Large-Scale Fading Shadowing Small-Scale Fading Multipath Propagation Factors Influencing Small-Scale Fading Statistical Characterization of Multipath Propagation in UV-to-UV Acoustic Channels Received Envelope Distribution Statistical Modeling of UV-to-UV Frequency Flat Acoustic Fading Channels Temporal Fading Characteristics of UV-to-UV Frequency Flat Acoustic Fading Channels Two-Dimensional Model for MIMO UV-to-UV Frequency-Flat Acoustic Fading Channels Spatial-Temporal Fading Characteristics of UV-to-UV Frequency-Flat MIMO Acoustic Fading Channels Modeling of Underwater Acoustic Particle Velocity Channels Modeling of UV-to-UV Frequency-Selective Acoustic Fading Channels Spectral-Spatial-Temporal Fading Characteristics of UV-to-UV Frequency-Selective Acoustic Fading Channels Simulators for UV-to-UV Acoustic Channels Simulators for UV-to-UV Frequency-Flat and Frequency- Selective Acoustic Fading Channels Underwater Acoustic Channel Measurement Campaigns and Modeling Validation of the Model for UV-to-UV Frequency-Selective Acoustic Fading Channels Summary 245 References 245 Appendix A Probability and Random Processes 249 Appendix B Description of Simulators for Fixed-to-Mobile Cellular, Vehicle-to-Vehicle, Air-to-Ground, and Underwater Vehicle-to-Underwater Vehicle Channels 267 About the Author 285 Index 287