Narrow- and wideband channels
|
|
- Barnard Newton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 RADIO SYSTEMS ETIN15 Lecture no: 3 Narrow- and wideband channels Ove Edfors, Department of Electrical and Information technology Ove.Edfors@eit.lth.se 27 March
2 Contents Short review NARROW-BAND CHANNELS Radio signals and complex notation Large-scale fading Small-scale fading Combining large- and smallscale fading Noise- and interference-limited links WIDE-BAND CHANNELS What makes a channel wide-band? Delay (time) dispersion Narrow- versus wide-band channels 2
3 SHORT REVIEW 3
4 Statistical descriptions of the mobile radio channel POWER [dbw] P TX dbw G TX db L db The propagation loss will change due to movements. These changes of the propagation loss will take place in two scales: G RX db P RX dbw Large-scale: shadowing, slow changes over many wavelengths. Small-scale: interference, fast changes on the scale of a wavelength. Now we are going to approach these variations from a statistical point of view. 4
5 What do we know so far about propagation losses? POWER [dbw Two theoretical expressions for the deterministic propagation loss as functions of distance: P TX dbw G TX db L db G RX db P RX dbw There are other models, which we will discuss later. We have discussed shadowing/ diffraction and reflections, but not really made any detailed calculations. 5
6 RADIO SIGNALS AND COMPLEX NOTATION 6
7 Simple model of a radio signal A transmitted radio signal can be written Amplitude Frequency Phase By letting the transmitted information change the amplitude, the frequency, or the phase, we get the tree basic types of digital modulation techniques ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) PSK (Phase Shift Keying) Constant envelope 7
8 Example: Amplitude, phase and frequency modulation ( ) = ( ) cos 2p + f ( ) ( ) s t A t f t t A( t ) f ( t) c Comment: 4ASK - Amplitude carries information - Phase constant (arbitrary) PSK - Amplitude constant (arbitrary) - Phase carries information 4FSK Amplitude constant (arbitrary) - Phase slope (frequency) carries information 8
9 The IQ modulator I-channel (in-phase) Transmited radio signal f c -90 o Q-channel (quadrature) Take a step into the complex domain: Complex envelope Carrier factor 9
10 Interpreting the complex notation Complex envelope (phasor) Transmitted radio signal Polar coordinates: By manipulating the amplitude A(t) and the phase Φ(t) of the complex envelope (phasor), we can create any type of modulation/radio signal. 10
11 LARGE-SCALE FADING 11
12 A narrowband system described in complex notation (noise free) Transmitter Channel Receiver In: Out: Attenuation Phase It is the behaviour of the channel attenuation and phase we are going to model. 12
13 Large-scale fading Basic principle Received power D C Position d A B Movement A B C C 13
14 Large-scale fading More than one shadowing object Signal path in terrain with several diffraction points adding extra attenuation to the pathloss. This is ONE explanation Total pathloss: Deterministic If these are considered random and independent, we should get a normal distribution in the db domain. 14
15 Large-scale fading Log-normal distribution Measurements confirm that in many situations, the large-scale fading of the received signal strength has a normal distribution in the db domain. POWER [dbw] Note db scale P TX dbw L db Deterministic mean value of path loss, L 0 db db P RX dbw Standard deviation 15
16 Large-scale fading Fading margin We know that the path loss will vary around the deterministic value predicted. We need to design our system with a margin allowing us to handle higher path losses than the deterministic prediction. This margin is called a fading margin. Increasing the fading margin decreases the probability of outage, which is the probability that our system receive a too low power to operate correctly. 16
17 Large-scale fading Fading margin (cont.) Fading margin Designing the system to handle an M db db higher loss than predicted, lowers the probability of outage. L 0 db db The upper tail probability of a unit variance, zero-mean, Gaussian (normal) variable: The complementary error-function can be found in e.g. MATLAB 17
18 The Q(.)-function Upper-tail probabilities x Q(x) x Q(x) x Q(x)
19 Large-scale fading A numeric example How many db fading margin, against σ F db = 7 db log-normal fading, do we need to obtain an outage probability of 0.5%? Consulting the Q(.)-function table (or using a numeric software), we get 19
20 SMALL-SCALE FADING 20
21 Small-scale fading Ilustration shown during Lecture 1 Received power [log scale] Illustration of interference pattern from above A Movement B A Position B Transmitter Reflector Many reflectors... let s look at a simpler case! 21
22 Small-scale fading Two waves Wave 1 Wave 1 + Wave 2 Wave 2 At least in this case, we can see that the interference pattern changes on the wavelength scale. 22
23 Small-scale fading Many incoming waves Many incoming waves with independent amplitudes and phases Add them up as phasors 3 r 3 φ r 2 2 r1 1 r 4 r 4 23
24 Small-scale fading Rayleigh fading No dominant component (no line-of-sight) TX X RX Tap distribution 2D Gaussian (zero mean) Amplitude distribution 0.8 Rayleigh 0.6 Im ( a ) Re( a) r No line-of-sight component 24
25 Small-scale fading Rayleigh fading Fading margin Rayleigh distribution Fading margin r min 0 r r rms = 2s Probability that the amplitude r is below some threshold r min : 25
26 Small-scale fading A numeric example How many db fading margin, against Rayleigh fading, do we need to obtain an outage probability of 1%? Some manipulation gives 26
27 Small-scale fading Doppler shifts Frequency of received signal: Receiving antenna moves with speed s RX at an angle θ relative to the propagation direction of the incoming wave, which has frequency f 0. c where the Doppler shift is The maximal Doppler shift is [c = speed of light = 3x10 8 m/s] 27
28 Small-scale fading Doppler spectrum Incoming waves from several directions (relative to movement or RX) Spectrum of received signal when a f 0 Hz signal is transmitted. RX movement RX 4 3 All waves of equal strength in this example, for simplicity. 28
29 Small-scale fading Doppler spectrum Isotropic uncorrelated scattering RX movement 1 Time correlaion RX Uncorrelated amplitudes and phases Uniform incoming power distribution (isotropic) 29
30 Small-scale fading The Doppler spectrum For the uncorrelated scattering with uniform angular distribution of incoming power (isotropic scattering), we obtain the Doppler spectrum by Fourier transformation of the time correlation of the signal: SD Doppler spectrum at center frequency f 0. ( n - f ) 0 for This is the classical Doppler spectrum, a.k.a. the Jakes doppler spectrum. 30
31 Small-scale fading Fading dips Received amplitude [db] Time The larger the fading margin, the rarer the fading dips, and the shorter they are. The length and the frequency of fading dips can be important for the functionality of a radio system. Can we quantify these? 31
32 Small-scale fading Statistics of fading dips Frequency of the fading dips (normalized dips/second) Length of fading dips (normalized dip-length) These curves are for Rayleigh fading and isotropic uncorrelated scattering (Jakes doppler spectrum). 32
33 Small-scale fading Rice fading Tap distribution 2D Gaussian (non-zero mean) A Im ( a ) Re( a) A dominant component (line of sight) Amplitude distribution Rice k = 30 k = 10 k = 0 TX RX Line-of-sight (LOS) component with amplitude A. Power in LOS component k= Power in random components = A
34 COMBINING LARGE- AND SMALL-SCALE FADING 34
35 Large- and small-scale fading Combining the two We will start using Alternative 1 We have seen examples of how we can compute the required fading margins, due to large- and small-scale fading, given certain criteria (e.g. outage probability). There are basically two options: 1) Calculate the fading margins separately and add them up. 2) Derive the pdf (or cdf) of the total fading and calculate a single fading margin for both. If we have both types of fading, how do we combine them into a total fading margin? Alternative 1 is the simple solution, but it will overdimension the system a bit. Alternative 2 is a much more complex operation. 35
36 NOISE- AND INTERFERENCE- LIMITED LINKS 36
37 Noise-limited system Fading margin and the link budget P TX dbm POWER [dbm] Fading L 0 db C 0 db m M db ( C / N ) min N db m Noise reference level Fading C min db m db We use some propagation model to calculate a deterministic propagation loss. Variations in the environment and movements will cause variations in the the propagation loss, which will influence the instantaneous received power. To protect the receiver from too low received power, we add a fading margin. Requirement for the receiver to operate properly. 37
38 Interference-limited system Interference fadning margin TX-A ( C / I ) min db RX-A Received power [db] C dmax Taking fading into account Without taking fading into account I TX-B ( C I ) + M / min db db Distance In interference limited systems, we are preliminary interested in how far from the transmitter we can be, without receiveing too much interference. Depending on the system design and requirements on quality, our receiver can tolerate a certain (C/I) min. Assuming fading on the wanted and interfering signal we can calculate a fading margin M db required to fulfill som criterion on e.g. outage. For independent log-normal fading, we can add the variances of the two fading characteristics and get a total lognormal fading with standard deviation: 2 2 s = s + s tot db C db I db 38
39 DELAY (TIME) DISPERSION 39
40 Delay (time) dispersion A simple case Transmitted impulse t Received signal (channel impulse response) t 1 a 1 t 2 a 2 a 3 t 3 t 40
41 Delay (time) dispersion One reflection/path, many paths Since each bin consists of contributions from several waves, each bin will fade if we introduce movement. Impulse response Delay in excess of direct path Each bin consists of incoming waves that are too close in time to resolve. What do we mean by too close in time? 41
42 Delay (time) dispersion Bandwidth and time-resolution Radio systems are band-limited, which makes our infinitely short impulses become waveforms with a certain width in time. Band-limiting to B Hz The time-width of the pulses is inversely proportional to the bandwidth. 42
43 NARROW- VERSUS WIDE-BAND 43
44 Narrow- versus wide-band Channel impulse response The same radio propagation environment is experienced differently, depending on the system bandwidth. High BW Medium BW Low BW 44
45 Narrow- versus wide-band Channel frequency response f A narrow-band system (bandwidth B 1 ) will not experience any significant frequency selectivity or delay dispersion. A wide-band system (bandwidth B 2 ) will however experience both frequency selectivity and delay dispersion. Note that narrow- or wide-band depends on the relation between channel properties and system bandwidth. It is not an absolute measure. 45
46 Narrow- versus wide-band Let s not forget the time-dependence! We need to take absolute time t into consideration, as the channel will change when things move. Measurement in hilly terrain at 900 MHz. The channel impulse response becomes: Clock time Delay [Liebenow & Kuhlmann 1993] 46
47 Narrow- versus wide-band Doppler spectrum and delay Since the channel at each delay τ is the result of different propagation paths, we can have different Doppler spectra for each delay. Measurement in hilly terrain at 900 MHz. This effect is shown by the scattering function: (received power as function of doppler shift and delay) 47
48 Summary NARROW-BAND CHANNELS Complex notation with amplitude, phase and complex envelope (phasor). Large-scale fading with log-normal distribution and calculation of fading margin. Small-scale fading with Rayleig and Rice distribution, calculation of fading margin. Received signal maximal Doppler shift, Doppler spectrum and time characteristics. Fading margin in the link-budget of noise limited systems. Fading margin and maximal distance for interference limited systems. WIDE-BAND CHANNELS Instead of one (time varying) channel coefficient, we have an entire (time varying) impulse response Channel delay (time) dispersion and frequency selectivity Doppler spectrum as function of delay, i.e. the scattering function There is MUCH MORE to learn about this which many of you have done in the Channel Modeling course (ETIN10)! 48
Narrow- and wideband channels
RADIO SYSTEMS ETIN15 Lecture no: 3 Narrow- and wideband channels Ove Edfors, Department of Electrical and Information technology Ove.Edfors@eit.lth.se 2012-03-19 Ove Edfors - ETIN15 1 Contents Short review
More informationWritten Exam Channel Modeling for Wireless Communications - ETIN10
Written Exam Channel Modeling for Wireless Communications - ETIN10 Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University 2017-03-13 2.00 PM - 7.00 PM A minimum of 30 out of 60 points are
More informationRevision of Lecture One
Revision of Lecture One System blocks and basic concepts Multiple access, MIMO, space-time Transceiver Wireless Channel Signal/System: Bandpass (Passband) Baseband Baseband complex envelope Linear system:
More informationRevision of Lecture One
Revision of Lecture One System block Transceiver Wireless Channel Signal / System: Bandpass (Passband) Baseband Baseband complex envelope Linear system: complex (baseband) channel impulse response Channel:
More informationUWB Channel Modeling
Channel Modeling ETIN10 Lecture no: 9 UWB Channel Modeling Fredrik Tufvesson & Johan Kåredal, Department of Electrical and Information Technology fredrik.tufvesson@eit.lth.se 2011-02-21 Fredrik Tufvesson
More informationChannel Modeling ETI 085
Channel Modeling ETI 085 Overview Lecture no: 9 What is Ultra-Wideband (UWB)? Why do we need UWB channel models? UWB Channel Modeling UWB channel modeling Standardized UWB channel models Fredrik Tufvesson
More informationChannel models and antennas
RADIO SYSTEMS ETIN15 Lecture no: 4 Channel models and antennas Ove Edfors, Department of Electrical and Information Technology Ove.Edfors@eit.lth.se 2012-03-21 Ove Edfors - ETIN15 1 Contents Why do we
More informationEITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON, JOHAN KÅREDAL ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Why do we need UWB channel models?
Wireless Communication Channels Lecture 9:UWB Channel Modeling EITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON, JOHAN KÅREDAL ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Overview What is Ultra-Wideband (UWB)? Why do we need UWB channel
More informationMobile Radio Propagation Channel Models
Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Models Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Table of Contents Introduction Propagation
More informationECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading
ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2004 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily
More informationECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading
ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2005 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily
More informationMuhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Fading Channel. Base Station
Fading Lecturer: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noor M Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office), 186 (ARWiC
More informationMulti-Path Fading Channel
Instructor: Prof. Dr. Noor M. Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office), 186 (Lab) Fax: +9
More informationEENG473 Mobile Communications Module 3 : Week # (12) Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Path Loss
EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 3 : Week # (12) Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Path Loss Introduction Small-scale fading is used to describe the rapid fluctuation of the amplitude of a radio
More informationECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading
ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2003 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily
More informationMobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multi-path
Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multi-path 1 EE/TE 4365, UT Dallas 2 Small-scale Fading Small-scale fading, or simply fading describes the rapid fluctuation of the amplitude of a radio
More informationWIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (16:332:546) LECTURE 5 SMALL SCALE FADING
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (16:332:546) LECTURE 5 SMALL SCALE FADING Instructor: Dr. Narayan Mandayam Slides: SabarishVivek Sarathy A QUICK RECAP Why is there poor signal reception in urban clutters?
More informationChannel. Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Multi-Path Fading. Dr. Noor M Khan EE, MAJU
Instructor: Prof. Dr. Noor M. Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office), 186 (Lab) Fax: +9
More informationWireless Channel Propagation Model Small-scale Fading
Wireless Channel Propagation Model Small-scale Fading Basic Questions T x What will happen if the transmitter - changes transmit power? - changes frequency? - operates at higher speed? Transmit power,
More informationChannel Models. Spring 2017 ELE 492 FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 1
Channel Models Spring 2017 ELE 492 FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 1 Narrowband Channel Models Statistical Approach: Impulse response modeling: A narrowband channel can be represented by an impulse
More informationDigital Communications over Fading Channel s
over Fading Channel s Instructor: Prof. Dr. Noor M Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office),
More informationCHAPTER 2 WIRELESS CHANNEL
CHAPTER 2 WIRELESS CHANNEL 2.1 INTRODUCTION In mobile radio channel there is certain fundamental limitation on the performance of wireless communication system. There are many obstructions between transmitter
More informationPropagation mechanisms
RADIO SYSTEMS ETIN15 Lecture no: 2 Propagation mechanisms Ove Edfors, Department of Electrical and Information Technology Ove.Edfors@eit.lth.se Contents Short on db calculations Basics about antennas Propagation
More informationThe Radio Channel. COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson. [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P.
The Radio Channel COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P. Steenkiste] Motivation The radio channel is what limits most radio
More informationChannel Modelling ETIM10. Channel models
Channel Modelling ETIM10 Lecture no: 6 Channel models Fredrik Tufvesson Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University, Sweden Fredrik.Tufvesson@eit.lth.se 2012-02-03 Fredrik Tufvesson
More informationUNIK4230: Mobile Communications Spring 2013
UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Spring 2013 Abul Kaosher abul.kaosher@nsn.com Mobile: 99 27 10 19 1 UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Propagation characteristis of wireless channel Date: 07.02.2013 2 UNIK4230:
More informationChannel models and antennas
RADIO SYSTEMS ETIN15 Lecture no: 4 Channel models and antennas Anders J Johansson, Department of Electrical and Information Technology anders.j.johansson@eit.lth.se 29 March 2017 1 Contents Why do we need
More informationSelected answers * Problem set 6
Selected answers * Problem set 6 Wireless Communications, 2nd Ed 243/212 2 (the second one) GSM channel correlation across a burst A time slot in GSM has a length of 15625 bit-times (577 ) Of these, 825
More informationExam 3 is two weeks from today. Today s is the final lecture that will be included on the exam.
ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2010 Lecture 19 Today: (1) Diversity Exam 3 is two weeks from today. Today s is the final lecture that will be included on the exam.
More informationLecture 1 Wireless Channel Models
MIMO Communication Systems Lecture 1 Wireless Channel Models Prof. Chun-Hung Liu Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Spring 2017 2017/3/2 Lecture 1: Wireless Channel
More informationWireless Physical Layer Concepts: Part II
Wireless Physical Layer Concepts: Part II Raj Jain Professor of CSE Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 Jain@cse.wustl.edu Audio/Video recordings of this lecture are available at:
More informationWideband Channel Characterization. Spring 2017 ELE 492 FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 1
Wideband Channel Characterization Spring 2017 ELE 492 FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 1 Wideband Systems - ISI Previous chapter considered CW (carrier-only) or narrow-band signals which do NOT
More informationEITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Wireless Communication Channels Lecture 6: Channel Models EITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Content Modelling methods Okumura-Hata path loss model COST 231 model Indoor models
More informationSmall-Scale Fading I PROF. MICHAEL TSAI 2011/10/27
Small-Scale Fading I PROF. MICHAEL TSAI 011/10/7 Multipath Propagation RX just sums up all Multi Path Component (MPC). Multipath Channel Impulse Response An example of the time-varying discrete-time impulse
More informationProject = An Adventure : Wireless Networks. Lecture 4: More Physical Layer. What is an Antenna? Outline. Page 1
Project = An Adventure 18-759: Wireless Networks Checkpoint 2 Checkpoint 1 Lecture 4: More Physical Layer You are here Done! Peter Steenkiste Departments of Computer Science and Electrical and Computer
More informationTEMPUS PROJECT JEP Wideband Analysis of the Propagation Channel in Mobile Broadband System
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science TEMPUS PROJECT JEP 743-94 Wideband Analysis of the Propagation Channel in Mobile Broadband System Krzysztof Jacek Kurek Final report Supervisor:
More informationEXAM QUESTION EXAMPLES
EXAM QUESTION EXAMPLES ETIN10, CHANNEL MODELING FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, 2017 Question 1 This question is regarding the concepts of large-scale and small-scale fading: a) Please give a brief physical
More informationUnit 5 - Week 4 - Multipath Fading Environment
2/29/207 Introduction to ireless and Cellular Communications - - Unit 5 - eek 4 - Multipath Fading Environment X Courses Unit 5 - eek 4 - Multipath Fading Environment Course outline How to access the portal
More informationEC 551 Telecommunication System Engineering. Mohamed Khedr
EC 551 Telecommunication System Engineering Mohamed Khedr http://webmail.aast.edu/~khedr 1 Mohamed Khedr., 2008 Syllabus Tentatively Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week
More informationEmpirical Path Loss Models
Empirical Path Loss Models 1 Free space and direct plus reflected path loss 2 Hata model 3 Lee model 4 Other models 5 Examples Levis, Johnson, Teixeira (ESL/OSU) Radiowave Propagation August 17, 2018 1
More informationTesting c2k Mobile Stations Using a Digitally Generated Faded Signal
Testing c2k Mobile Stations Using a Digitally Generated Faded Signal Agenda Overview of Presentation Fading Overview Mitigation Test Methods Agenda Fading Presentation Fading Overview Mitigation Test Methods
More informationMSIT 413: Wireless Technologies Week 3
MSIT 413: Wireless Technologies Week 3 Michael L. Honig Department of EECS Northwestern University January 2016 Why Study Radio Propagation? To determine coverage Can we use the same channels? Must determine
More informationPerformance Evaluation Of Digital Modulation Techniques In Awgn Communication Channel
Performance Evaluation Of Digital Modulation Techniques In Awgn Communication Channel Oyetunji S. A 1 and Akinninranye A. A 2 1 Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria 2 MTN Nigeria Abstract The
More informationWIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS PRELIMINARIES
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Preliminaries Radio Environment Modulation Performance PRELIMINARIES db s and dbm s Frequency/Time Relationship Bandwidth, Symbol Rate, and Bit Rate 1 DECIBELS Relative signal strengths
More informationLecture 7/8: UWB Channel. Kommunikations
Lecture 7/8: UWB Channel Kommunikations Technik UWB Propagation Channel Radio Propagation Channel Model is important for Link level simulation (bit error ratios, block error ratios) Coverage evaluation
More informationWireless Sensor Networks 4th Lecture
Wireless Sensor Networks 4th Lecture 07.11.2006 Christian Schindelhauer schindel@informatik.uni-freiburg.de 1 Amplitude Representation Amplitude representation of a sinus curve s(t) = A sin(2π f t + ϕ)
More informationChapter 2 Channel Equalization
Chapter 2 Channel Equalization 2.1 Introduction In wireless communication systems signal experiences distortion due to fading [17]. As signal propagates, it follows multiple paths between transmitter and
More informationLab 3.0. Pulse Shaping and Rayleigh Channel. Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology. The Communications Department
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology The Communications Department Course: Advanced Communication Lab [COMM 1005] Lab 3.0 Pulse Shaping and Rayleigh Channel 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Summary...
More informationMobile Radio Propagation Channel Models
Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Models Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Table of Contents Introduction Propagation
More informationCALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE FADING CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE FADING CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING A graduate project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science in Electrical
More information9.4 Temporal Channel Models
ECEn 665: Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications 127 9.4 Temporal Channel Models The Rayleigh and Ricean fading models provide a statistical model for the variation of the power received
More informationDiversity. Spring 2017 ELE 492 FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 1
Diversity Spring 2017 ELE 492 FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 1 Diversity A fading channel with an average SNR has worse BER performance as compared to that of an AWGN channel with the same SNR!.
More informationWireless Communication Fundamentals Feb. 8, 2005
Wireless Communication Fundamentals Feb. 8, 005 Dr. Chengzhi Li 1 Suggested Reading Chapter Wireless Communications by T. S. Rappaport, 001 (version ) Rayleigh Fading Channels in Mobile Digital Communication
More informationAntennas and Propagation. Chapter 6b: Path Models Rayleigh, Rician Fading, MIMO
Antennas and Propagation b: Path Models Rayleigh, Rician Fading, MIMO Introduction From last lecture How do we model H p? Discrete path model (physical, plane waves) Random matrix models (forget H p and
More informationRadio channel modeling: from GSM to LTE
Radio channel modeling: from GSM to LTE and beyond Alain Sibille Telecom ParisTech Comelec / RFM Outline Introduction: why do we need channel models? Basics Narrow band channels Wideband channels MIMO
More informationIndex. offset-qpsk scheme, 237, 238 phase constellation, 235
Index A American Digital Cellular and Japanese Digital Cellular systems, 243 Amount of fading (AF) cascaded fading channels, 340, 342 Gaussian pdf, 575 lognormal shadowing channel, 574, 576 MRC diversity,
More informationRRC Vehicular Communications Part II Radio Channel Characterisation
RRC Vehicular Communications Part II Radio Channel Characterisation Roberto Verdone Slides are provided as supporting tool, they are not a textbook! Outline 1. Fundamentals of Radio Propagation 2. Large
More informationMobile Communications
Mobile Communications Part IV- Propagation Characteristics Professor Z Ghassemlooy School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences University of Northumbria U.K. http://soe.unn.ac.uk/ocr Contents
More informationChannel modelling repetition
Channel Modelling ETIM10 Lecture no: 11 Channel modelling repetition Fredrik Tufvesson Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University, Sweden Fredrik.Tufvesson@eit.lth.se 011-03-01
More informationUNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ELEC6014W1 SEMESTER II EXAMINATIONS 2007/08 RADIO COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS Duration: 120 mins Answer THREE questions out of FIVE. University approved calculators may
More informationElham Torabi Supervisor: Dr. Robert Schober
Low-Rate Ultra-Wideband Low-Power for Wireless Personal Communication Area Networks Channel Models and Signaling Schemes Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia
More informationExperimental Evaluation Scheme of UWB Antenna Performance
Tokyo Tech. Experimental Evaluation Scheme of UWB Antenna Performance Sathaporn PROMWONG Wataru HACHITANI Jun-ichi TAKADA TAKADA-Laboratory Mobile Communication Research Group Graduate School of Science
More informationImplementation of a MIMO Transceiver Using GNU Radio
ECE 4901 Fall 2015 Implementation of a MIMO Transceiver Using GNU Radio Ethan Aebli (EE) Michael Williams (EE) Erica Wisniewski (CMPE/EE) The MITRE Corporation 202 Burlington Rd Bedford, MA 01730 Department
More informationMultipath fading effects on short range indoor RF links. White paper
ALCIOM 5, Parvis Robert Schuman 92370 CHAVILLE - FRANCE Tel/Fax : 01 47 09 30 51 contact@alciom.com www.alciom.com Project : Multipath fading effects on short range indoor RF links DOCUMENT : REFERENCE
More informationRemote Reflector p. Local Scattering around Mobile. Remote Reflector 1. Base Station. θ p
A Stochastic Vector Channel Model - Implementation and Verification Matthias Stege, Jens Jelitto, Nadja Lohse, Marcus Bronzel, Gerhard Fettweis Mobile Communications Systems Chair, Dresden University of
More informationThe Measurement and Characterisation of Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) Intentionally Radiated Signals
The Measurement and Characterisation of Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) Intentionally Radiated Signals Rafael Cepeda Toshiba Research Europe Ltd University of Bristol November 2007 Rafael.cepeda@toshiba-trel.com
More informationMSIT 413: Wireless Technologies Week 4
MSIT 413: Wireless Technologies Week 4 Michael L. Honig Department of EECS Northwestern University February 2014 1 Outline Finish radio propagation Applications: location tracking (radar), handoffs Digital
More information12/29/2017 Introduction to Wireless and Cellular Communications - - Unit 2 - Overview of Cellular Evolution and Wireless Technologies
12/29/2017 Introduction to Wireless and Communications - - Unit 2 - Evolution and Wireless Technologies Course outline How to access the portal Evolution and Wireless Technologies Assignment 1 This assignment
More informationChapter 3. Mobile Radio Propagation
Chapter 3 Mobile Radio Propagation Based on the slides of Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal, University of Cincinnati and Dr. Andrea Goldsmith, Stanford University Propagation Mechanisms Outline Radio Propagation
More informationPart 4. Communications over Wireless Channels
Part 4. Communications over Wireless Channels p. 1 Wireless Channels Performance of a wireless communication system is basically limited by the wireless channel wired channel: stationary and predicable
More informationNoise and Propagation mechanisms
2 Noise and Propagation mechanisms Noise Johnson-Nyquist noise Physical review 1928 V rms2 = 4kTBR k : Bolzmann s constant T : absolute temperature B : bandwidth R : Resistance P=4kTB 1 1 Why is this a
More informationNETW 701: Wireless Communications. Lecture 5. Small Scale Fading
NETW 701: Wireless Communications Lecture 5 Small Scale Fading Small Scale Fading Most mobile communication systems are used in and around center of population. The transmitting antenna or Base Station
More informationMSIT 413: Wireless Technologies Week 3
MSIT 413: Wireless Technologies Week 3 Michael L. Honig Department of EECS Northwestern University October 2017 Why Study Radio Propagation? To determine coverage Can we use the same channels? Must determine
More informationChannel Characteristics and Impairments
ELEX 3525 : Data Communications 2013 Winter Session Channel Characteristics and Impairments is lecture describes some of the most common channel characteristics and impairments. A er this lecture you should
More informationIN A LAND mobile communication channel, movement
216 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 47, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 1998 Dynamic Characteristics of a Narrowband Land Mobile Communication Channel H. Allen Barger, Member, IEEE Abstract Land mobile
More informationELT Receiver Architectures and Signal Processing Fall Mandatory homework exercises
ELT-44006 Receiver Architectures and Signal Processing Fall 2014 1 Mandatory homework exercises - Individual solutions to be returned to Markku Renfors by email or in paper format. - Solutions are expected
More informationNoncoherent Communications with Large Antenna Arrays
Noncoherent Communications with Large Antenna Arrays Mainak Chowdhury Joint work with: Alexandros Manolakos, Andrea Goldsmith, Felipe Gomez-Cuba and Elza Erkip Stanford University September 29, 2016 Wireless
More informationInformation on the Evaluation of VHF and UHF Terrestrial Cross-Border Frequency Coordination Requests
Issue 1 May 2013 Spectrum Management and Telecommunications Technical Bulletin Information on the Evaluation of VHF and UHF Terrestrial Cross-Border Frequency Coordination Requests Aussi disponible en
More informationLecture 6 SIGNAL PROCESSING. Radar Signal Processing Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti. Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti
Lecture 6 SIGNAL PROCESSING Signal Reception Receiver Bandwidth Pulse Shape Power Relation Beam Width Pulse Repetition Frequency Antenna Gain Radar Cross Section of Target. Signal-to-noise ratio Receiver
More informationSatellite Communications: Part 4 Signal Distortions & Errors and their Relation to Communication Channel Specifications. Howard Hausman April 1, 2010
Satellite Communications: Part 4 Signal Distortions & Errors and their Relation to Communication Channel Specifications Howard Hausman April 1, 2010 Satellite Communications: Part 4 Signal Distortions
More informationMEASUREMENT AND MODELING OF INDOOR UWB CHANNEL AT 5 GHz
MEASUREMENT AND MODELING OF INDOOR UWB CHANNEL AT 5 GHz WINLAB @ Rutgers University July 31, 2002 Saeed S. Ghassemzadeh saeedg@research.att.com Florham Park, New Jersey This work is based on collaborations
More informationAnalysis of Fast Fading in Wireless Communication Channels M.Siva Ganga Prasad 1, P.Siddaiah 1, L.Pratap Reddy 2, K.Lekha 1
International Journal of ISSN 0974-2107 Systems and Technologies IJST Vol.3, No.1, pp 139-145 KLEF 2010 Fading in Wireless Communication Channels M.Siva Ganga Prasad 1, P.Siddaiah 1, L.Pratap Reddy 2,
More informationEstimation of speed, average received power and received signal in wireless systems using wavelets
Estimation of speed, average received power and received signal in wireless systems using wavelets Rajat Bansal Sumit Laad Group Members rajat@ee.iitb.ac.in laad@ee.iitb.ac.in 01D07010 01D07011 Abstract
More informationUnit 3 - Wireless Propagation and Cellular Concepts
X Courses» Introduction to Wireless and Cellular Communications Unit 3 - Wireless Propagation and Cellular Concepts Course outline How to access the portal Assignment 2. Overview of Cellular Evolution
More informationLECTURE 3. Radio Propagation
LECTURE 3 Radio Propagation 2 Simplified model of a digital communication system Source Source Encoder Channel Encoder Modulator Radio Channel Destination Source Decoder Channel Decoder Demod -ulator Components
More informationStatistical Analysis of Modern Communication Signals
Whitepaper Statistical Analysis of Modern Communication Signals Bob Muro Application Group Manager, Boonton Electronics Abstract The latest wireless communication formats like DVB, DAB, WiMax, WLAN, and
More informationA simple and efficient model for indoor path-loss prediction
Meas. Sci. Technol. 8 (1997) 1166 1173. Printed in the UK PII: S0957-0233(97)81245-3 A simple and efficient model for indoor path-loss prediction Constantino Perez-Vega, Jose Luis García G and José Miguel
More informationAntennas and Propagation. Chapter 6a: Propagation Definitions, Path-based Modeling
Antennas and Propagation a: Propagation Definitions, Path-based Modeling Introduction Propagation How signals from antennas interact with environment Goal: model channel connecting TX and RX Antennas and
More informationEffects of multipath propagation on design and operation of line-of-sight digital radio-relay systems
Rec. ITU-R F.1093-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.1093-1* Rec. ITU-R F.1093-1 EFFECTS OF MULTIPATH PROPAGATION ON THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LINE-OF-SIGHT DIGITAL RADIO-RELAY SYSTEMS (Question ITU-R 122/9)
More informationWireless Communication Systems Laboratory Lab#1: An introduction to basic digital baseband communication through MATLAB simulation Objective
Wireless Communication Systems Laboratory Lab#1: An introduction to basic digital baseband communication through MATLAB simulation Objective The objective is to teach students a basic digital communication
More information1. MIMO capacity basics
Introduction to MIMO: Antennas & Propagation aspects Björn Lindmark. MIMO capacity basics. Physical interpretation of the channel matrix Example x in free space 3. Free space vs. multipath: when is scattering
More informationKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Computer Engineering Dept
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Computer Engineering Dept COE 543 Mobile and Wireless Networks Term 0 Dr. Ashraf S. Hasan Mahmoud Rm -148-3 Ext. 174 Email: ashraf@ccse.kfupm.edu.sa 4//003
More informationMicrowave Seminar. Noise and Bit Error Ratio. J. Richie. Spring 2013
Microwave Seminar Noise and Bit Error Ratio J. Richie Spring 2013 Outline Noise Noise and Equivalent Temperature Noise Figure Small Scale Fade and Multipath Impulse Response Model Types of Fading Modulation
More informationRevision of Wireless Channel
Revision of Wireless Channel Quick recap system block diagram CODEC MODEM Wireless Channel Previous three lectures looked into wireless mobile channels To understand mobile communication technologies,
More informationAntennas and Propagation
Mobile Networks Module D-1 Antennas and Propagation 1. Introduction 2. Propagation modes 3. Line-of-sight transmission 4. Fading Slides adapted from Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second
More informationUltra Wideband Radio Propagation Measurement, Characterization and Modeling
Ultra Wideband Radio Propagation Measurement, Characterization and Modeling Rachid Saadane rachid.saadane@gmail.com GSCM LRIT April 14, 2007 achid Saadane rachid.saadane@gmail.com ( GSCM Ultra Wideband
More informationIEEE Working Group on Mobile Broadband Wireless Access <http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/mbwa>
2003-01-10 IEEE C802.20-03/09 Project Title IEEE 802.20 Working Group on Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Channel Modeling Suitable for MBWA Date Submitted Source(s)
More informationChapter 5 Small-Scale Fading and Multipath. School of Information Science and Engineering, SDU
Chapter 5 Small-Scale Fading and Multipath School of Information Science and Engineering, SDU Outline Small-Scale Multipath Propagation Impulse Response Model of a Multipath Channel Small-Scale Multipath
More informationUWB Small Scale Channel Modeling and System Performance
UWB Small Scale Channel Modeling and System Performance David R. McKinstry and R. Michael Buehrer Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, USA {dmckinst, buehrer}@vt.edu Abstract
More informationLecture 3: Wireless Physical Layer: Modulation Techniques. Mythili Vutukuru CS 653 Spring 2014 Jan 13, Monday
Lecture 3: Wireless Physical Layer: Modulation Techniques Mythili Vutukuru CS 653 Spring 2014 Jan 13, Monday Modulation We saw a simple example of amplitude modulation in the last lecture Modulation how
More information