Multiband Integrated Antennas for 4G Terminals. David A. Sanchez-Hernandez Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena. Editor.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Multiband Integrated Antennas for 4G Terminals. David A. Sanchez-Hernandez Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena. Editor."

Polly Johnson
6 years ago
Views:

1 Multiband Integrated Antennas for 4G Terminals David A. Sanchez-Hernandez Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena Editor f ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON LONDON artechhouse.com

Contents Foreword Preface xi xiii CHAPTER 1 Electrically Small Multiband Antennas 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Definition of Electrically Small 2 1.3 Fundamental Antenna Properties Definitions 3 1.3.1 Impedance, Efficiency, VSWR, and Gain 3 1.

2 Contents Foreword Preface xi xiii CHAPTER 1 Electrically Small Multiband Antennas Introduction The Definition of Electrically Small Fundamental Antenna Properties Definitions Impedance, Efficiency, VSWR, and Gain Bandwidth and Quality Factor (Q) Fundamental Limits of Small Antennas Special Considerations for Integrated Multiband Antennas Fundamental Approaches to Small Integrated Antenna Design The Monopole Antenna The Inverted-L Antenna The Inverted-F and Planar Inverted-F Antennas Finite Ground Plane Effects on Small Antenna Performance 22 References 30 CHAPTER 2 Multiband Multisystem Antennas in Handsets Introduction Frequencies and Systems Typical Specifications Multiband Techniques Radiating and Balanced Mode Theory Analysis of PIFA Slots Analysis of PIFA Shorting Pins Multisystem Techniques 45 References 52 VII

VIII Contents CHAPTER 3 Multiband Planar Wire Antennas 53 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Multiband Planar Monopole Antennas 59 3.2.1 Microstrip-Fed Dual-Band Monopole Antenna 60 3.2.2 CPW-Fed Dual-Band Monopole Antenna 60 3.

3 VIII Contents CHAPTER 3 Multiband Planar Wire Antennas Introduction Multiband Planar Monopole Antennas Microstrip-Fed Dual-Band Monopole Antenna CPW-Fed Dual-Band Monopole Antenna Meandered CPW-Fed Multiband Monopole Antenna Inverted-L Multiband Antennas Modified Double Inverted-L Antenna for Multiband Operation Inverted-L Antenna with a Parasitic Element for Dual-Band Operation Inverted-F Antennas for Dual-Band Operation Spiraled Inverted-F Antenna for Dual-Band Operation Coupling Dual-Band Inverted-F Antenna Inverted-FL Antennas with a Parasitic Inverted-L Element for Bandwidth Enhancement T-Shaped Antennas for Multiband Operation Single T-Shaped Antenna for Multiband Operation Double T-Shaped Antenna for Dual-Band Operation T-Shaped Antenna with a Parasitic Inverted-L Element for Bandwidth Improvement Meandered Multiband Antennas A Nonuniform Meandered Antenna with a Forked Ground Plane for Multiband Operation A Compact Multiband Meandered Planar Antenna M-Shaped Planar Monopole for Multiband Operation Two-Strip Planar Antennas for Broadband and Multiband Operation Broadband Two-Strip Antenna Broadband/Dual-Frequency Two-Strip Antenna Conclusions 92 References 93 CHAPTER 4 Printed Multiband Fractal Antennas Introduction Brief Background on Fractal Geometry Fractals in Nature Prefractals: Truncating a Fractal to Useable Complexity 99 АЛА How Fractals Can Be Used as Antennas and Why Fractals Are Space-Filling Geometries The Fractal Dimensions of Box Counting, Hausdorff, and Similarity Fractals Defined by Transformations Self-Similar and Self-Affine Sets Iterated Function Schemes: The Language of Fractals Self-Affine Sets 112

Contents IX 4.3 Deterministic Fractals as Antennas 113 4.3.1 Fractals as Wire Antenna Elements 114 4.3.2 Fractal Patch Elements 125 4.3.3 Circularly Polarized Microstrip Fractal Antennas 138 4.

4 Contents IX 4.3 Deterministic Fractals as Antennas Fractals as Wire Antenna Elements Fractal Patch Elements Circularly Polarized Microstrip Fractal Antennas Fractal Arrays and Fractal Volume Antennas Multiband Fractal Arrays Conclusions 147 References 147 CHAPTER 5 Miniaturized Integrated Multiband Antennas Design Considerations for Integrated Multiband Handset Antennas Hearing Aid Compatible Handsets Effect of the Terminal on the Antenna Behavior Effect of the Size of the Chassis Effect of the Handset Components Modal Analysis The Theory of Characteristic Modes Practical Applications 172 Acknowledgments 182 References 229 CHAPTER 6 Multiband Handset Antennas for MIMO Systems Introduction Design Considerations for MIMO Systems Diversity Techniques Volume Constraints: The MIMO Cube MIMO Techniques in a Handset Effect of Antenna Efficiency Effect of User Presence Effect of Antenna Correlation Combined Diversity Techniques for Optimum Handset MIMO Performance 223 CHAPTER 7 Communication Performance of Mobile Devices Introduction Antenna Efficiency Radiation Efficiency How to Obtain the Antenna Efficiency Conductive Cable Problem Total Radiated Power and Total Isotropic Sensitivity User Influence 247

X Contents 7.3.1 Experimental Setup 248 7.3.2 Repeatability Test 251 7.3.3 Variation Due to Different Users 252 7.3.4 Influence of Hand Position 254 7.3.5 Summary 257 7.4 Mean Effective Gain 258 7.4.1 Power Distribution Models 260 7.

5 X Contents Experimental Setup Repeatability Test Variation Due to Different Users Influence of Hand Position Summary Mean Effective Gain Power Distribution Models Single Antenna Multiple Antennas Standard Measurement Setup Using Phantoms Setup for Measurements of Mobile Handset Radiation Patterns Measurement Uncertainty Errors Due to Insufficient Sampling Density of Radiation Pattern Investigation of Phantom Type Influence on Performance Uncertainty Due to Incorrect Handset Positioning on Phantom 288 References 292 List of Acronyms 295 About the Editor 299 About the Authors 301 Index 307

Multiband Integrated Antennas for 4G Terminals

Multiband Integrated Antennas for 4G Terminals For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Antennas and Propagation Series, turn to the back of this book. Multiband Integrated Antennas for 4G Terminals