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1 i wirelesss communications and networks FOR m.tech (jntu - h) i year Ii semester (COMMON TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS, ECE, DECE AND DECS) CONTENTS UNIT - I [THE CELLULAR CONCEPT-SYSTEM DESIGN FUNDAMENT AMENTALS ALS] INTRODUCTION FUNDAMENT AMENTAL AL DEFINITIONS FREQUENCY REUSE Method of Locating Co-channel Cells Advantages of Cellular Concept in Communication Systems CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT STRATEGIES TEGIES Fixed Channel Assignment Strategy Dynamic Channel Assignment Strategy HANDOFF STRATEGIES TEGIES Prioritizing Handoffs Practical Handoff Considerations INTERFERENCE AND SYSTEM CAPACITY CITY Co-channel Interference and System Capacity Channel Planning for Wireless System Adjacent-Channel Interference Power Control for Reducing Interference

2 ii 1.7 TRUNKING AND GRADE OF SERVICE Types of Truncked Systems Blocked Calls Cleared Blocked Calls Delayed IMPROVING COVERA VERAGE AND CAPACITY CITY IN CELLULAR SYSTEMS Cell Splitting Sectoring Repeaters for Range Extension Microcell Zone Expected University Questions with Answers UNIT - II [MOBILE RADIO PROPAGA GATION : LARGE-SCALE PATH LOSS OSS] INTRODUCTION TO O RADIO WAVE VE PROPAGA GATION TION FREE SPACE CE PROPAGA GATION MODEL RELATING POWER TO O ELECTRIC FIELD THE THREE BASIC PROPAGA GATION MECHANISMS REFLECTION Reflection from Dielectrics Reflection from Perfect Conductors Ground Reflection (Two wo-r -Ray) ay) Model DIFFRACTION Fresnel Zone Geometry Knife-Edge Diffraction Model Multiple Knife-Edge Diffraction SCATTERING Radar Cross-Section Model

3 iii 2.8 OUTDOOR PROPAGA GATION MODELS Longley-Rice Model Okumura Model Hata Model PCS Extension to Hata Model Walfisch and Bertoni Model Wideband PCS Microcell Model INDOOR PROPAGA GATION MODELS Partition Losses (Same Floor) Partition Losses between Floors Log og-distance Path ath Loss Model Ericsson Multiple Breakpoint Model Attenuation Factor Model SIGNAL PENETRATION TION INTO O BUILDINGS RAY Y TRACING AND SITE SPECIFIC MODELING Expected University Questions with Answers UNIT - III [MOBILE RADIO PROPAGATION : SMALL-SCALE FADING AND MULTIPATH] INTRODUCTION SMALL-SCALE SCALE MULTIP TIPATH TH PROPAGA GATION Factors Influencing Small-Scale Fading Doppler Shift IMPULSE RESPONSE MODEL OF A MULTIP TIPATH TH CHANNEL Relationship between Bandwidth and Received Power SMALL-SCALE SCALE MULTIP TIPATH TH MEASUREMENTS Direct RF Pulse System Spread Spectrum Sliding Correlator Channel Sounding Frequency Domain Channel Sounding

4 iv 3.5 PARAMETERS OF MOBILE MULTIP TIPATH TH CHANNELS Time Dispersion Parameter Coherence Bandwidth Doppler Spread and Coherence Time TYPES OF SMALL-SCALE SCALE FADING Fading Effects Due to Multipath Time Delay Spread Flat Fading Frequency Selective Fading Fading Effects due to Doppler Spread Fast Fading Slow Fading STATISTICAL TISTICAL MODELS FOR MULTIP TIPATH TH FADING CHANNELS Clarke s Model for Flat Fading Spectral Shape due to Doppler Spread in the Clarke s Model Simulation of Clarke and Gans Fading Models Level Crossing and Fading Statistics Two wo-r -Ray ay Rayleigh Fading Model Expected University Questions with Answers UNIT - IV [EQUALIZATION AND DIVERSITY] INTRODUCTION FUNDAMENT AMENTALS ALS OF EQUALIZA ALIZATION TION TRAINING A GENERIC ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER EQUALIZERS IN A COMMUNICATION RECEIVER CLASSIFICATION OF EQUALIZA ALIZATION TECHNIQUES LINEAR EQUALIZERS FIR (or) Transversal Equalizers (Filters) Lattice Equalizer

5 v 4.7 NON-LINEAR EQUALIZA ALIZATION Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) Equalizer ALGORITHMS FOR ADAPTIVE APTIVE EQUALIZA ALIZATION Zero Forcing Algorithm Least Mean Square Algorithm Recursive Least Squares Algorithm Comparison of Various Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization DIVERSITY TECHNIQUES Derivation of Selection Diversity Improvement Derivation of Maximal Ratio Combining Improvement Practical Space Diversity Considerations Selection Diversity Feedback (or) Scanning Diversity Maximal Ratio (Combining) Diversity Equal Gain Combining Polarization Diversity Frequency Diversity Time Diversity RAKE RECEIVER Expected University Questions with Answers UNIT - V [WIRELESS NETWORKS] INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS NETWORKS TYPES OF WIRELESS NETWORKS Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANs)

6 vi 5.3 INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK ADVANT ANTAGES AND DISADVANT ANTAGES OF WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK APPLICATIONS TIONS WLAN TOPOL OPOLOGIES OGIES Ad-hoc Network Topology Infrastructure Network Topology Comparison of Infrastructure and Ad-hoc Network Topologies WLAN STAND ANDARD ARD IEEE IEEE Architecture IEEE Architecture and Services Station Services Distribution Services IEEE Family and its Standards IEEE a, b, g AND n STAND ANDARDS ARDS IEEE Physical Layer IEEE MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL Reliable Data Delivery Access Control DCF and PCF Distributed Co-ordination Function (DCF) Point Co-ordination ordination Function (PCF) Frame Formats ormats COMPARISON OF IEEE a, b, g AND n STAND ANDARDS ARDS

7 vii 5.10 IEEE AND ITS ENHANCEMENTS Properties of IEEE IEEE Standards Advantages of IEEE Comparison of IEEE Standards IEEE VS. IEEE WIRELESS PANS Bluetooth Applications of Bluetooth HIPERLAN Architecture of HIPERLAN Similarities between the HIPERLAN-1 and IEEE Differences between the HIPERLAN-1 and IEEE Architecture of HIPERLAN Similarities between the HIPERLAN-1 and HIPERLAN Basic Differences between the Medium Access Control Layer of the HIPERLAN-2 and IEEE Differences between IEEE a and HIPERLAN WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP (WLL) Expected University Questions with Answers

8 viii STUDENT NOTES

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