Essential Understandings with Guiding Questions Robotics Engineering

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Brenda Arlene Cooper
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1 Essential Understandings with Guiding Questions Robotics Engineering 1 st Quarter Theme: Orientation to a Successful Laboratory Experience Student Expectations Safety Emergency MSDS Organizational Systems What is Green Technology? (Theme) Career Opportunities Education 21 st Century Skills Theme: Simple Machines 1. Archimedes, a mathematician and inventor of ancient Greece, bc said Give me a lever long enough, and a prop strong enough, I can single-handed move the world. Levers provide mechanical advantage and mechanical advantage is the basis of design within all simple machines. How can lever systems be modified to alter mechanical advantage? What are other applications of levers used in more complex machines? 2. Friction and resistance can hinder or benefit machine design. How can simple machines reduce friction and resistance? What are some practical applications of conveyor systems? How are wheels classified and how are they used to reduce friction and resistance in their various applications? 3. Gears are examples of continuous levers and can be combined to change mechanical advantage. How are gears classified? What is the relationship between gear teeth, torque and speed? How can gears be combined to affect mechanical advantage (speed and torque)? How are gears used to make changes in transmission? 4. Belts, pulleys, chains, and sprockets are flexible solutions to problems normally solved by levers and gears. How can pulleys be used to improve mechanical advantage? How are belts, pulleys, chains and sprockets classified? How do belts and pulleys differ from chains and sprockets.

2 What are practical applications of belts, pulleys, chains, and sprockets. 5. The primary operation of simple machines is to use mechanical advantage to convert from one form of motion to another. Mechanical components such as levers, wheels, gears, belts, pulleys, chains, and sprockets can work together to lend function to machine design. How can mechanical components be combined to build more complex machines? Theme: Elements of Structural Design 6. Mechanical components are held together by structural elements. These structures are fabricated using varied techniques depending on the application and materials used. Their fabrication requires the knowledge and use of materials, general and specialized tools, separation, and fastening techniques. What safety precautions are necessary when using tools and materials during structural fabrication? How are tools properly used to cut and fasten materials to fabricate structures? What are the characteristics of materials used to fabricate mechanical structures? How can the elements of structural design be applied to fabricating mechanical structures for Theme: Introduction to the Engineering Process 7. The Engineering Process is the basis of all design. Proper and complete use of the Engineering Process guarantees success in solving engineering and design problems What is the Engineering Process? How can the Engineering Process be applied to solve design problems? 2 nd Quarter Theme: Robot Fundamentals 8. Understanding the history, terminology and classification of robots will provide the foundation necessary apply the engineering process to design robotic systems. What is the evolution process of the modern robot? What terminology is unique to

3 How do robots understand and react to their environment? How are robotic systems classified according to their characteristics? Theme: Electrical Systems 9. Electronics forms the nervous system of a robot. Understanding how electricity works can provide a broader understanding of power sources, discreet electrical components, circuit fundamentals, and control devices. What is the nature of electricity and electrical components used in How are robotic electrical systems powered? How are protective circuits employed to distribute electricity to How are control devices employed to operate mechanical systems in robots? Theme: Fluidic Power 10. Many robotic systems use fluidic power to operate actuators in robotic systems. Understanding their operation will provide additional solutions to typical robotic design problems. What is the nature of hydraulics and hydraulic systems? How are hydraulic systems applied to robot design? What is the nature of pneumatics and pneumatic systems? How are pneumatic systems applied to robot design? How are fluidic power systems matched to specific applications? 3 rd Quarter Theme: Motors and Actuators 11. Motors are used to position subassemblies and actuators within robotics systems. Motors are available to suit a variety of applications and control requirements. The proper application of motors is required to solve specific robotic design problems. How do DC and AC motors differ? How are DC motors classified? How are transmissions and gearboxes applied to achieve desired torque and speed? How do stepper motors work? How are DC brushless, hall-effect, brushed, and stepper motors matched to specific applications?

4 Theme: Introduction to Computers in Control 12. Micro-Controllers are small computers designed and programmed for a specific control application. Robotic systems may combine many microcontrollers to aide in the accuracy and the processing speed necessary for complex operations. Knowledge and application of micro-controllers is essential to understand robot operation. What is the architecture of the basic micro-controller? How do diagnostics aide in understanding micro-controller operation? What is the nature of binary systems and binary arithmetic? How are Boolean operations used to program micro-controllers? How are logic operations and logic circuitry employed to control Theme: Introduction to Programming Language 13. Programming is essential to the basic operation of any robotic system. Some robots are trained using teaching pendants while others are programmed using a high level computer programming language or propriety programming system. How can computer programs be used to move How can computer programs be used to sense characteristics of an environment? How can computer programs be used to make decisions based upon environmental characteristics? Theme: Data Acquisition (Sensors) 14. Robotic systems acquire and interpret data from various sensors. Everything that humans can sense can also be processed by robotic systems. Sensors come in the form of a wide variety of electrical devices. How are mechanical switches employed as touch sensors? How are optoelectronic sensors used to collect visual data? How are temperature sensors used to control How are ultrasonic sensors used to determine range? How can voice recognition hardware and software be used to control robotic systems. How can robots employ speech synthesis to communicate with their human counterparts? How do vision systems allow robots to see?

5 Theme: Data Handling and Conversion 15. Sensors retrieve information from an analog world. However, robotic systems use micro-controllers that operate in a binary world. Sensor information must be converted to provide for the successful interpretation of analog information. How are synchros and servomechanisms used in How do synchro systems work? What are the differences between digital and analog systems? How do electronic circuits convert digital information to analog signals? How do electronic circuits convert analog information to digital signals? 4 th Quarter Theme: Micro-Controller Interfacing 16. Micro-Controllers form the foundation of robotic control subsystems. Special application of actuator or sensing systems require customized interface circuitry. Knowledge of interfacing fundamentals can greatly enhance flexibility in solving robotic design problems. How are basic interfacing circuits connected to micro-controllers? How are support circuits for sensors interfaced with microcontrollers? How are indicator devices interfaced to a micro-controller? How are drive circuits interfaced to a micro-controller How are micro-controllers programmed to make use of interface circuits? Theme: Intelligent Machines 17. Intelligent machines are robotic systems composed of power sources, sensors, actuators, structural elements, and programming to serves a specific purpose. Designing intelligent machines employs the entire engineering process and is the ultimate application of robotic engineering. How can the engineering process incorporate data input to solve a design problem? How can the engineering process incorporate sensory input to solve a design problem? How can the engineering process incorporate machine output to realize the solution of a design problem? How can advanced programming techniques be used during the engineering process to solve a design problem?

Robotics: Evolution, Technology and Applications

Robotics: Evolution, Technology and Applications By: Dr. Hamid D. Taghirad Head of Control Group, and Department of Electrical Engineering K.N. Toosi University of Tech. Department of Electrical Engineering