Mechatronics 421/780. Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering. Page 1 of 10

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1 Mechatronics 421/780 Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Page 1 of 10

2 OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES 1. Course Overview Mechatronics (MEG 421 or MEG 780) is a multidisciplinary field of engineering that integrates mechanics, electronics, computer science, and control theory. It is at the cutting-edge of creating smarter products, devices and processes. Examples of mechatronic systems include an aircraft flight control and navigation system, automobile air bag safety system and antilock brake systems, automated manufacturing equipment such as robots and numerically controlled (NC) machine tools, smart kitchen and home appliances such as bread machines and clothes washing machines, and even toys. 2. Course Objectives Gain a more complete understanding of basic electrical circuits and electronic devices. Learn how to understand and apply semiconductor devices. Learn the basics of digital electronics. Learn how to program and interface microcontrollers. Learn the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement system design. Learn the basics of sensor and actuator theory, design, and application. Become proficient with using laboratory instrumentation and with building basic circuits. Gain experience designing and constructing basic mechatronic systems. ORGANIZATION 1. Departmental Study Guide This study guide is a crucial part of the general study guide of the Department. In the study guide of the Department, information is given on the mission and vision of the department, general administration and regulations (professionalism and integrity, course related information and formal communication, workshop use and safety, plagiarism, class representative duties, sick test and sick exam guidelines, vacation work, appeal process and adjustment of marks, university regulations, frequently asked questions), ECSA outcomes and ECSA exit level outcomes, ECSA knowledge area, CDIO, new curriculum and assessment of cognitive levels. It is expected that you are very familiar with the content of the Departmental Study Guide. It is available in English and Afrikaans on the Department s website. English Afrikaans df Page 2 of 10

3 Take note of the specific instructions in the above study guide on: a. Safety b. Plagiarism c. What to do if you were sick (very important)? d. Appeal process on the adjustment of marks 2. Lecturer and Communication Lecturer: Consultation hours: Name Office Telephone Dr. Bo Xing (BX) Eng bo.xing@up.ac.za By appointment. You are encouraged to arrange appointments with the lecturer by . Notice board: 3. Material The official notice board for this module is the MEG 421/780 ClickUP Announcements. Text book: (Alciatore & Histand, 2012): Alciatore, D. G., & Histand, M. B. (2012). Introduction to mechatronics and measurement systems (4 th ed.): McGraw-Hill, ISBN: Study guide: This guide has been compiled to assist you to work independently and structured. The document is however subject to changes by announcement in class or on ClickUP. ClickUP: The ClickUP site is very actively used in this module and it is expected of students to consult it daily. Powerpoint slides are continuously updated and the date of the last update is displayed to assist you. The Announcements functionality is used as the primary mechanism of formal communication. 4. Learning Activities Lectures: Page 3 of 10

4 3 lectures per week for 12 weeks. Through the semester you are expected to spend about one hour of preparation for every hour lecture time on this module. You are further expected to attend lectures regularly and be ready to participate in class discussions at any time. Date Day Lectures 21 July 2014 UP 2 nd Semester Lectures Start 25 July 2014 Friday L1, 2, & 3 01 August 2014 Friday L4, 5, & 6 08 August 2014 Friday L7, 8, & 9 15 August 2014 Friday L 10, 11, & 12 16~23 August 2014 Engineering Test Week 29 August 2014 Friday L 13, 14, & September 2014 Friday L 16, 17, & September 2014 Friday L 19, 20, & September 2014 Friday L 22, 23, & September 2014 Friday L 25, 26, & September ~ 03 October 2014 Engineering Test Week 04~12 October 2013 UP Recess 17 October 2013 Friday L 28, 29, & October 2013 Friday L 31, 32, & October 2013 Friday (Last day of MEG 421/780 Course) L 34, 35, & 36 Problems: 04 November 2014 UP 2 nd Semester Lectures End 07~27 November 2013 Examinations The working of problems as indicated in the study guide is of the utmost importance to master this work. You are expected to do your problems regularly. However you do not have to submit them. Solutions to underlined problems are posted on the web page. You may compare your solutions to these after you have tried them yourself. Solutions to the other problems will not be provided to give you an opportunity to get accustomed to doing problems without knowing the answers. You are however encouraged to discuss the problems and your solutions with your classmate. Assignments: All assignments will be graded which means the assignments must be submitted in accordance with the specified due date which will be announced by the lecturer during the class. Page 4 of 10

5 Tests and examinations: Semester marks are calculated as follows: Test 1 40 % Test 2 40 % Assignment 20 % The final mark is calculated as follows: Semester mark: 50 % Exam mark 50 % Use of calculators: The departmental policy on the use of calculators for closed book modules is applicable. For more info see the departmental website. STUDY 1. Module Structure The module is comprised of the following study themes: Themes Mechatronics 421/780 Lectures 1 Introduction to Mechatronics L 1 Electric Circuits and Components L 2 & 3 2 Semiconductor Electronics L 4 & 5 3 Digital Circuits L 6-12 Test 1 TBA 4 Microcontroller Programming and Interfacing L System Response L 19 & 20 6 Analog Signal Processing Using Operational Amplifiers L 21 & 22 7 Data Acquisition L 23, 24, & 25 8 Sensors L 26, 27, & 28 Test 2 TBA 9 Actuators L 29 & Measurement fundamentals & Mechanics of Materials L 31, 32, & Review L 34, 35, & Study Themes Theme 1: Introduction and Electric Circuits and Components Page 5 of 10

6 mechatronics, measurement system, voltage (or electromotive force), current, direct current, alternating current, electrical circuits, load, ground, resistor, Ohm's laws, conductance, capacitor, inductor, Kirchhoff's laws, series resistance circuit, parallel resistance circuit, output/input impedance, digital multimeters, Euler's formula, polar form, rectangular form. Define mechatronics and appreciate its relevance to contemporary engineering design. Identify a mechatronic system and its primary elements. Illustrate the elements of a general measurement system. Understand differences among resistance, capacitance, and inductance. Be able to define Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws and apply them to passive circuits that include resistors, capacitors, inductors, voltage sources, and current sources. Know how to apply models for ideal voltage and current sources. Be able to predict the steady-state behaviour of circuits with sinusoidal inputs. Be able to characterize the power dissipated or generated by a circuit. Be able to predict the effects of mismatched impedances. Understand how to reduce noise and interference in electrical circuits. Appreciate the need to pay attention to electrical safety and to ground components properly. Be aware of several practical considerations that will help you assemble actual circuits and make them function properly and reliably. Know how to make reliable voltage and current measurements. Theme 2: Semiconductor Electronics conductors, semiconductors, junction diode, diode equation, forward/reverse biased or conduction, zener diode, optoelectronic diodes, bipolar junction transistor, bipolar transistor switch, phototransistor and optoisolator, field-effect transistors. Comprehend the basic physics of semiconductor devices. Be aware of the different types of diodes and how they are used. Know the similarities and differences between bipolar junction transistors and fieldeffect transistors. Understand how a transistor can be used to switch current to a load. Be able to design circuits using diodes, voltage regulators, bipolar transistors, and field-effect transistors. Page 6 of 10

7 Be able to select semiconductor components for your designs. Theme 3: Digital Circuits combinational/sequential logic, digital representation, binary arithmetic, timing diagrams, Boolean algebra, De Morgan's laws, sequential logic, flip-flops, TTL and CMOS. Be able to define a digital signal. Understand how the binary and hexadecimal number systems are used in coding digital data. Know the characteristics of different logic gates. Know the differences between combinational and sequential logic. Be able to draw a timing diagram for a digital circuit. Be able to use Boolean mathematics to analyze logic circuits. Be able to design logic networks. Be able to use a variety of flip-flops for storing data. Understand differences between TTL and CMOS logic devices. Know how to construct an interface between TTL and CMOS devices Be able to use counters for different counting applications Know how to display numerical data using LED displays. Theme 4: Microcontroller Programming and Interfacing microprocessors and microcomputers, bus, microcontrollers, PIC, PicBasic Pro programming. Understand the differences among microprocessors, microcomputers, and microcontrollers. Know the terminology associated with a microcomputer and microcontroller. Understand the architecture and principles of operation of a microcontroller. Understand the basic concepts of assembly language programming. Understand the basics of higher level programming languages such as PicBasic Pro. Be able to write programs to control PIC microcontrollers Be able to interface microcontrollers to input and output devices. Be able to design microcontroller-based mechatronic systems. Be aware of several practical considerations that will help you prototype, program, and debug microcontroller-based systems. Be able to select an appropriate source of power for a microcontroller-based system. Page 7 of 10

8 Theme 5: System Response amplitude linearity, adequate bandwidth, bandwidth and frequency response, phase linearity, dynamic characteristics of systems, zero-order system, first-order system, second-order system, system modelling. Understand the three characteristics of a good measurement system: amplitude linearity, phase linearity, and adequate bandwidth. Be able to define the Fourier series representation of a signal and use it to show the components of the spectrum of the signal. Understand the relationship between an instrument s bandwidth and the spectra of its input and output signals. Understand the dynamic response of zero-, first-, and second-order measurement and mechatronic systems. Be able to use step and sinusoidal inputs to analyse and characterize the response of measurement and mechatronic systems. Understand the analogies among mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic systems. Theme 6: Analog Signal Processing Using Operational Amplifiers inverting/non-inverting amplifiers, difference amplifier, integrator circuit, differentiator circuit, comparator circuit. Understand the input/output characteristics of a linear amplifier. Understand how to use the model of an ideal operational amplifier in circuit analysis. Know how to design op amp circuits. Be able to design an inverting amplifier, noninverting amplifier, summer, difference amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, integrator, differentiator, and sample and hold amplifier. Understand the characteristics and limitations of a real operational amplifier. Theme 7: Data Acquisition sampling theorem, quantizing theory, analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion. Page 8 of 10

9 Understand how to properly sample a signal for digital processing. Understand how digitized data are coded. Know the components of an A/D converter. Understand how A/D and D/A converters function and recognize their limitations. Be aware of commercially available hardware and software tools for data acquisition and control. Understand the basics of LabVIEW programming and data acquisition. Understand the effects of sampling rate and resolution on music sampling. Theme 8: Sensors position and speed measurement, proximity sensors and switches, potentiometer, linear variable differential transformer, digital optical encoder, gray code, stress and strain measurement, temperature measurement, vibration and acceleration measurement. Understand the fundamentals of simple electromechanical sensors, including proximity sensors and switches, potentiometers, linear variable differential transformers, optical encoders, strain gages, load cells, thermocouples, and accelerometers. Be able to describe how natural and binary codes are used to encode linear and rational position in digital encoders. Be able to apply engineering mechanics principles to interpret data from a single strain gage or strain gage rosette. Be able to make accurate temperature measurements using thermocouples. Know how to measure acceleration and understand the frequency response of accelerometers. Understand what a microelectromechanical (MEM) system is. Theme 9: Actuators electromagnetic principles, solenoids and relays, electric motors, DC motors, stepper motors, hydraulic systems, pneumatic systems. Be able to identify different classes of actuators, including solenoids, DC motors, AC motors, hydraulics, and pneumatics. Page 9 of 10

10 Understand the differences between series, shunt, compound, permanent magnet, and stepper DC motors. Understand how to design electronics to control a stepper motor. Be able to select a motor for a mechatronics application Be able to identify and describe the components used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Theme 10: Measurement fundamentals & Mechanics of Materials system of units, conversion factors, significant figures, statistics, error analysis, stress and strain relations. Be able to define SI units and use them in calculations. Know how to use statistics fundamentals to characterize measured data. Be able to compute the error associated with a measurement. Understand the basic relationships between stress and strain. Alciatore, D. G., & Histand, M. B. (2012). Introduction to mechatronics and measurement systems (4 th ed.). New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill. Page 10 of 10

CRN: MET-487 Instrumentation and Automatic Control June 28, 2010 August 5, 2010 Professor Paul Lin

CRN: MET-487 Instrumentation and Automatic Control June 28, 2010 August 5, 2010 Professor Paul Lin CRN: 32030 MET-487 Instrumentation and Automatic Control June 28, 2010 August 5, 2010 Professor Paul Lin Course Description: Class 2, Lab 2, Cr. 3, Junior class standing and 216 Instrumentation for pressure,