DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS PHYS*2040 W'09. Fundamental Electronics and Sensors. Lecturer: Dr. Ralf Gellert MacN 450 Ext

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1 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS PHYS*2040 W'09 Fundamental Electronics and Sensors Lecturer: Dr. Ralf Gellert MacN 450 Ext Lab Instructor: Andrew Tersigni MacN 023 Ext Lectures: Tuesday 10:00-11:20 MacN 118 Thursday 10:00-11:20 MacN 118 Laboratories: Office hours: Mid-term Examination: Final Examination: Thursday 13:00-15:50 MacN 415B One hour after lectures in MacN 450, TBC Thursday Feb :00-11:20 in class TBC Textbook: An Introduction to Modern Electronics W. L. Faissler John Wiley and Sons (1991) - recommended Library call # TK7816.F29 Lab Manual: PHYS*2040 Lab Manual (available in Physics Office) required Software: Micro-Cap 9.0 Demo (highly recommended) Objectives: (a) To introduce the students to the language and fundamental laws of electricity and magnetism used to explain the behavior of the basic components found in electric and electronic circuits. (b) To explain the theory and operation of semiconducting diodes and transistors. (c) To examine the use of analog and digital integrated circuits in signal processing. (d) To introduce the students to various transducers used to interface electronic circuits to the physical world around us. (e) To give the students practice using some of the basic test instruments used in a physics laboratory such as the digital voltmeter and oscilloscope.

2 Evaluation: Laboratory 20% Mid-term 20% Final 40% Problem Assignments 20% For the mid-term and final exams either one hand written page is allowed or a formula sheet is provided. If labs or the term test are missed, consideration will be given if medical or other acceptable documentation for cause is presented. Every ~ 2-3 weeks there will be problem assignments. These are designed to improve the student s problem solving skills and to reinforce the material given in class. The problems also serve as examples for the mid-term and final exam. Solutions will be posted either at the door of MacN 450 or on the course website. LECTURE SCHEDULE This course emphasizes the operation and function of various electronic systems as compared to individual components. Both analog and digital circuits will be considered and their interactions discussed. The lecture schedule which follows is approximate and is intended as a guide only. January 06 th, class starts A: FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES - Text (Chapter 2) 1. Electrical potential - Coulomb's Law, electric field, electric potential energy, voltage 2. Current - definition, resistance, Ohm's Law, heat and power in resistors B: DC CIRCUITS - Text (Chapters 3,4 and 5) 3. Resistors in series and parallel - Kirchhoff's Laws circuit analysis - reduction to simpler circuits 4. Mesh current analysis (loop equations) examples C: DC and TRANSIENT ANALYSIS Text (Chapters 6 and 12) 5. Voltage and current sources - Thevenin's and Norton s Theorems 6. Capacitors charging, series and parallel, Resistor-capacitor circuits.

3 D: INDUCTANCE, AC CIRCUITS - Text (Chapter 12, 7 and 8) 7. Properties of inductors, RL circuits. 8. Sinusoidal voltage current-voltage relations for R, L, C - phasor representation E: AC CIRCUITS ANALYSIS - Text (Chapter 7, 9 and 10) 9. Complex numbers using complex numbers in AC circuits 10. Examples of using complex numbers - high and low pass filters, resonance circuits - band pass filters F: TRANSDUCERS - Text (Chapter 50) 11. Introduction to transducers. Temperature, strain, pressure, electromagnetic 12. Midterm test Feb MID-SEMESTER BREAK G: DIGITAL CIRCUITS I - Text (Chapters 19, 20 and 21) 13. Logic gates - OR, NOR, AND, NAND Ex-OR gates Boolean Algebra - demorgan's Theorems, binary addition 14. Latches - RS latch, data latch, JK flip-flops H. Counters and Amplification Text (Chapters 24, 25 and 28) 15. Binary, up/down and BCD counters, shift register, seven segment display 16. Introduction to the basic operational amplifier negative feedback I: BASIC OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS - Text (Chapters 29, 31, and 32) 17. Inverting, non-inverting, summation and difference op-amp circuits 18. The current to voltage converter, basic DAC, ladder type DAC. J: ACTIVE FILTERS AND OSCILLATORS - Text (Chapters 29, 32, and 35) 19: Lo pass, Hi pass, band pass circuits, the instrument amplifier, oscillator 20: Analog to digital conversion ramp and dual slope types K: INTRODUCTION TO SEMICONDUCTORS AND DEVICES - Text (Chapters 40 and 41) 21: Properties of semiconductors, doping extrinsic p and n types 22: The pn junction, IV relation, rectification

4 L: APPLICATIONS OF PN JUNCTIONS Text (Chapters 41 and 42) 23: Clamps, clippers, Zener diode regulator, npn transistor 24: Wrap-up Apr. 2/08 CLASSES CONCLUDE THE LABORATORY The labs are three hours in length. Since many of the experiments require less than the full 3 hours, students are urged to ask questions about the course and/or write up their lab report in the remaining time. Use the Teaching Assistants as a resource during this period of time. Rules and comments on the operation of the laboratory periods in PHYS*2040, Fundamental Electronics and Applications: Each student will be required to hand in all lab reports except the first experiment. The reports are to be submitted to the lab demonstrator at the end of the experiment or placed in a suitably labeled mail slot in the hallway outside room 416 by the following deadlines: Thursday afternoon lab Tuesday ( prior to class ), TBC A late penalty of 1.5 marks per day will be assessed to reports handed in late. The marking of the lab should be completed for the next lab period. The lab outlines consist of 2 parts: 1. Asterisked parts which must be answered prior to coming to the lab. This will insure that the experiment can be completed in the allotted time. 2. Experimental exercises which will substantiate answers given to questions in (1) and which will give the students practice in hooking up circuits and measuring unknowns. In general, students should not turn on their equipment until their circuit has been checked by the instructor. The laboratory outlines and lectures will give details on the way in which circuits are to be connected and the colour codes to be followed. Normally, red will indicate the positive side of the circuit and black the negative side. Positive current will be used throughout, i.e., current flowing from the

5 positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal. You should not leave leads dangling since this often leads to short circuits and consequent damage to the circuit. You should not switch your voltmeters from the voltage to current scale without first disconnecting from the circuit (the first current scale is 12A and acts as short circuit). As much as possible, the construction of the circuits should be a geometrical image of the circuit diagram you are given. This avoids a lot of redundant leads and generally untidy wiring. Upon completion of the experiment, the area should be cleaned up and the components and wires left as found when student arrived. Date: LABORATORY SCHEDULE Jan. 15 Introduction to Circuit Simulation Software* 22 Common Measuring Instruments 29 Voltmeters and Ammeters and Circuit Loading Feb. 5 The CRO and Signal Generator, AC Measurements resistor 12 Alternating Current Circuits* MID-SEMESTER BREAK 26 Transducers Mar. 5 Digital Logic Gates, Multivibrators and Flip-Flops 12 Counters and Displays 19 The Basic Operational Amplifiers 26 Properties of Real Amplifiers Apr. 2 Mathematical Operations, Filtering and Tuned Circuits* * Computer Simulation

6 Fundamental Electronics and Sensors on the WWW The Department of Physics has a WWW server and information about the activities in the Department can be viewed at the WWW address: From the Physics home page it is possible to get the home page for this course. All important information such as the course outline, problem assignments, midterm and final exam dates are available at this web site. The Microlab on the third floor of the MacNaughton Building has many computers available for student use. Students are invited to use these facilities to: (1) the Lecturer or TA's. (2) Browse the WWW to get information pertaining to the subjects of the course. Very instructive Web sites are available to get an overview or a deeper insight into various themes of the course. Below is a short list of very useful links: (3) Use the electronic simulation program: Micro-Cap or other suitable mathematics programs like MATHCAD and MATLAB. In the first laboratory period students in the course will be given introduction to the Microlab and the facilities that are available for their use.