Nanotechnology 101. John Marsh SUNYIT

Transcription

1 Nanotechnology 101 John Marsh SUNYIT

2 Overview Introduc>on to nanotechnology (what miracle?) Thinking small Nature s nano Microelectronics, computers, and communica>ons Cleanrooms and the nano toolbox MEMs Fullerenes Everyday and medical applica>ons of nanotech 2

3 Recommended reading: a general nontechnical audience No Small MaQer Frankel and Whitesides ISBN:

4 Recommended reading: scien>fic and technical but not at the level of an engineering or science textbook Introduc>on to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Chris Binns ISBN:

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12 12 How Big is a Nanometer?

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14 14 1 mm

15 mm = 500 um

16 16 Human hair 100 mm

17 17 75 mm pixel size in the iphone 4

18 18 Pollen spores typical 10 mm

19 19 Bacteria typically 1 um - MRSA

20 20

21 21 AIDS virus typical size 100 nm

22 22 Atomic dimensions typically 1 nm

23 23 Nano Par>cles in our Environment

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29 29 Microelectronics, computers, and communica>ons

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40 Moore s Law Transistor Count 40 Year

41 Feature Size [nm] Semiconductor Chip Feature Size Year

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54 54 Cleanrooms and the Nano Toolbox

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58 Ebeam lithography (EBL) PECVD deposi>on 58 SpuQerer Focused Ion Beam (FIB ) ion milling

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67 67 Si(111)

68 68 Si(111) 7x7 reconstruc>on

69 69 GaAs (110)

70 70 Fe atoms on Cu(111)

71 71 PT(100)

72 72 Organic molecules on Cu(110) self- organize

73 73

74 74 AFM E. Coli 1x2 um

75 75 AFM, MFM hard disk surface

76 76 Eigler and Schweizer 1990

77 Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) 77

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85 85 Fullerenes

86 86 Buckeyball 60 carbon atoms, about 1 nm in diameter

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90 90 Everyday and Medical Applica>ons

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95 95 Medical Applica>ons

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100 100 The Future

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103 Thank You! Ques>ons? Picture slideshow available at (along with photo credits) 103

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105 Photo credits Slide 6 hqp:// Slide 7 hqp:// 7 Slide 8 hqp:// 8 Slide 9 hqp:// by- Natural/viruses.html 9 Slide 10 hqp:// 10 Slide 11 hqp:// 11 Slide 12 12

106 Photo credits Slide 13 hqp:// 13 Slide 14 1 mm hqp:// 14 Slide mm = 500 um hqp://zphotoblog.com/maths- close- up- of- the- pencil/ 15 Slide 16 Human hair 100 um hqp:// 16 Slide um pixel size in the iphone 4 as small as the eye can see hqp://blog.demandware.com/blog/?tag=forrester 17

107 Photo credits Slide 18 Pollen spores typical 10 um hqp:// 18 Slide 19 Bacteria typically 1 um in size SEM image of Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Kills about 100,000 people in USA each year hqp:// Slide 20 hqp:// 20 Slide 21 AIDS virus typical size 100 nm hqp://001yourtransla>onservice.com/computer- >ps/protec>ng- your- computer.htm 21 Slide 22 Atomic dimensions typically 1 nm hqp://flack13.blogspot.com/2008_06_01_archive.html22 Slide 23 Nano Par>cles in our Environment23 Slide 24 hqp://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/sect16/sect16_1.html 24

108 Photo credits Slide 25 hqp://livinggreenadvice.com/blog/environment/what s- in- that- spray- can- you re- holding/ 25 Slide 26 Each breath: millions of nanopar>cles, typical size 10 nm hqp:// content/uploads/2010/03/mexico- city- air- britain1.jpg 26 Slide 27 hqp://volcano- pictures.info/glossary/pyroclas>c_flow.html 27 Slide 28 hqp://candlefind.com/candle- reviews/julia- wooten/emily- s- candles- bath.html 28 Slide Slide 30 hqp:// 30 Slide 31 hqp:// 31 Slide 32 hqp:// 32

109 Photo credits Slide 33 hqp:// 33 Slide 34 hqp:// 34 Slide 35 hqp:// 35 Slide 36 hqp:// 36 Slide 37 hqp:// 37 Slide 38 hqp://crazy- frankenstein.com/the- chip- that- is- changing- our- lives.html38 Slide and P2 hqp://hlhsos.com/ hqp://

110 Photo credits Slide Slide 41 JM - Excel41 Slide 42 hqp:// 42 Slide 43 hqp:// 43 Slide 44 hqp://memory- card- recovery.org/tag/flash- data- recovery 44 Slide 45 Slide 46 Slide 47 hqp:// 47 Slide 48 hqps://infosecurity.us/?p=

111 Photo credits Slide 49 Microsos data center hqp://blogs.technet.com/b/msdatacenters/archive/2009/06/29/microsos- brings- two- more- mega- data- centers- online- in- july.aspx 49 Slide 50 Google data center hqp://sciencelife.uchospitals.edu/wp- content/uploads/googe- datacenter- 300x225.jpg 50 Slide 51 hqp:// 51 Slide 52 Cisco CRS- 3: 322 Tbps router, e hqp:// crs- 3- can- deliver- every- movie- ever- made- in- 4- minutes/52 Slide 53 hqp://blogs.cornell.edu/newmedia10blb45/ 53 Slide Slide 55 hqp:// 55 Slide 56 hqp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:evg- 620_%26_MA- 150_steppers_at_LAAS_(FDLS_2007)_0438.jpg 56 Slide 57 SEM: hqp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:ernst_ruska_electron_microscope_- _Deutsches_Museum_- _Munich- edit.jpg SEM: hqp://

112 Photo credits Slide 49 Microsos data center hqp://blogs.technet.com/b/msdatacenters/archive/2009/06/29/microsos- brings- two- more- mega- data- centers- online- in- july.aspx 49 Slide 50 Google data center hqp://sciencelife.uchospitals.edu/wp- content/uploads/googe- datacenter- 300x225.jpg 50 Slide 51 hqp:// 51 Slide 52 Cisco CRS- 3: 322 Tbps router, e hqp:// crs- 3- can- deliver- every- movie- ever- made- in- 4- minutes/52 Slide 53 hqp://blogs.cornell.edu/newmedia10blb45/ 53 Slide Slide 55 hqp:// 55 Slide 56 hqp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:evg- 620_%26_MA- 150_steppers_at_LAAS_(FDLS_2007)_0438.jpg 56 Slide 57 SEM: hqp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:ernst_ruska_electron_microscope_- _Deutsches_Museum_- _Munich- edit.jpg SEM: hqp://

113 Photo credits Slide 58 Ebeam lithography (EBL), PECVD, spuqerer, focused ion beam (FIB) (hqp:// ebeam.html) EBL highest resolu>on (20 n) but slow PECVD great control over morphology (hqp:// SpuQerer (hqp:// FIB beam of metal atoms, used to mill surfaces (ion milling) (hqp:// Slide 59 SEM: hqp://science.howstuffworks.com/scanning- electron- microscope.htm/printable59 Slide 60 Human blood (hqp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:sem_blood_cells.jpg) ant s head (hqp:// Slide 61 Surface of a computer chip (hqp://users.elis.ugent.be/~aldevos/projects/computer.html)61 Slide 62 scanning tunneling microscope [STM], which was invented in 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, both employed by I.B.M. Research in Zurich. Binnig and Rohrer won the 1986 Nobel Prize in physics for their inven>on (hqp://mcff.mtu.edu/ acmal/images/veecodim3000afm.jpg)62 Slide 63 AFM (hqp:// Slide 64 AFM >p photo Frankel (hqp://pubs.acs.org/cen/books/88/8807books.html)64 Slide 65 AFM >ps (hqp://

114 Photo credits Slide 66 AFM opera>on (hqp://www3.physik.uni- greifswald.de/method/afm/eafm.htm)66 Slide 67 Si(111) 7x7 problem solved by STM (hqp:// index.html~omicron)67 Slide 68 Famous use of STM to resolve Si(111) 7x7 reconstruc>on problem (hqp:// rom/highly_resolved_stm/index.html~omicron)68 Slide 69 Constant current STM image of a GaAs (110) surface highly doped with Zn acceptors at T = 4.7 K. (hqp:// Slide 70 quantum corrals made of Fe atoms on Cu(111) surface Shapes inside due to electrons in Cu surface bouncing in paqern hqp:// sciences.com/fr/news/t/physique- 1/d/ibm- poursuit- sa- conquete- du- nanomonde_14714/ 70 Slide 71 PT(100) surface and reconstruc>on hqp:// 71

115 Photo credits Slide 72 Interplay between imaging and simula>ons! Low- coverage EDOT molecules on Cu(110) self- organize into stacks hqp:// 72 Slide 73 Sos maqer AFM lipid bilayer hqp:// 73 Slide 74 AFM e- coli 1x2 um hqp:// 74 Slide 75 AFM, Magne>c Force Microscopy (MFM) hard disk surface hqp:// 75 Slide 76 Eigler and Schweizer 1990 hqp:// 76

116 Photo credits Slide Slide 78 MEMS hqp:// 78 Slide 79 MEMS hqp:// 79 Slide 80 MEMS (hqp:// Drexler) 80 Slide 81 MEMS hqp:// 81 Slide 82 hqp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mems 82 Slide 83 Texas Instruments Digital Light Processor (DLP) chip hqp:// kiel.de/matwis/amat/semitech_en/kap_7/backbone/r7_1_1.html 83

117 Photo credits Slide 84 Opera>on of DLP projector hqp:// 84 Slide Slide 86 Buckeyball 60 carbon atoms, about 1 nm in diameter nanohub.org Lots of other carbon allotropes hqp://

118 Photo credits Slide 87 Nanotubes are very strong hqp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/carbon_nanotube87 Slide 88 Pillared graphene consists of CNTs and graphene sheets combined to form a 3D network nanostructure hqp://spie.org/x33929.xml?ar>cleid=x Slide 89 Lots of carbon nanostructures are contained in soot hqp://candlefind.com/candle- reviews/julia- wooten/emily- s- candles- bath.html 89 Slide Slide 91 Langmuir- BlodgeQ film hqp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/langmuir%e2%80%93blodgeq_film Pulling an LB film from a trough hqp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/langmuir- BlodgeQ_trough

119 Photo credits Slide 92 WeQability provides a way to directly visualize the effects of a molecularly thin layers of molecules on a surface Fully we{ng, par>ally we{ng (hydrophilic), par>al we{ng (hydrophobic), non- we{ng92 Slide 93 Popular as ScotchGaurd stain- resistant fabric coa>ngs (essen>ally a molecular layer of teflon) hqp:// 93 Slide 94 Aquapel or RainEx also give a non- we{ng layer for beqer vision in the rain _ This is some of my background! hqp:// 94 Slide Slide 96 The possibili>es are amazing hqp:// hpp.com/eng/service/pressarchive.php?pm=ct_pm hqp:// 96

120 Photo credits Slide 97 Stem cell research for cancer treatments 97 Slide 98 Advanced imaging hqp://repairstemcell.wordpress.com/2009/02/23/ 98 Slide 99 An>- bacterial coa>ngs on consumer products silver atoms hqp://gizmodo.com/192732/elecom- m+abur- series- usb- mouse- an>bacterial- coa>ng- but- dont- kid- yourself 99 Slide Slide 101 Lots of science fic>on out there! hqp://escuadrondelaverdad.wordpress.com/category/salud/page/2/ 101 Slide 102 More science fic>on? hqp://io9.com/ /where- are- my- medical- nanobots