Operating Instructions MANUAL. High Voltage Construction KIT 4.0

Transcription

1 Operating Instructions MANUAL High Voltage Construction KIT 4.0

2 Title KIT High Voltage Construction 4.0 Release date Modification: 06 Author M.Ahl/D.Rehm

3 Contents CONTENTS 3 FOREWORD 6 SAFETY 7 Warnings... 7 Safety Equipment... 8 Special Information Concerning DC-Voltage... 8 Grounding Of Capacitors for DC-Application... 9 Grounding Instructions... 9 Emergency... 9 Five Basic Safety Rules Insulating Oil Shell DIALA D GENERAL INFORMATION 11 Product description Introduction Structure Components KIT FC Cabinet: x Power input connection x Ground connection x Connections of the Emergency Stop x Connection of the Interlock x Power output x Measurement of AC-Voltages VRMS x Measurement of DC voltages VDC, x Ground switch connection x Switch Connection x Optical connections of the EZK x Sub-D connections of the AKF/MF "new" x Connections of the AKF/MF "old" x Connection of HTAG Lamp + Horn x Connection of the Lamp + Horn (potential free, for customer use) x LAN connection x LWL-LAN connection (optical) x Customer input/output connections (automatic impulse switch off) Second components Third Components Control and Measurement Control unit: KIT High Voltage Construction Contents 3

4 Measuring instrument DMI Measuring instrument Picoscope 3405d / Measuring with the KIT-FC-cabinet TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION 53 AC-configuration DC-configuration DC 1 stage DC 2 stages DC 3 stages Impulse configuration General Impulse 1 stage Impulse 2 and 3 stages Packing material, Transportation, Storage, Unpacking ASSEMBLING, INSTALLATION, FIRST PUTTING INTO OPERATION 66 Installation area Test room Safety equipment Screening Grounding Assembling Terminals PZT Transformer cascade stages transformer cascade stages transformer cascade Preparation for first putting into operation Condition Procedure OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 82 Introduction Construction of the different KIT-configurations AC-configuration stage stages stages DC-configuration stage stages stages Impulse configuration stage stages stages Load ranges of the different KIT-configurations AC-configuration stage stages stages DC-configuration stage stages stages Impulse-configuration

5 1 stage stages stages Switch on procedure Condition Procedure Operation Normal operation Abnormal occurrence Switch off procedure Procedure Emergency switch off Switch off Restart Options Additional equipment KIT 4.0 (overview) TROUBLE SHOOTING 113 Errors and disturbances Basic trouble shooting Common failures Minimum data for reporting a fault MAINTENANCE 115 Utility services Support, Maintenance Cleaning Repairs Spare parts COMPONENTS FROM SUB-SUPPLIERS 117 ONWARD TRANSFERS 118 Resale Shut down procedure Disposal Taking back TRAINING, EDUCATION 119 Training Education DIAGRAMS, DRAWINGS 120 Summary TECHNICAL DATA 121 Ambient conditions for storage and operation, system data etc System Components TEST REPORTS 122 Summary KIT High Voltage Construction Contents 5

6 Foreword Welcome as a new user of the High Voltage Construction KIT 4.0. Thank you for placing your confidence in our product. With the purchase of this system you have opted for all the advantages that had built a world-wide reputation for Haefely Hipotronics Instrument: Robustness, performance and quality is assured. As a result this system provides a solution which achieves the optimal combination of traditional know-how and leading edge technology. Any correspondence regarding this system should include the exact type number, system serial number and firmware version number. With the exception of the firmware version number, this information can be found on the registration plate on the right panel of the system. The design of this system will be continuously reviewed and improved where possible. Therefore there may be small differences between the operating manual and the actual system. Although all efforts are made to avoid mistakes, no responsibility is accepted by Haefely Hipotronics for the accuracy of this operating manual. This operating manual is designed for completeness and easy location of the required information. Customers who already have experience with this kind of equipment will find this document to be of assistance as an extended help. A keyword index at the end of the operating manual greatly eases use. If you find a mistake or inconsistency in the operating manual then please feel free to inform our Customer Support department with your corrections so that other users may benefit. Haefely Hipotronics accepts no responsibility for any damage that may be caused during use of this document. We reserve the right to amend the operation, functionality and design of this system without prior notice. If discrepancies are noticed between the on-line help provided by the system and the operating manual, then the on-line help should be followed. All rights reserved. Any use of this manual other than for operation of the system requires prior written authorization from Haefely Hipotronics. 2018, Haefely Hipotronics, Switzerland

7 Safety Warnings High voltage can be lethal! Only trained persons are allowed to work with this equipment! The customer is responsible that the employees, which work with this equipment, are trained. The training has to be repeated in regular intervals; the training has to be documented. The test area has to be equipped with an adequate security circuit (see chapter Safety Equipment. When working on high voltage test equipment, at least two persons must always be present, one of them bears responsibility for the test. Never open a cover or a case in which the line voltage is present before having disconnected the power supply! Before entering the test area, after high voltage tests have been performed, it has to be made sure that the power supply is definitely switched of at the KIT control software (see manual KIT control software) and the emergency button is pressed. After high voltage tests have been performed the first thing which has to be done after entering the test area is making sure that all high voltage parts in the test area have to be grounded! This concerns especially if test with DC-voltage are performed (DC or Impulse configuration), see chapter Special Information Concerning DC-Voltage. After the grounding procedure the grounding rod has to be placed at the high voltage side of the transformer. When operators exit the test area before the high voltage is connected, the manual grounding rods must be placed near the entry. Before the high voltage is connected, the responsible person for the test must verify that: The test circuit is assembled correctly The test object is connected correctly All safety systems are operable The manual grounding rod has been removed. Short circuit cables from the capacitors have to be removed. All persons have left the test area. KIT High Voltage Construction Safety 7

8 It has to be taken into consideration that the earth switch type ES in multi-stage configurations (two or three stages) doesn t provide a sufficient grounding for all high voltage parts of the system. Even when the earth switch is activated all high voltage parts of the system have to be grounded with the grounding rods. If DC-voltage tests are performed (DC or Impulse configuration) special earthing instruction has to be kept in mind (see chapter Special Information Concerning DC-Voltage ). The essential safety provisions governing setup and operation in combination with the regulating transformer, high voltage transformer and other components of the high voltage test installation are set forth in the following standards: VDE 0100 (DIN 57100): Setup of power-current systems up to 1000 V (in German language) VDE 0101 (DIN 57101): Setup of power-current systems over 1000 V (in German language) VDE 0104 (DIN 57104): Building and operation of electrical examining facilities (in German language) Safety Equipment The test area should be enclosed by a metal grid fence of at least 2.2 meters height with a maximum grid spacing of 40 mm. All doors leading to the test room must be equipped with door contacts, which close when the door is closed. All contacts should be connected in series to the interlock system provided by the KIT FU cabinet. This safety system will automatically turn off the high voltage if the interlock is opened while the test system is switched on. Red and green warning lights should be installed at all doors leading to the test room. Special Information Concerning DC-Voltage Extra care is essential in direct current experiments, since the high voltage capacitors in many circuits retain their full voltage, for a long time even after disconnection. Even unused capacitors can acquire dangerous charges! The following earthing regulations have to be strictly observed. Even unused capacitors can acquire dangerous charges. DC-voltage appears in DC- and Impulse configurations.

9 Grounding Of Capacitors for DC-Application No high voltage capacitors are allowed to be touched which weren t immediately discharged before and aren't short-circuited! Capacitors, which are not shorted after discharging, could be recharged under noload condition even when the capacitors are directly discharged before (Recharging effect). A sufficient discharge will be achieved with two suitable grounding rods between the two poles of the capacitor! For a correct discharging both poles of the capacitor must be connected to earth at the same time sufficiently by means of the two grounding rods. The capacitor has to be short-circuited after the discharging procedure in a way, that first both poles of the capacitor have to be connected to earth with two grounding rods. It has to be guaranteed that the two grounding rods couldn t detach from the Poles of the capacitor. As soon as this is ensured, the two connections of this capacitor must be short-circuited by means of an electrically conductive connection. Capacitors have to be stored in short-circuit condition together with the instruction Grounding of capacitors for DC-Application! The short circuiting has to be done after the discharging of the capacitor. Grounding Instructions A good test field can enter a separate grounding. This ensures that no disturbances from surrounding machines enter the test field and - in case of a failure - the earth potential of the surrounding does not rise, causing damage to electrical equipment. It is necessary for the test field to have a lower grounding resistance than the surrounding building. Grounding connections have to be made without forming loops. The ground connection of the measuring and control system, KIT frequency converter, high voltage transformer, floor pedestal and test object should be arranged in star connection, where the central point is grounded. The grounding rods have to be connected to the central earth point, too. For earthing of components Cu-foil or Cu-braid is recommended. Emergency The Emergency-button is connected to the KIT FC (KIT frequency converter) cabinet and a safety PLC. KIT High Voltage Construction Safety 9

10 Five Basic Safety Rules Always remember the five basic safety rules for working with high voltage: 1) Disconnect mains! 2) Prevent reconnection! 3) Test for absence of harmful voltages! 4) Ground and short circuit! 5) Cover or close off nearby live parts! Insulating Oil Shell DIALA D Shell DIALA D oil is the insulating oil of the test transformer KIT PZT , some resistors, the diodes and the capacitors. For detailed information about the insulating oil please contact the manufacture. Before any operation read the datasheet carefully.

11 General Information Product description Introduction The High Voltage Construction KIT is a system of components for applications in high voltage technology. All components have the same length and mechanical interconnections. They can be combined to form a test configuration and are extremely versatile. Test configurations are available which allow the generation of AC voltages up to 300 kv, DC voltages up to 400 kv (under no load condition i.e. without measuring divider) and impulse voltages up to approx. 365 kv with different power output ratings. Such test configurations are extremely compact and their flexibility allows the test system to be matched to the prevailing conditions in the test room (dimensions, height etc.). The application range for the high voltage KIT covers not only the use in high voltage laboratories of technical universities, but also as an industrial test system for routine and type tests on electrical equipment up to 300 kv (AC). A complete test system requires a floor surface of approx. 5 m x 6 m. The influence of parasitic effects will be lower. The configuration is built up, as it name suggests, by simply inserting the various elements to form a self-supporting structure. No tools are required. In spite of its striking simplicity, the KIT is equipped with all the components of comparable large industrial test systems. Numerous accessories are available for the basic KIT elements. The high voltage KIT has got compact dimensions and a wide range of application. It is portable and truly represents a complete high voltage test system. KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 11

12 Structure Figure 1 shows the general block diagram of the KIT. Fig. 1: Block diagram of high voltage construction KIT For each configuration (AC, DC and Impulse) there is a single stage or multistage (up to maximum three stages) configuration. For DC and Impulse setup only one test transformer is necessary (even in multistage configuration). But for a two stages AC configuration two test transformers are required and for a three stages AC configuration three test transformers. A configuration is built up by inserting different KIT components (e.g. resistors, capacitors, etc.) into connection cups resp. floor pedestal to form a self-supporting arrangement. No additional tools are required. Due to this design the user can make changes in the circuit quickly and efficiently. Every connection cup has six possible combinations. Two vertical and four horizontal (see figure 2). 12 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

13 Fig. 2: Connection cup for connecting the KIT components Ground connection Fig. 3: Floor pedestal with one KIT component and spacer bars Every floor pedestal has two threads on opposite sides for ground connection. This way the grounding can be made at the end of the assembly simply by screwing the copper foil/ braid to the floor pedestals without need to rearrange them. Figure 4 shows the structure of an AC circuit 100 kv (rms) (without control unit). KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 13

14 Fig. 4: Construction of an AC one stage configuration The configuration is built up by inserting elements to form a self-supporting arrangement. No additional tools are required. Configurations with more than just one stage can be built as in the following examples (figure 5 and 6). Fig. 5: Setup of two transformers For lifting the KIT PZT 100, a crane and a two lifting hooks has to be used. Therefore two M 12 threads are for the lifting hocks. To avoid slipping the KIT PZT 100 transformer is equipped with four bulges. The bottom of the next PZT stage fits inside there. 14 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

15 Fig. 6: Construction of different KIT elements KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 15

16 Components The KIT 4.0 system comprises the following elements. Depending on the configuration not all parts are necessary (see chapter Third Components ).The KIT 4.0 system can be divided into three sections. The first section is the source (KIT-FC-cabinet), the second component is the high voltage transformer (KIT PZT ) and the last components are the add-ons. KIT FC Cabinet: Fig. 7: KIT-FC-cabinet Electrical specification (Input): Voltage: 3x V Power: 10 kva Frequency: Hz Electrical specification (Output): Voltage: 1 ph max. 440V Current: 22.7 A Frequency: 50 Hz to 200 Hz (10 Hz to 49 Hz derated up to 20 %) Mechanical specification: Height 1125 mm Wide 1000 mm Depth 800 mm Weight approx. 200 kg 16 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

17 The KIT-FC-cabinet is a KIT frequency converter frontend, with included PLC-control. Fig.8: Side view KIT-FC-cabinet. The KIT-FC-cabinet can provide following connections: KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 17

18 1 x Power input connection -1X2 is a cable termination for the power input (customer responsibility). There is: 1 / PE / 2 / 3 / PE / N The three phases have to be connected to 1, 2, 3; the PE is for the ground of the input cable. If the input cable provides a "neutral ground" then this can be connected to N, but it is not needed. For input protection, there are varistors between the three phases and the PE. Fig. 9: Schematic The ground of the test bay must always be connected See ground connection 18 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

19 1 x Ground connection The KIT-FC-Cabinet has a copper foil/ braid connection for connect the cabinet with low inductance to your test area ground. Ground connection Fig. 10: Ground connection Take always care that the KIT-FC-cabinet is grounded with the power ground from the input. The connection should have a low inductance. KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 19

20 2 x Connections of the Emergency Stop -800X5, -800X6-1W1 farb. abg. 4x S PE -800X5_or_X6 HAN 6B Gehäuse M25 gew. Harting 5m Emergency Button with Key Fig. 11: Schematic For the emergency stop button the Haefely product can be used. No.: Else you can use the delivered harting plug with six pins to connect your own emergency stop button. Take care that two normally closed contacts are used together. The E-stop works with a dual channel operation, it will monitor the discrepancy time between the two contacts and it has a cross short detection to prevent connecting the two circuits together in a fault case. 20 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

21 Emergency Button with Key PE -800X5_or_X6 HAN 6B Gehäuse M25 gew. Harting Fig.12: Schematic Pressing the emergency button opens the two output contactors and the input contactor of the KIT-FC-cabinet, so there is no voltage at the power output from the KIT-FC-cabinet. Shielded cables must be used for emergency connections. If the second emergency stop is not used, the plug has to be bridged. At least one emergency stop has to be connected! KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 21

22 1 x Connection of the Interlock -805X3 For the Interlock the delivered cable can be used No.: This is a screened cable connected to the plug with open ends. +Door +Ground-Rod PE -805X3' HAN 3A Gehäuse M20 gew. Harting Fig. 13: Schematic In this example above the interlock is used to monitor the door to the HV-part of the system, and to monitor if the ground rod is taken out from the high voltage. It can also be a door in a safety fence, mounted around the HV-part. You can use the delivered harting plug with six pins to connect the interlock. Take care that two normally closed contacts are used together. The Interlock works with a dual channel operation, so it will monitor the discrepancy time between the two contacts and it has a cross short detection to prevent connecting the two circuits together in a fault case. Shielded cables must be used for interlock connections. The cable shield must continue through the connectors. The end of the safety circuit is a termination or a bridge. It is recommended to use a safety fence or something equal! 22 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

23 1 x Power output -850X1 3x 2.5mm² PUR 1000v flex+ orange 3P 2.5MM2 +PZT a b BU BN PE U W PE 2 '-850X1 HAN 6B Gehäuse M25 gew. Harting Fig. 14: Schematic The power output get connected with the High voltage-transformer "PZT" KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 23

24 2 x Measurement of AC-Voltages VRMS Both measurement inputs are spitted up into a Peak/sqrt(2) measurement and a RMS measurement BNC connector VM1 Measurement 1 and 2 in the control software BNC connector VM2 Measurement 3 and 4 in the control software 4 x Measurement of DC voltages VDC, These measurements are used for DC voltages VDC (and can also be used for VAC Hz, but with less accuracy than the AC inputs) BNC-connector VM3 Measurement 5 in the control software BNC-connector VM4 Measurement 6 in the control software BNC-connector VM5 Measurement 7 in the control software BNC-connector VM6 Measurement 8 in the control software 1 x Ground switch connection -812X1 Harting plug with 10 pins '-812X1 HAN 10E pin insert 10 P + PE Harting +GND Switch 1 GND 2 Switch is in Grounded Position VDC 24 VDC Switch is in Ungrounded Position Earthing Coil A1 A VDC Switched PE Fig. 15: Schematic 24 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

25 The Ground Switch is switched to grounded position, when software status is HV OFF or Power OFF. It is always ungrounded when software status is HV Ready or HV On Always double check after switching off the high voltage parts of the system are grounded correctly! Beware: If the ground switch is in grounded position, even life parts can be under voltage! KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 25

26 3 x Switch Connection (Same as ground switch, can be used as ground switch or as a normal switch) -812X2, -812X3, -812X4 Harting plug with 10 Pins '-812X2 or X3 or X4 HAN 10E pin insert 10 P + PE Harting +Switch 1 GND 2 Switch is in Grounded Position VDC 24 VDC Switch is in Ungrounded Position Earthing Coil A1 A VDC Switched PE Fig. 16: Schematic These switches can be switched in any state of the software, in power off, HV off, HV ready and HV On. Always double check after switching off the high voltage parts of the system are grounded correctly! Beware: If the ground switch is in grounded position, even life parts can be under voltage! The additional switches can be operated in any state of the system! 4 x Optical connections of the EZK -811X1, -811X2, -811X3, -811X4 '-811X1 or X2 or X3 or X4 HAN 3A hood Harting -811W5 10m optical connection +EZK Trigger Fig. 17: Schematic 26 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

27 4 x Sub-D connections of the AKF/MF "new" -832X1, -832X2, -832X3, -832X4 '-832X1, X2, X3, X4 +MF/AKF "new" -Net plug L, N, PE Fig. 18: Schematic KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 27

28 4 x Connections of the AKF/MF "old" These connections get used together with the Adaption Box No.: X1, -816X2, -816X3, -816X4 +KIT-Cabinet '-816X W1 Adaption Box W2 +AKF/MF "old" -Net plug L, N, PE Fig. 19: Schematic The Adaption Box is connected with the KIT FC -Cabinet with the Plug -816X1, -816X2, -816X3, -816X4, The AKF or the MF "old" has to be connected with the adaption box. The net plug depends on the country and the voltage that is used for the AKF or MF. 28 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

29 1 x Connection of HTAG Lamp + Horn -821X1 1 '-821X1 5 m Fig. 20: Schematic HTAG Warning-Lamp + Horn Set: No.: x Connection of the Lamp + Horn (potential free, for customer use) -821X2 1 '-821X Imax: 6A Vmax: 250VAC Red X2 X1 +Source X2 X1 Green PE Horn N L Fig. 21: Schematic Pin 7 is the common of the potential free contacts. Pin 8 is the switched potential free contact for the red Lamp Pin 9 is the switched potential free contact for the green Lamp Pin 10 is the switched potential free contact for the Horn KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 29

30 1 x LAN connection -831X3 Is used to connect the control laptop to the KIT-FC-cabinet 1 x LWL-LAN connection (optical) -831X1 Can be used to connect the control laptop to the KIT-FC-cabinet (You will need an optical cable and a converter for the laptop) 30 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

31 2 x Customer input/output connections (automatic impulse switch off) -814X1, -815X1 24 VDC DI Customer spare 1 DI Customer spare 2 DI Customer spare 3 DI Customer spare 4 Customer dry contacts, Imax 6A Vmax 24 DC DO Customer spare 1 DO Customer spare 2 DO Customer spare 3 DO Customer spare AI Customer spare 1 Ai Customer 1 AI 1 GND AI Customer spare 2 Ai Customer 2 AI 2 GND PE '-814X1 coding pin HAN 24B hood Harting PE 24 VDC DI Customer spare 5 DI Customer spare 6 DI Customer spare 7 DI Customer spare 8 Customer dry contacts, Imax 6A Vmax 24 DC DO Customer spare 5 DO Customer spare 6 DO Customer spare 7 DO Customer spare AI Customer spare 3 Ai Customer 3 AI 3 GND AI Customer spare 4 Ai Customer 4 AI 4 GND PE '-815X1 coding pin HAN 24B hood Harting PE Fig. 22: Schematic There are 8 digital Inputs, 8 potential free contacts and 4 analogue Inputs for customer use in the two customer plugs -814X1 and 815X1 Example digital Input: '-814X1 24 VDC 1 DI Customer spare Fig. 23: Schematic Always use 24 VDC from the cabinet, when using the digital inputs. Use potential free, dry contacts for switching the digital Input. KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 31

32 Example analogue input: '-814X1 AI Customer spare 3 AI 3 GND Device VDC Fig. 24: Schematic Maximum input Voltage for external Devices, for example a measuring Signal, is VDC Example digital output: DO Customer spare 1 '-814X Load Voltage Source 24V external Fig. 25: Schematic Maximum rating of the dry contacts 24 V AC or DC and 6 A 32 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

33 Second components KIT PZT : single phase AC voltage test transformer Fig. 1: KIT PZT Fig. 2: KIT PZT schematic Test transformer which can be used for AC-voltage generation and as high voltage supply for DC- and impulse voltage configuration. The output power can be extended by cascading the transformers. Rated voltage: Rated power: 2 x 220 V; 440 V / 100 kv / 220 V 9 kva, continuous 1 day on, one day off 10 kva, 1 h ON, 1 h OFF, 4 x per days KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 33

34 KDL: Compensating reactor Compensating reactor Top electrode Fig. 3: Compensating reactor, AC two stage configuration Compensating reactor type KDL is used between transformers (KIT PZT ) in cascade circuits to reduce input power and provide uniform voltage distribution across cascade winding. Compensating reactors are recommended for AC configurations of more than 1 stage. Top EL: Top electrode Fig. 4: Top electrode For AC two and three stages a top electrode on the test transformer is recommended to avoid corona effects. 34 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

35 Third Components HSEV 200: High voltage connection 200 kv Fig. 5: HSEV 200/300 HSEV: Connection with suitable contacts to connect AC source (transformer cascade) configuration to the test object or divider. GS: HV diode Fig. 6: Diode Diode which can be used for the impulse and DC voltage configuration. The diode consists of a protecting resistor and a high voltage diode. Protective resistor: 100 kω (oil-filled) KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 35

36 Inverse peak voltage: Rated current: 140 kv 20 ma CZ/CB: Load capacitor Fig. 7: CB Capacitors, which can be used as HV unit for the impulse divider and as load capacitance. Capacitance: 500pF (CZ)/ 1200 pf (CB) (oil-filled) Max. DC and IMP voltage: 140 kv CS: Smoothing and energy storage capacitor Fig. 8: CS Capacitors, which can be used as energy storage capacitor for generation of impulse voltages or as smoothing capacitor for DC generation. 36 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

37 Capacitance: Max. DC and IMP voltage: 25 nf (oil-filled) 140 kv CM: Measuring capacitor Fig. 9: CM Capacitor, which can be used as HV unit for the AC voltage divider. Capacitance: 100 pf (oil-filled) Max. AC voltage: 100 kv RL: Charging resistor Fig. 10: RL (here 10 MΩ version) KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 37

38 Resistor, which can be used as charging resistor for multistage impulse configurations, as current limiting resistor in DC configurations and as damping resistor in connection with the grounding switch. Resistance: Max. DC and IMP voltage: R: Resistor 2.5 MΩ or 10 MΩ (oil-filled) 140 kv Fig. 11: R Resistor, which can be used for impulse voltage configurations, determining the rise time. Low inductance resistors are used for wave tail resistor. High inductance resistors are used for wave front resistors. The 2.4 kω resistor is also used for discharching purpose. Resistance: different values (low inductance: 95 Ω, 140 Ω, 220 Ω, 355 Ω; high inductance: 2.4 kω, 55 kω, 110 kω) Max. DC and IMP voltage: 140 kv 38 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

39 RM: Measuring resistor Fig. 12: RM Resistor, which can be used as HV unit for the DC voltage divider. Resistance: 280 MΩ (oil-filled) Rated current (continuous): 0.5 ma Max. DC voltage: 140 kv ES: grounding switch Fig. 13: ES Remote controlled switch, which can be used to ground the high voltage construction KIT. Max. DC and IMP voltage: 140 kv Max AC voltage 100 kv KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 39

40 Control voltage: 24 V EST: Discharge and Ground rod Fig. 20: EST Ground rod, for manual discharge of HV KIT components. Length: approx. 2.5 m 40 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

41 EB: Copper Braiding (Grounding) Copper braiding, which can be used to make ground connections between the individual high voltage apparatus. Standard length: EL: Electrode 10 m Fig. 22: EL Electrode, used together with grounding switch ES and to reduce corona discharges on high voltage parts of the different configurations. Diameter: 300 mm KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 41

42 IS: Insulating support Fig. 23: IS Support insulator, which can be used as insulating component. Max. AC voltage: 100 kv Max. DC and IMP voltage: 140 kv KF: Sphere gap Fig. 24: KF Sphere gap, for impulse voltage generation. Max. IMP voltage: 140 kv Sphere diameter: 100 mm Max. gap setting: 80 mm 42 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

43 AKF: Drive for sphere gap Fig. 26: AKF Remote controlled drive for sphere gap KF. Drive shaft ASA (short) for 1st stage and ASB (long) for 2nd and 3rd stage needed. The AKF is clamped onto a spacer bar D. Power supplier: Frequency: 230 V AC 50/60 Hz Data cable: optical RS232 V: Connecting rod Fig. 27: Connector V Conductive connection element (aluminium rod). KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 43

44 K: Connecting cup Fig. 28: Connecting cup K Conductive connection element, four components can be connected horizontally and two components vertically. F: Floor pedestal Fig. 29: Floor pedestal F Conductive element, for mounting up to four spacer bars horizontally and supporting one component vertically. 44 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

45 D: Spacer bar Fig. 30: Spacer bar D Spacer bar, which can be used for mechanical and electrical connection at ground level inserted into a floor pedestal F. KIT SEK: Secondary part Fig. 31: KIT SEK Secondary unit for AC, DC, impulse and DC ripple divider. Connected between the HFsocket of the measuring capacitor/ resistor and the DMI551 or Picoscope by means of a coaxial cable (BNC). Below an overview of the different secondary units. KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 45

46 Oscilloscope DMI 551 KIT FU 25 BNC inputs AC measurement (used with KIT CM 100 pf) Rated capacitance Numbers of capacitors 2 µf 70 nf See oscilloscope secondary unit 20 7 Rated frequency Hz Hz (only up to 200 Hz possible) Divider ratio Maximum output voltage at 100 kv (RMS) with KIT CM 100 pf 5.0 V (RMS) V (RMS) DC measurement (used with KIT RM 280 MΩ) Rated resistance 14 kω See oscilloscope secondary unit Numbers of resistors 4 Divider ratio See oscilloscope secondary unit Maximum output voltage at 140 kv DC with KIT RM 280 MΩ 7.0 V (Peak) DC ripple measurement (used with KIT RM 280 MΩ and KIT CB 1200 pf) Rated resistance/ rated capacitance Numbers of resistors/ capacitors Divider ratio kω/ 24 µf See oscilloscope secondary unit 4/ 16 See oscilloscope secondary unit Impulse Maximum output voltage at 140 kv DC with KIT RM 280 MΩ and KIT CB 1200 pf Rated capacitance 7.0 V (Peak) 10.2 µf 418 nf Impulse measurement not 46 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

47 measurement (used with KIT CB 1200 pf) Numbers of capacitors Rated frequency possible (for impulse referring to IEC) Only impulse peak measurement Divider ratio Maximum output voltage at 140 kv (Peak) with KIT CM 1200 pf Internal matching impedance for BNC cable V (Peak) V (Peak) 50 Ω - All values are related to 20 C KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 47

48 EZK: Electronic trigger sphere (new Type) Fig. 35: EZK Trigger sphere, which is used to generate triggered impulses in impulse voltage configurations together with sphere gap supplied with fiber-optic cable. Diameter: Standard length of cable: 100 mm 10 m DKU: Vessel for vacuum and pressure Fig. 37: DKU 4.0 Vessel, which can be used to determine flashover voltage of electrode arrangements as a function of vacuum and over pressure. Used for: Pressure, vacuum tests 48 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

49 Rated AC voltage: Rated DC voltage: Max rated pressure: Operating temperature range: Cylinder volume (empty): Maximum duration current: 100 kv (RMS) 140 kv (Peak) 5 bar rel. (pressure relief valve triggering at bar rel.) 10 C 30 C 7.8 L ( gal lqd) 100 ma For more information about the DKU please note the corresponding manual and the data sheet. KIT DKU SET 1: Additional set of electrodes Fig. 38: KIT DKU SET 1 Additional electrodes for use with the DKU. Sphere electrodes: 20 mm, 50 mm Needle electrodes Flat electrodes KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 49

50 KR: Corona cage Fig. 39: Corona cage KR Corona cage, which can be used to determine glow intensity as a function of wire diameter. The corona cage is inserted into the vacuum and overpressure vessel (DKU). Measurements can be made at vacuum and over pressure. Max. AC voltage: Max. DC voltage: OP: Oil testing cup 100 kv 140 kv Fig. 40: OP Oil testing cup, which can be used to measure flashover voltage of insulating oil. Fitted into the vacuum and pressure vessel (DKU). Electrodes have spherical electrodes acc. to VDE 370, par General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

51 Gap setting: 2.5 mm MF 100: Measuring sphere gap Fig. 41: MF100 Sphere gap to measure flashover voltage. Max. AC voltage: 100 kv Max. DC and IMP voltage: 140 kv Sphere electrodes: 100 mm With motor-drive 230V, 50/60Hz Data cable: optical RS232 KIT MF SET 1 Additional electrodes available for the MF 100. Sphere electrodes: 20 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm Needle electrodes Flat electrodes KIT High Voltage Construction General Information 51

52 Control and Measurement The high voltage KIT is supplied with two separate instruments: The KIT control software and the AC, DC and impulse measurement system Picoscope or DMI. Control unit: The KIT FC is a software controlled unit. The basis of the software is LabVIEW. For more information about the software please note the KIT control software manual. Measuring instrument DMI551 The DMI 551 is equipped with three independent measuring channels (AC, DC, IMP) For more information about please note the corresponding manual. Measuring instrument Picoscope 3405d /4224 Instead of using the DMI a Picoscope can be used as well. The Picoscope is also supported by LabVIEW. For more information please note the corresponding manual. Measuring with the KIT-FC-cabinet Also Measuring (AC, DC) with the KIT-FC-cabinet is possible. See chapter Components, KIT-FC-cabinet. 52 General Information KIT High Voltage Construction

53 Technical description For each setup (AC, DC or Impulse) configurations (one, two and three stages), which allows different maximum output voltages are possible. AC-configuration High alternating voltage AC are required for experiments and AC tests as well as a supply for most of the circuits to generate high direct (DC) or impulse voltage. Test transformers generally used for this purpose have considerably lower power rating and frequently much larger transformation ratios than power transformers. The primary winding is usually supplied by regulating transformers fed from the main supply. Most tests and experiments with high AC voltage require precise knowledge of the value of the voltage. This demand can normally only be fulfilled by measurement of the voltage on the high voltage side. The circuit for the AC-configuration 1stage consists of a high voltage transformer with a maximum output voltage of 100 kv and a capacitive voltage divider (maximum AC voltage: 100 kv) for the measurement of the voltage on the high voltage side. For the 2 stages configuration two transformers are put together in a cascade configuration to reach a maximum output voltage of 2 x 100 kv. For this reason each transformer is equipped with a tertiary winding. The tertiary winding is used for coupling two transformer modules. For this the tertiary winding of one module is connected to the primary winding of the succeeding module. Also two measuring capacitors are connected in series for the measuring of an AC voltage of 200 kv. For the 3 stages configuration three transformers are put together in a cascade configuration to reach a maximum output voltage of 3x 100 kv and three measuring capacitors are connected in series for the measuring of an AC voltage of 300 kv. For configurations with more than one stage, compensating reactors type KDL is recommended to extend the load range of the cascade configuration. KIT High Voltage Construction Technical description 53

54 DC-configuration The DC test voltage is defined as the arithmetic mean value U DC 1 T T 0 u( t) dt (1) Ripple is the periodic deviation from the arithmetic mean value of the voltage. The amplitude U of the ripple is defined as half the difference between the maximum and minimum value: 1 U U Max U Min (2) 2 The ripple factor is the ratio of the ripple amplitude U to the arithmetic mean value U DC. *) DC 1 stage This configuration is realized with a half-wave rectifier circuit (see figure 43). GS U 2 CS R U Fig. 44: Half-wave rectifier The smoothing capacitor CS is charged via the diode GS to the direct voltage U U 2 U 2 rms (3) The inverse voltage of the diode must be Uinv 2 2 U 2 rms (4) Under no load conditions (i.e. no test object and no ohmic divider for the voltage measurement) an ideal DC-voltage without ripple will be generated. 54 Technical description KIT High Voltage Construction

55 Under load conditions (divider is part of the load) the ripple of the DC-voltage will increase. During the blocking period t of the diode GS the smoothing capacitor is discharged via the load R. Only during the short period the capacitor CS will be recharged from the transformer. During the period the diode is conductive and a short forward current pulse I D flows (see figure 45). Fig. 45: Voltage characteristics The lower the value R (i.e. the higher the required DC-current) the higher will be the ripple of the DC-voltage, because the capacitor will be more discharged by the load. Also the achievable DC-voltage will be decreasing with higher load current. KIT High Voltage Construction Technical description 55

56 DC 2 stages This configuration is realized with a multiplier circuit (called Greinacher doubler-circuit ) so that the same transformer as for the single stage configuration could be used. The electrical diagram shows figure 46 the voltage characteristic is shown in figure 47. A GS CS 2 CS GS CS R U A0 1 U 10 0 Fig. 46: Greinacher doubler-circuit Fig. 47: Voltage characteristics 56 Technical description KIT High Voltage Construction

57 The left blocking capacitor CS is charged to the peak value of the transformer voltage U 10 and thus increases the potential of the terminal 2 with respect to the transformer voltage by this amount (voltage U 20 in figure 47). Via another diode CS the smoothing capacitors will be charged. Under no load condition ((i.e. no test object and no ohmic divider for the voltage measurement) a DC-voltage with U DC 2 2 U10, rms (5) will be generated. The inverse voltage of the diode must be U inv 2 2 U10, rms (6) The ripple will be increased and the achievable output voltage will be decreased with increasing load. KIT High Voltage Construction Technical description 57

58 DC 3 stages This configuration is realized with the Greinacher cascade circuit with three stages (see figure 48). This is an extension of the Greinacher doubler circuit. GS CS CS GS CS R U CS GS CS U 2 Fig. 48: Greinacher cascade circuit with three stages Under no load condition ((i.e. no test object and no ohmic divider for the voltage measurement) a DC-voltage with U n2 2 U 2 rms (7) will be generated, where n is the quantity of stages. The inverse voltage of the diode must be Uinv 2 2 U 2 rms (8) 58 Technical description KIT High Voltage Construction

59 Impulse configuration General Impulse voltages are required in high voltage tests to simulate the stresses due to external and internal overvoltage, and also for fundamental investigations of the breakdown mechanism. They are usually generated by discharging high voltage capacitors through switching onto a network of resistors and capacitors, whereby multiplier circuits are often used. In high voltage technology a single, unipolar voltage pulse is termed an impulse voltage. For testing purposes, double exponential impulse voltages have been standardized; without appreciable oscillation these rapidly reach a maximum, the peak value U Peak, and finally drop less abruptly to zero. If an intentional or unintentional breakdown occurs in the high voltage circuit during the impulse, leading to a sudden collapse of the voltage, this is then called a chopped impulse voltage. The chopping can occur on the front, at the peak or in the tail section of the impulse. For overvoltage following lightning strokes, the time required to reach the peak value is in the order of 1 s; they are named atmospheric or external overvoltage. Voltages generated in a laboratory to simulate these are called lightning impulse voltages (LI). For internal overvoltage, occurring as a consequence of switching operations in high voltage networks, the time taken to reach the peak value is at least about 100s. Their reproduction in the laboratory is effected by switching impulse voltages (SI); these are of approximately the same shape as lightning impulse voltages, but last considerably longer. In case of impulse voltages for testing purposes, the shape of the voltage is determined by certain time parameters for the front and tail, as shown in figure 49 and 50. Fig. 49. Lightning impulse curve In the international standard IEC the front time T 1 or a lightning impulse is a virtual parameter defined as the 1.67 times the interval T between the instants when the impulse is 30 % and 90 % of the peak value (point A and B in figure 49). The virtual origin O 1 of a lightning impulse is the instant preceding that corresponding to point A by a time 0.3T 1. For records with linear time scales, this is the intersection with the time axis of a straight line drawn through the reference points A and B on the front. KIT High Voltage Construction Technical description 59

60 The time to half-value T 2 (or tail time) of a lightning impulse is a virtual parameter defined as the time interval between the virtual origin O 1 and the instant when the voltage has decreased to half the peak value. The curves of lightning impulses often have high-frequency oscillations superimposed, due to the parasitic inductances of the impulse circuit; the amplitude should not exceed 5 % of the test voltage. Standard lightning impulse: Front time T 1 : 1.2s (tolerance: 30 %) Time to half-value T 2 : 50s (tolerance: 20 %) 0.5 Fig. 50. Switching impulse curve In the international standard IEC the time to peak T p of a switching impulse is the time interval between the actual origin and the instant when the voltage has reached its peak value. The time to half-value T 2 for a switching impulse is the time interval between the actual and the instant when the voltage has first decreased to half the peak value. The time above 90% T 1 is the time interval during which the impulse voltage exceeds 90 % of its peak value. Standard switching impulse: Time to peak T p : 250 s (tolerance: 20 %) Time to half-value T 2 : 2500 s (tolerance: 60 %) 60 Technical description KIT High Voltage Construction

61 Impulse 1 stage Figure 51 shows the basic circuit for generating impulse voltages. GS KF RD U 0 CS RE CB u(t) Fig. 51: Circuit for generating impulse voltages The impulse capacitor CS is charged via a diode GS to the direct voltage U 0 and then discharged by ignition of the switching gap KF. The desired impulse voltage u(t) appears across the load capacitor CB. The value of the circuit elements determines the curve shape of the impulse voltage. The impulse voltage is given by the difference of two exponentially decaying functions with time constants 1 and 2. With the usually satisfied approximation RECS >> RDCB (9) the following simple expressions are obtained: C C S B 1 RD (10) CS CB E S B R C C (11) 2 There are existing a correlation between 1 and 2 and the front and tail time of lightning and switching impulses defined in the international standards: T p (12) 1 T K1 1 T (13) 2 K2 2 KIT High Voltage Construction Technical description 61

62 The values of K 1 and K 2 are:.2/50s /2500s The efficiency factor is the ratio between the peak value U Peak of the impulse voltage and the charging voltage U 0 of the impulse capacitor (=U Peak /U 0 ). could be approximately calculated with the following formula: C C C S (14) S B Impulse 2 and 3 stages For given DC charging voltage, to obtain impulse voltage with as high a peak value as possible, the multiplier circuit proposed by E. Marx is commonly used. Several identical impulse capacitors are charged in parallel and then discharged in series, obtaining in this way a multiplied total charging voltage, corresponding to the number of stages. The following two figures shows the multiplier circuit for the 2 and 3 stages impulse configuration. 62 Technical description KIT High Voltage Construction

63 R'D KF R'E C'S R'D CB u(t) GS R'L U' 0 KF C'S R'E Fig. 52: Multiplier circuit for Impulse 2 stages KIT High Voltage Construction Technical description 63

64 R'D KF R'E C'S R'D R'L KF R'E CB u(t) C'S R'D R'L GS KF R'E U' 0 C'S Fig. 53: Multiplier circuit for Impulse 3 stages The impulse capacitors of the stages C S are charged to the stage voltage U 0 via the high charging resistor R L in parallel. When all switching gaps SF break down, C S will be connected in series, so that CB is charged via the series connection of all damping resistors R D; finally C S and CB will discharge again via the resistors R E and R D. It is expedient to choose R L >> R E. The n-stage circuit can be reduced to a single stage equivalent circuit, such as in chapter Impulse 1 stage, where the following relationships are valid: U 0 =nu 0 (15) RD=nR D (16) CS=1/nC S (17) RE=nR E (18) 64 Technical description KIT High Voltage Construction

65 Packing material, Transportation, Storage, Unpacking The rules, instructions and tips concerning this are component specific. Please read the corresponding chapters in the manuals of the respective used components. KIT High Voltage Construction Technical description 65

66 Peak Value of Voltage [kv] Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation Installation area The floor of the test location must be prepared in a way that there is no sag under the load of the heaviest component. There must be sufficient clearances from high voltage parts of the system to components connected to earth. Recommended Clearance for High Voltage Equipment for AC, DC, SI Clearance [m] Diagram 1: Clearances for AC, DC and SI The empirical formula 3 kv/cm could be used for determining the recommended clearance. With sharp edges or rough surfaces the clearance could be much higher. For Practical discharge measurement the mandatory distance has to be also higher. 66 Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation KIT High Voltage Construction

67 Test room A suitable room is required to accommodate the high voltage construction KIT. Depending on the KIT configuration a floor surface of 5 m x 6 m is recommended and a favorable height is 2.5 m to 4.5 m. Since voltages in excess of 1000 V are to be generated, it is necessary that the respective safety regulations are carefully followed. The most important criteria of a good test room are the screening and grounding. Safety equipment The test area should be enclosed by a metal grid fence of at least 2.2 m height with a maximum grid spacing of 40 mm. All doors leading to the test room must be equipped with door contacts, which close when the door is closed. All contacts should be connected in series to the interlock system. This safety system will automatically turn off the high voltage if a door is opened while the test system is switched on. Red and green warning lights should be installed at all doors leading to the test room. Screening The test transformer of the high voltage construction KIT can be used for partial discharge measurements. In order to ensure that the partial discharge measurement is not disturbed by external interference, it is necessary that the test room is screened like a Faraday cage. Walls, ceiling and the floor of the test area have to be covered with a metallic surface. This surface can either be a copper mesh having a spacing of less than 10 mm or a 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm copper. The edges of each individual strip must be carefully joined to the next one so that the conductivity between the sheets is as high as possible. Using a wire mesh, the wires should be bound and soldered. Copper foils can be joined by folding the edges or by soldering. Welding or soldering points are preferable to screw or clamp connections. A steel sheet floor with non-slip surface (waffle sheeting) is recommended. All cables leading into the shielded room should enter the Faraday cage at a central position. Ask your Haefely Hipotronics Sales Person for assistance on how to erect shielded enclosures and for power line filters. Grounding A good test field has a separated grounding. This ensures that no disturbances from surrounding machines enter the test field and - in case of a failure - the earth potential of the surrounding does not rise, causing damage to electrical equipment. It is necessary for the test field to have a lower grounding resistance than the surrounding building. The following measures are required: Use a deep ground rod, radial ground wires below the ground surface, a lightning conductor or water mains outside the building for grounding. If possible, the whole test room should be screened. Attention should be paid to ensure a good lasting electrical connection between all parts of the screening. The screening surfaces should be made with wide metal strips (at least 60mm in width), since strips of this width are of lower inductivity than round wires having the same cross-sectional area. Connections have to be made without forming loops. The ground connection of the high voltage generator, measuring system and test object should be arranged like a star, where the central point is grounded. KIT High Voltage Construction Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation 67

68 To avoid ground loops between different grounding points, the KIT is grounded at only one position through a grounding rod. The rod should have a ground resistance of less than 2 Ω. If the resistivity of the soil near the factory is not known, we recommend the following procedure: A rod with a diameter of about 20 mm is driven into the soil to a depth of approx. 30 m. The first 3 m of this rod below the soil level have to be insulated in order to avoid picking up surface currents. Then the ground resistance is measured. If the resistance is higher than 2 Ω, a second rod must be driven into the soil approx. 10 m from the first, following the same procedure. The two ground rods are then connected in parallel with a copper foil of 150 mm x 0.3 mm cross section for example. This procedure is repeated until the ground resistance of < 2 Ω is achieved. The length of the grounding rod is not important but the ground resistance must be < 2 Ω for personnel protection. A local construction company can give you some more details about the depth of the rod. The grounding rod(s) shall be placed close to the test area. The enclosure s ground stud will be connected to the ground rod with a strong copper band for example 0.3 mm x 100 mm. 68 Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation KIT High Voltage Construction

69 Figure 54 shows the grounding resistance as a function of length of rod and soil resistivity Fig. 54: Grounding resistance as a function of length of rod and soil resistivity In figure 54 means: RA: Ground resistance [] E : Soil resistivity [m] l: Depth of grounding rod [m] d: Diameter of grounding rod [m] KIT High Voltage Construction Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation 69

70 Assembling Before the construction is set in operation can it is absolutely necessary to study the chapter Safety detailed. Terminals Only trained people are allowed to do erection work. The terminal data are component specific. Please read the corresponding chapters in the respective component manuals. The following chapters give basic information s about the terminals of the regulating transformer and transformer cascade. 70 Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation KIT High Voltage Construction

71 PZT Transformer cascade 2 stages transformer cascade Figure 58a shows a schematic diagram with the connections for a 2 stages transformer cascade without compensating reactors. Figure 58b shows the schematic diagram for a 2 stages cascade with compensating reactors. Fig. 58a: Schematic diagram for cascade connection of two test transformers KIT High Voltage Construction Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation 71

72 Fig. 58b: Schematic 2 stages with compensating reactors S0 is the beginning of the secondary winding, S is the high voltage end of the secondary winding and T is the end of the tertiary winding. The low voltage winding of the transformer consists of two winding groups (1Px-1Pu, resp. 2Px-2Pu) which could be connected either in series or in parallel. For cascade operation of the transformer with the KIT FU the two winding groups should be connected in series! 72 Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation KIT High Voltage Construction

73 Module 1 has to be connected to earth. The primary windings of the test transformers should be connected in series with the Banana plugs (see figure 59a), i.e. 2Px has to be connected with 1Pu. Fig. 59 a: Series connection of primary windings 1Px 2Px 1Pu 2Pu Fig. 59 b: Parallel connection of primary windings Terminal S0 of module 1 has to be connected with terminal E of module 1 (these two terminals are realized as Banana plug sockets) (see figure 60). The input power cables has to be connected to the terminals 1Px and 2Pu of module 1 (these two terminals are realized as bushings) (see figure 60). KIT High Voltage Construction Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation 73

74 E S0 2Pu 1Px Fig. 60: Input terminals module Connections without compensating reactors: Terminal T of module 1 has to be connected with terminal 2Pu of module 2 (these two terminals are realized as bushings) (see figure 61a). Terminal S of module 1 has to be connected with terminal 1Px of module 2 (these two terminals are realized as bushings) (see figure 61a). Terminal S of module 1 has to be connected with terminal S0 of module 2 (these two terminals are realized as Banana plug sockets) (see figure 61a). Terminal S0 of module 2 has to be connected with terminal E of module 2 (these two terminals are realized as Banana plug sockets) (see figure 61a). 74 Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation KIT High Voltage Construction

75 Module 2 E S0 2Pu 1Px S T S Module 1 Fig. 61a: Connections between the two modules KIT High Voltage Construction Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation 75

76 Connections with compensating reactors: Terminal T of module 1 has to be connected with terminal Ru of the compensating reactor 1. Terminal 2Pu of module 2 has also to be connected to terminal Ru (see figure 61b). Terminal S (bushing) of module 1 has to be connected with terminal Rx of the compensating reactor 1. Terminal 1Px of module 2 has also to be connected to terminal Rx (see figure 61b). Terminal S (Multi-contact socket) of module 1 has to be connected with terminal S0 of module 2. The connection has to be done over a blind terminal at the compensation reactor 1 (see figure 61b). Terminal S0 of module 2 has to be connected with terminal E of module 2 (Mutlicontact sockets) (see figure 61b). Terminal T of module 2 has to be connected to terminal Ru of the compensation reactor 2 (see figure 61c). Terminal S of module 2 has to be connected to terminal Rx of the compensating reactor 2 (see figure 61c). E S0 2Pu 1Px Module 2 Compensating reactor 1 Ru Rx Module 1 S T S Fig. 61b: Connections between the two modules and the compensating reactor 76 Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation KIT High Voltage Construction

77 Top Electrode Ru Rx T S Fig. 61c: Connections between the last module and compensating reactor The required power range for each compensation reactor has to be selected by a wire bridge. Following positions are available: 10 kvar 5 kvar 0 kvar (disconnected) KIT High Voltage Construction Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation 77

78 3 stages transformer cascade Figure 62a shows a schematic diagram with the connections for a 3 stages transformer cascade without compensating reactors. Figure 60b shows the schematic diagram for a 3 stages cascade with compensating reactors. Fig. 62a: Schematic diagram for cascade connection of three test transformers 78 Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation KIT High Voltage Construction

79 Fig. 62a: Schematic 3 stages with compensation reactor Module 1 has to be connected to earth. Terminal S0 of module 1 has to be connected with terminal E of module 1 (these two terminals are realized as Mutli-contact sockets) (see figure 61). The primary windings of all test transformers has to be connected in parallel with the Multi-contact plugs (see figure 59), i.e. 1Px has to be connected with 2Px, and 1Pu has to be connected with 2Pu. Connections without compensating reactors: Terminal T of module 1 has to be connected with terminal 2Pu of module 2 (these two terminals are realized as bushings) (see figure 61a). Terminal S of module 1 has to be connected with terminal 1Px of module 2 (these two terminals are realized as bushings) (see figure 61a). Terminal S of module 1 has to be connected with terminal S0 of module 2 (these two terminals are realized as Mutli-contact sockets) (see figure 61a). Terminal S0 of module 2 has to be connected with terminal E of module 2 (these two terminal are realized as Mutli-contact sockets) (see figure 61a). Terminal T of module 2 has to be connected with terminal 2Pu of module 3 (these two terminals are realized as bushings) (see figure 61a). Terminal S of module 2 has to be connected with terminal 1Px of module 3 (these two terminals are realized as bushings) (see figure 61a). Terminal S of module 2 has to be connected with terminal S0 of module 3 (these two terminals are realized as Mutli-contact sockets) (see figure 61a). KIT High Voltage Construction Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation 79

80 Terminal S0 of module 3 has to be connected with terminal E of module 3 (these two terminals are realized as Mutli-contact sockets) (see figure 61a). Connections with compensating reactors: Terminal T of module 1 has to be connected with terminal Ru of the compensating reactor 1. Terminal 2Pu of module 2 has also to be connected to terminal Ru (see figure 61b). Terminal S (bushing) of module 1 has to be connected with terminal Rx of the compensating reactor 1. Terminal 1Px of module 2 has also to be connected to terminal Rx (see figure 61b). Terminal S (Multi-contact socket) of module 1 has to be connected with terminal S0 of module 2. The connection has to be done over a blind terminal at the compensation reactor 1 (see figure 61b). Terminal S0 of module 2 has to be connected with terminal E of module 2 (Mutlicontact sockets) (see figure 61b). Terminal T of module 2 has to be connected with terminal Ru of the compensating reactor 2. Terminal 2Pu of module 3 has also to be connected to this terminal Ru (see figure 61b). Terminal S (bushing) of module 2 has to be connected with terminal Rx of the compensating reactor 2. Terminal 1Px of module 3 has also to be connected to this terminal Rx (see figure 61b). Terminal S (Multi-contact socket) of module 2 has to be connected with terminal S0 of module 3. The connection has to be done over a blind terminal at the compensation reactor 2 (see figure 61b). Terminal S0 of module 3 has to be connected with terminal E of module 3 (Mutlicontact sockets) (see figure 61b). Terminal T of module 3 has to be connected to terminal Ru of the compensation reactor 3 (see figure 61c). Terminal S of module 3 has to be connected to terminal Rx of the compensating reactor 3 (see figure 61c). 80 Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation KIT High Voltage Construction

81 Preparation for first putting into operation Before the system can be put into operation it is absolutely necessary to study the chapter Safety in detail. A specialist of Haefely Hipotronics should generally make the first commissioning. It is basically recommended to first operate the low voltage components of the system without connection to the high voltage components to make sure of their faultless function. Condition Condition for this is that all components of the system are assembled, connected and operative according to the manual. Procedure Cut the system OFF the electric mains. Disconnect the cable connection between the regulating transformer and the test transformer. Connect a voltmeter to the output of the regulating transformer instead of the cable connection. For the selection of the voltage meter it is necessary to pay attention to the max. output voltage of the regulating transformer. Connect the system with the electric mains. Switch on KIT control software according to the manual. Unlock emergency button. Make sure, all interlock contacts are closed; modulation index is at zero position. Switch the primary breaker and the secondary contactor through the KIT control software on (according to the KIT control software manual). Increase the output voltage at the regulating transformer by the KIT control software continuously and check the correspondence of the voltage meter and the voltage indication on the control unit. Decrease the output voltage at the regulating transformer continuously to zero by the control unit. Switch the primary breaker and the secondary contactor through the KIT control software off (according to the KIT control software manual) Can the steps be done without differences out of the tolerance between voltage meter and the voltage indication on the KIT control software a faultless operation of the low voltage components can be assumed. Disconnect the system from the electric mains Reinstall the cable connection between regulating transformer and test transformer KIT High Voltage Construction Assembling, Installation, First putting into operation 81

82 Operating Instructions Introduction Basically, the KIT control software does the operation of the system. Detailed information of the following instructions is primary to be taken from the manual of the KIT control software. Construction of the different KITconfigurations The following pictures show how the KIT-components have to be assembled to realize the different configurations for AC, DC and Impulse according the chapter Technical description. 82 Operating Instructions KIT High Voltage Construction

83 AC-configuration 1 stage Fig. 63: Construction AC configuration 1 stage KIT High Voltage Construction Operating Instructions 83

84 2 stages Fig. 64: Construction AC configuration 2 stages 84 Operating Instructions KIT High Voltage Construction

85 3 stages Fig. 65: Construction AC configuration 3 stages KIT High Voltage Construction Operating Instructions 85

86 DC-configuration 1 stage Fig 66: Construction DC configuration 1 stage 86 Operating Instructions KIT High Voltage Construction

87 2 stages Fig. 67: Construction DC configuration 2 stages KIT High Voltage Construction Operating Instructions 87

88 3 stages Fig. 68: Construction DC configuration 3 stages 88 Operating Instructions KIT High Voltage Construction

89 Impulse configuration 1 stage Fig. 69: Construction Impulse configuration 1 stage KIT High Voltage Construction Operating Instructions 89

90 2 stages Fig. 70: Construction Impulse configuration 2 stages 90 Operating Instructions KIT High Voltage Construction

91 3 stages Fig. 71: Construction Impulse configuration 3 stages KIT High Voltage Construction Operating Instructions 91