Aggravation with voltage?

Transcription

1 Voltage Regulator Aggravation with voltage? At photovoltaic plants, long lines or increasing energy consumption?...then the voltage regulator can help Quick regulation from ms Regulation of each single phase 34 till 300 kva Higher capacities on request F:/Prospekte/Netzregler/englisch/2011

2 The Voltage Regulator measures and regulates the three phases individually, quickly and independent of one another. When idle or with an unloaded Voltage Regulator, the transformer stages that are not needed are bypassed. If the output voltage of the Voltage Regulator sinks below 225 volts due to load in the power supply lines, the required number of transformer stages in the affected phase are calculated and activated via the switch protectors. The bypass of the transformer stages to be switched is cancelled and the 230 volt winding is switched to the regulated line voltage. With excessive input voltage, which can occur due to starpoint shifts especially under load, the Voltage Regulator can regulate the voltage upwards by polarizing the windings, whereby a symmetrical output voltage between 235 and 225 V / phase is always guaranteed. Input Output L 8V 8V 8V 8V 8V 8V 230V 230V 230V 230V 230V 230V 230 5V N This diagram depicts four common copper cross sections. The intersection with the km line provides the greatest possible performance for a range of +- 36V / phase, with which a complete regulation of the line voltage still occurs. kw Three-phase four-wire system 400/231V mm² 50mm² Example: for voltage regulator +- 36V/ Phase Copper cross section q = 25mm² mm² 25mm² Line length Intersection produces l = 1 km P = 31kW 10 Please request our materials, we will gladly assist you. 0,3 0,5 1 1,5 2 3 km

3 20kV Adjustment of a spur line via a 69 kva line voltage regulator 0,4kV 30A 150A 20A line voltage regulator 100A Imax 100A 240m NAYY 4*120mm² 180m NAYY 4*120mm² 1230m NAYY 4*185mm² 240V 230V line voltage regulator control range +- 5 V 220V 210V voltage characteristics without line voltage regulator 200V 190V voltage characteristics with line voltage regulator 180V m Application of a line voltage regulator (blue curve). The voltage shape without line voltage regulator is shown in the red curve. Due to the voltage increase after the line voltage regulator, the current before the line voltage regulator has to be higher, according to the power balance chart before and after the line voltage regulator (P = constant = U*I), which results in a slight additional voltage drop in the line.

4 3 phase measurement before the voltage regulator: measurement in 5 min. average values Regulated voltage after the voltage regulator: measurement in 5 min average values U average L1 [V] U average L2 [V] U average L3 [V] time

5 Recording of the min. u. max. values, 10 ms sampling Before the voltage regulator After the voltage regulator Voltage drops smaller 200 ms can not be regulated by the voltage regulator U min L1[V] U min L2 [V] U min L3 [V] U max L1[ V] U max L2 [V] U max L3 [V] time

6 20kV 20kV Voltage shape with a tail with a line voltage regulator or 950 V transformers 0,4kV 150 A 400 V 950 V 42 A 950 V 400 V Imax 100 A A 0,4kV 170 A 120 A line voltage regulator Imax 100 A B 240m NAYY 4*120mm² 1230m NAYY 4*120mm² 240V 230V 220V 210V 200V 190V voltage characteristics with 950V - transformers voltage characteristics with line voltage regulator line voltage regulator control range +- 5 V B A 180V m As can clearly be seen from the comparison of the two variations A and B, the voltage support with two 950V transformers only offers a conditional solution, as the voltage drop is only reduced by 58%. The solution via line voltage regulators, in contrast, enables a complete adjustment of the respective phase.

7 Profitability kwh kva line voltage regulator V conduction kV transformer 20kV transformer hours of use ,4 KV line length h In the above diagram the transmission losses of the conventional networks for spur lines were compared with each other. To serve as an example, a 1500m NAYY line of 150 mm² as taken as a basis for the calculations. The curves for the solution 20kV transformer take on the shape of scissor blades, as the 400V line length after the transformer considerably influences the transmission losses. Result: In general, the line voltage regulator is the most profitable transmission type for spur lines up to approx hours of use. In comparison with the occasionally used 950 V version, the crossing of the two systems only appears after a service period of approx hours which clearly is beneficial to the line voltage regulator.

8 Diagram NAYY + 36V The diagram shows the load possibilities of spur lines NAYY via the use of a line voltage regulator with a control range of 6 x 6V steps (36V/ phase). For the calculation it was assumed that at the end of the line, i.e. behind the line voltage regulator, an output voltage of 230 / 400V was adjusted as well. The calculation is based on cos-phi of about 0.9. The transmissible power can be further increased by the application of line voltage regulators with prestages and/or 8V steps, which could result in control ranges of + 48V or also + 64V / phase. See diagrams + 48V and +64V

9 Diagram NAYY + 48V The diagram shows the load possibilities of spur lines NAYY via the use of a line voltage regulator with a control range of 6 x 8 V steps (48V/ phase). For the calculation it was assumed that at the end of the line, i.e. behind the line voltage regulator, an output voltage of 230 / 400V was adjusted as well. The calculation is based on cos-phi of about 0.9. The transmissible power can be further increased by the application of line voltage regulators with pre-stages, which could result in control ranges of + 64V / phase. See diagrams +64V

10 Diagram NAYY + 64V The diagram shows the load possibilities of spur lines NAYY via the use of a line voltage regulator with a control range of 6 x 8V steps and a pre - stage of 16 V (64V/ phase). For the calculation it was assumed that at the end of the line, i.e. behind the line regulator, an output voltage of 230 / 400V was adjusted as well. The calculation is based on cos-phi of about 0.9. The transmissible power can be further increased by the application of line voltage regulators with additionel pre-stages.

11 Design and mode of operation The intention is to offset the voltage loss or the excessive voltages in the low-voltage networks (tail cabling!) through the automatic regulation. For this purpose, the line-voltage regulator is developed, which is created for installation outdoors as a result of its weatherproof design. The most common models are built for continuity currents of 50 to 200 A. The control range usually amounts to ± 36 V and/or ± 48 V in stages of 6 x 6 and/or 6 x 8 V in each phase. Greater voltage pulses up to 12 V per stage are possible. In particular cases the whole control range can be fundamentally extended again by preselector stages. Contact us about system problems, we would be happy to advise you. Design of the regulator Every three-phase current network regulator consists of three regulated transformer cascades independent of each other. A stored-program controller for rough climatic conditions computes the required number of the transformer stages to be actuated, and in the event of voltage fluctuations, switches these on or off as required, within a range of ms. All the contactors are located in a collective casing, including the three reversing starter groups, which facilitate the input voltages to be regulated upwards or downwards with the same transformers. Each of the 6 x 6 V (8 V) stage transformers possess a primary coil of 230 V and a secondary coil of 6 or 8 V, by which the secondary coil, depending on the size of the system, is rated for A (greater currents upon request). The contactors short-circuit the 230 V coils in the switched-off state. As a result, the individual transformer has no magnetisation losses at all in the no-load running. If required, the 230 V coil is connected to the voltage, by which the 6 V and/or 8 V coil is activated and this voltage is added to the incoming mains voltage (and/or subtracted from it). The excess voltages occasionally occurring with the activation of the transformers are shunted via switch arcs. Through damping resistors, which are housed in a separate box, the arc is lowered to an amperage harmless for the contactors.

12 Line- voltage regulator Details The line- voltage regulator for the foundation installation is embedded in a double deep cable junction cabinet, suitable for the mounting on a normal base. Above left is the opened master control unit with the stored-program controller and guard casing. A measuring transducer activated before the stored-program controller converts the effective values of the 3 regulated voltages into a direct voltage suitable for the storedprogram controller. Above right is the power section, comprising 6 stage transformers for each phase. Below are the NH fuse blocks for the fitting of the cable for a maximum of 95mm²... On the left the line -voltage regulator is being prepared for dispatching. It is delivered mounted on wooden planks. This enables the line -voltage regulator to be easily transported with a fork-lift truck. To assemble on-site the roof can be unscrewed, so that you can access the transport eyes. The cabinet is accessible from two sides and therefore fitted with 4 doors for the integration of altogether 2 standard profile half cylinders.

13 Design features: Offsetting of the voltage losses up to 25%, with the use of a preselector stage over 40%. Because of this, a multiplication of the cable load capacity is attained with adherence to the constant voltage. The high control rate, ca ms, for the whole control range. The start sequence with the heavy-running motors is normalised and/or once again possible. Symmetrical balancing of the phase voltages with the asymmetric load by the individual activation of each phase. Throughput rating: 34, 68, 136, 200 und 300 kva. Control rate: ms. Individual activation of each phase: Because of this the asymmetries, the neutral displacements and voltage increases, determined by the uneven loads in the three phases, are balanced. Low-loss regulation: The efficiency factor lies at 98%. In the no-load running with all quantities the losses lie below 30 VA. Weatherproof design: The line- voltage regulators for the pole installation (sheet steel) are equipped with pole straps. The polyester design is suitable only for mounting on a foundation base. Maintenance-free operation: We recommend an inspection of the line -voltage regulator in intervals of one or two years. Module principle: Easy replacement possibility of all structural components. Economic efficiency: The line -voltage regulators have been in use for over 40 years. They have become reliable components of the system construction. It has been proven that the line- voltage regulator is not only suitable for temporary application, but also often durable as a final solution because of the high total efficiency.

14 line voltage regulator type NRF line voltage regulator type NRM

15 Line- voltage regulator in short-circuit Zeroing condition In the event of short-circuits behind the line -voltage regulator (K) the inherent resistance of the unit exerts only a low influence on the level of the short-circuit current. L1 R X X R ( K ) N R X R line-voltage-regulators Picture: Equivalent network diagram Line- voltage regulator Through measurements on the various line -voltage regulators and in different systems with good approximation the intrinsic impedance of the 6-stage transformer series was measured with Z = 0,06 bis 0,08 Ohms. The ohmic resistance lies between the values R = and Ohms. The reactive impedance lies between the values X = 0.05 and 0.07 Ohms. Picture: Transformer series (switched-off) Measurement results: Depending on the momentary closed-circuit condition of the line-voltage regulator, before the occurrence of the short circuit, the impedance of the loop fluctuates between 0.08 and 1.22 Ohms. After the decrease in the transformer contactors, as a result of the breakdowns of the voltage, the final resistance of approximately 0.08 Ohm is set within 10 to 20 ms.

16 Connecting the line- voltage regulator L1 Input L1 Output N L2 Input L2 Output L3 Input N L3 Output Clamps to bridge the line- voltage regulator Bag with jumper Note: If the line- voltage regulator is put out of operation, the NH fuse blocks and meters are to be pulled. The jumpers can then be employed, with which the line- voltage regulator is galvanically decoupled from the mains network. If the power supply is not interrupted, all the automatic circuit breakers must be switched off. No more stage transformers may be switched on. Check the measurements again!! This only works, if no voltage difference can be measured between the input and output.

17 GFK Line voltage regulator cabinet with 4 swivel doors Glass fiber reinforced polyester International protection: IP44 Prepared for the accomodation of 2 safety locks with a single-profile cylinder 1260 The base is not included in the standard (it can be supplied as an option) Base Base GFK2 730 * measurement for socket-fitting Base info@walcher.com

18 Cabinet M1 for mast-fitting The cabinet is planned for fitting on wooden-pole or girder-mast. We deliver two clamps as componente parts which provide easy and fast construction on the mast. It is useful to save the clamps respectively the cabinet on the mast with corresponding screws against wringing or slipping.

19 Technical Data General Data for all voltage regulators Temperature Range: -25 C +45 C Nominal voltage 3x230/400 V Hz Regulation: 3 x one phase Regulation rate/ phase: typically 0,3 s max. 0,7 s Measuring system: root mean square (voltage) Regulation process: tap-change operation, system WALCHER Locking system: locks with a single-profile cylinder, safety lock Engineer standards: DIN EN 60204, DIN EN , DIN VDE 0100, EMV guidelines: DIN EN , DIN EN Nominal power Type power Input voltage Output voltage Power losses no- load Power losses nominal load Nominal load Weight kg Voltage regulator 34 kva WA-NRH-x34 (+-36V) 34kVA WA-NRH-x34 (+-48V) 34kVA WA-NRH-x34 (+-60V) 34kVA 5,4kVA 7,2kVA 9,0kVA V V V V ca. 20W ca. 20W ca. 20W 580W 760W 890W 98,3% 97,8% 97,4% WA-NRH-xV34 (+48-24V) WA-NRH-xV34 (-48+24V) WA-NRH-xV34 (+64-32V) WA-NRH-xV34 (-64+32V) 34kVA 34kVA 34kVA 34kVA 7,2kVA 7,2kVA 9,6kVA 9,6kVA V V V V ca. 80W ca. 80W ca.130w ca.130w 740W 740W 1010W 1010W 97,7% 97,7% 97,1% 97,1% Voltage regulator 69 kva WA-NRH-x69 (+-36V) 69kVA WA-NRH-x69 (+-48V) 69kVA WA-NRH-x69 (+-60V) 69kVA 10,8kVA 14,4kVA 18kVA V V V V ca. 20W ca. 20W ca. 20W 960W 1100W 1300W 98,6% 98,4% 98,4% WA-NRH-xV69 (+48-24V) WA-NRH-xV69 (-48+24V) WA-NRH-xV69 (+64-32V) WA-NRH-xV69 (-64+32V) 69kVA 69kVA 69kVA 69kVA 14,4kVA 14,4kVA 19,2kVA 19,2kVA V V V V ca. 140W ca. 140W ca.180w ca.180w 1300W 1300W 1460W 1460W 98,2% 98,2% 97,9% 97,9% Voltage regulator 92 kva WA-NRH-x92 WA-NRH-x92 WA-NRH-x92 (+-36V) (+-48V) (+-60V) 92kVA 92kVA 92kVA 14,4kVA 18kVA 24kVA V V V V ca. 20W ca. 20W ca. 20W 1150W 1200W 1300W 98,7% 98,6% 98,6% WA-NRH-xV92 (+48-24V) WA-NRH-xV92 (-48+24V) WA-NRH-xV92 (+64-32V) WA-NRH-xV92 (-64+32V) 92kVA 92kVA 92kVA 92kVA 19,2kVA 19,2kVA 24kVA 24kVA V V V V ca. 240W ca.240w ca.240w ca.240w 1500W 1500W 1600W 1600W 98,4% 98,4% 98,3% 98,3%

20 Technical Data General Data for all voltage regulators Temperature Range: -25 C +45 C Nominal voltage 3x230/400 V Hz Regulation: 3 x one phase Regulation rate/ phase: typically 0,3 s max. 0,7 s Measuring system: root mean square (voltage) Regulation process: tap-change operation, system WALCHER Locking system: locks with a single-profile cylinder, safety lock Engineer standards: DIN EN 60204, DIN EN , DIN VDE 0100, EMV guidelines: DIN EN , DIN EN Nominal power Type power Input voltage Output voltage Power losses no- load Power losses nominal load Nominal load Weight kg Voltage regulator 150 kva WA-NRH-F150 (+-36V) 150kVA WA-NRH-F150 (+-48V) 150kVA WA-NRH-F150 (+-60V) 150kVA 23,4kVA 31,1kVA 39,6kVA V V V V ca. 40W ca. 40W ca. 40W 1600W 2050W 2150W 98,9% 98,6% 98,5% WA-NRH-FV150 (+48-24V) 150kVA WA-NRH-FV150 (-48+24V) 150kVA WA-NRH-FV150 (+64-32V) 150kVA WA-NRH-FV150 (-64+32V) 150kVA 31,2kVA 31,2kVA 42kVA 42kVA V V V V ca. 220W ca. 220W ca.250w ca.250w 1700W 1700W 2700W 2700W 98,8% 98,8% 98,2% 98,2% Voltage regulator 207 kva WA-NRH-F207 (+-36V) 207kVA WA-NRH-F207 (+-48V) 207kVA WA-NRH-F207 (+-60V) 207kVA 32,4kVA 43,2kVA 54kVA V V V V ca. 50W ca. 50W ca. 50W 1900W 2250W 2800W 99,0% 98,9% 98,6% WA-NRH-FV207 (+48-24V) WA-NRH-FV207 (-48+24V) WA-NRH-FV207 (+64-32V) WA-NRH-FV207 (-64+32V) 207kVA 207kVA 207kVA 207kVA 43,2kVA 43,2kVA 57,6kVA 57,6kVA V V V V ca. 300W ca. 300W ca.300w ca.300w 2500W 2500W 3000W 3000W 98,8% 98,8% 98,6% 98,6% Voltage regulator 300 kva WA-NRH-F300 WA-NRH-F300 WA-NRH-F300 (+-36V) 300kVA (+-48V) 300kVA (+-60V) 300kVA 47kVA 62,5kVA 78,2kVA V V V V ca. 60W ca. 60W ca. 60W 2500W 4100W 5500W 99,1% 98,6% 98,2% WA-NRH-FV300 (+48-24V) WA-NRH-FV300 (-48+24V) WA-NRH-FV300 (+64-32V) WA-NRH-FV300 (-64+32V) 300kVA 300kVA 300kVA 300kVA 62,5kVA 62,5kVA 83,3kVA 83,3kVA V V V V ca. 240W ca. 240W ca. 240W ca. 240W 3300W 3300W 5400W 5400W 98,9% 98,9% 98,2% 98,2%

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