Spaceborne SAR design and concepts, focus on SAR interferometry and applications

Transcription

1 Spaceborne SAR design and concepts, focus on SAR interferometry and applications Jean Paul AGUTTES, Didier MASSONNET, CNES (Centre National d'etudes Spatiales), France Abstract The tutorial is divided in two parts: Part 1 given by JP Aguttes about Space-borne SAR design constraints, rules and concepts and Part 2 given by D. Massonnet about SAR interferometry system design and applications Part 1: After an introduction (or recall) of the SAR imaging principles and sizing equations for SAR, we highlight the fundamental constraints of a conventional spaceborne SAR (minimum Antenna Area, maximum Swath/resolution ratio), the trading areas around theses constraints together with the main technological options (instrument and satellite level). Then we present non-conventional modes and concepts for pushing forward these barriers: most of them are based on an array of several antennas either within a same satellite or distributed over several satellites flying together as a swarm. At all theses steps, the demonstrations, discussions and sizings are based on simple analytic equations, and illustrations are given based on existing or planned programmes. Part 2: After recalling the principles of SAR interferometry, describing the required processing steps and reviewing some significant results, we focus on specific system designs and the potential output of these designs. A critical aspect of these is the cost-effectiveness of a specific system in regard of the expected improvement: most interferometric products can be obtained with conventional systems not specifically designed for it. Using the interferometric cartwheel concept as a working example, we describe the quality and limitations of the products that can be obtained, the specificity of the processing to be applied, the links and complementarity with polarimetry. Finally, we attempt an analysis of the future of the various forms of interferometric products and processing methods, taking into consideration the existence of global data bases.

2 Short biography of Didier Massonnet IN CHARGE OF ADVANCED CONCEPT, PROGRAM DIRECTORATE, CNES tel. (33) fax (33) Didier.Massonnet@cnes.fr Centre Spatial de Toulouse 18 Ave. Édouard Belin Toulouse, Cedex9 FRANCE CITIZENSHIP Born July 7, 1957 in Paris, France French citizen Married; four children EDUCATION Diploma from the Ecole Polytechnique, 1982 Diploma from the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Techniques Avancées 1984 CPA Business School 1996 PhD for professorship habilitation from the University of Toulouse 1997 HONORS First prize, Geophysical Image Contest, AGU 1994 Prix Kodak-Pathé Landucci: Grand Prix de l'académie des Sciences, 1994 "Vinci d'excellence" (with K. Feigl) in "Art and Science" international contest Silver Medal of the French Aerospace Academy, 1998 EXPERIENCE CNES/JPL exchange program on Sir-B, Radar imaging specialist at CNES, Head of the radar group, CNES, Head of the radar processing department of CNES, Deputy manager of the Image Processing Division of CNES, Deputy Assistant Director, Earth Observation, CNES Program Directorate, In charge of advanced concept, CNES Program Directorate, RESEARCH INTEREST Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar image formation. Quality measurement on SAR images. Developement of geodetic applications based on active or passive electromagnetic systems. System design for spaceborne radars. Applications of space geodetic

3 systems to Earth sciences. Theory and applications of SAR interferometry. System design for spaceborne radars, the latest being the interferometric cartwheel. FIVE MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS Massonnet, D., Rossi, M., Carmona, C., Adragna, F., Peltzer, G., Feigl, K. and Rabaute, T., The displacement field of the Landers earthquake mapped by radar interferometry. Nature, : p Massonnet, D., Feigl, K., Rossi, M. and Adragna, F., Radar interferometric mapping of deformation in the year after the Landers earthquake. Nature, : p Massonnet, D., P. Briole, and A. Arnaud, Deflation of Mount Etna monitored by spaceborne radar interferometry. Nature, : p Massonnet, D., W. Thatcher, and H. Vadon, Detection of Postseismic Fault Zone Collapse following the Landers Earthquake. Nature, : p Massonnet, D. and K.L. Feigl, Radar Interferometry and its Applications to Changes in the Earth's Surface. Review of Geophysics. 1998, 36(4) p FIVE MOST RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS Massonnet, D., Capabilities and limitations of the interferometric cartwheel. IEEE Trans. Geoscience & Rem. Sensing, vol.39, March 2001, pp Massonnet, D. and H. Vadon, ERS-1 Internal clock drift measured by interferometry. IEEE Trans. Geoscience & Rem. Sensing, (2): p Massonnet, D. and T. Rabaute, Radar interferometry: limits and potential. IEEE Trans. Geoscience & Rem. Sensing, (2): p Massonnet, D., H. Vadon, and M. Rossi, Reduction of the Need for Phase Unwrapping in Radar Interferometry. IEEE Trans. Geoscience & Rem. Sensing, (2): p Massonnet, D., F. Adragna, and M. Rossi, CNES General-Purpose SAR Correlator. IEEE Trans. Geoscience & Rem. Sensing, (3): p Short biography of Jean Paul Aguttes Born in France, in 1956 Diploma from "Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Paris" in Attended in 1998 the 34 th National Session of the" Centre des Hautes Etudes de l'armement". CHEAr is the Armament Advanced Education for high ranking military and civil authorities (program or unit directors, officers ) With CNES since 1981.

4 Up to 1988: Studies and developments in Navigation and Radio-positioning DORIS development responsible (DORIS is a CNES very accurate ranging system on board of SPOT, TOPEX, and others satellites) Initiated and leaded CNES GPS activities: GPS navigator on S/C, Geostationary augmentation studies (which became EGNOS/GNSS1) 1988: Studies and projects in Microwave Remote sensing Head of "Radar studies and project" department Manager of MEGHA-TROPIQUES project (passive microwave remote sensing satellite in co-operation between CNES and ISRO) 2000 : Deputy Head of BCA : Joint Design Office between French MOD and CNES aimed at preparing future missions and promoting/enabling duality. Since : Head of PASO: Plateau for Architecture of Orbital Systems (integrated team in charge of conceptual and prefeasibility phases of all CNES projects excluding launchers) Expertise and achievements: Senior member of SEE (French Society of Electricity, Electronic Engineers) CNES expert in Radar: publications and contributions to book, conferences, teaching (Sup aero, Spacetech), international consulting, paper reviewing, Project CO-investigator 9 publications (with reviewing committee), > 20 communications in conferences, 1 contribution to book Received 5 patents in Radio Frequency domain (Radar, positioning, antenna) Organizer (from scratch) of 3 workshops/ symposium. The last one Formation Flying missions and technologies is now a recurring international event in partnership with the major Space Agencies Session Chairman and member of organization and technical committees of several symposiums (IGARSS, Radar 99 and Radar 03,..) IAC/IAF committee(s) member: Space Systems Committee and Astro-dynamic Committe Main Publications (with reviewing committee) Aguttes, Jean.-Paul (CNES, Toulouse, France) Radically new design of SAR satellite: Short vertical antenna approach IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronics Systems, Vol 37 Nb 1,January 2001 Aguttes, Jean.-Paul (CNES, Toulouse, France) A Radically new approach for enabling large antenna in space : the RF PRISM concept Manuscript currently in revision for next publication IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronics Systems Aguttes, J.P.; Bellaiche, G. (CNES, Toulouse, France) Capabilities of lightsat constellation for operational altimetry Acta Astronautica vol.35, no.7 p , 1995

5 Aguttes, J.-P. (CNES, Toulouse, France) Short antenna spaceborne SAR concepts Aerospace Science and Technology vol.3, no.6 p , 1999 Aguttes, Jean.-Paul; Sombrin, Jacques; Conde, Eric; Chaubet, Michel; Sebbag, Isabelle; Bousquet, Pierre (CNES, Toulouse, France) RADAR `SAIL' satellite concept and design Acta Astronautica v 46 n p Aguttes, Jean-Paul ; Fernandez, Nicolas ; Foliard, Jacques (CNES, Toulouse, France) Potential of elliptical orbits for theatre observations Presented in IAF (Bremen 2003) and selected for publication in Acta Astronautica Contribution to Book Aguttes J.P, Otrio G..(CNES Toulouse), Space Borne Instruments The Standard Handbook for Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineers, pp , McGraw-Hill Standard Handbooks, 2002

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