ELT Homing. Air and Ground Search. 22/06/2010 CASARA Ottawa. Prepared By Terry Cooper
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1 ELT Homing Air and Ground Search Prepared By Terry Cooper
2 Visual Search AGL: Where s the crash?
3 Visual Search 2 How about now? (200 AGL)
4 What is an ELT? Low power radio transmitter (~50-75mw, 5W on 406) 121.5Mhz, 243Mhz (military) or 406Mhz Triggered by impact/shock 48 Hour battery life External and Built-in antennas Typically installed in the tail of an aircraft (fixed wing).
5 Typical ELT Location ELT
6 SARSAT/COSPAS Satellites on Polar orbits (LEOS) Satellite orbits take 100 minutes Monitoring 121.5*, 243*, and 406 MHz Primarily designed for 406MHz Relay ELT signals to local user terminals (ground stations) Doppler shift used to find possible location of the beacon and 243 monitoring will cease by Feb. 2009
7 Signal Confidence SARSAT hits are given a confidence value. Confidence Accuracy Miles Miles Miles Miles
8 Comparing ELT Types TYPE Location Accuracy 12nm 2nm Coverage Local Global Signal Power.1W 5W Alert time Hours Instantaneous Doppler Location 2 Passes 1 Pass
9 Radio Basics
10 Radio Direction Finding Two methods of RDF Triangulation (signal strength, bearing) Homing (signal strength and direction)
11 Tools of the Trade Little L-Per Handheld H Antenna
12 Vehicle Mount Quad Right Left Fore Aft Magnetic Vehicle mount antennas Left/Right Fore/Aft
13 A/C External Antennas Temporary Strut mount installation Permanent Belly mount installation
14 Little L-Per How it works REC Mode only used for Handheld Antenna forms directional beam (YAGI) Left side points to target at highest signal Needle indicates signal strength Useful for confirming multiple DF centres DF Mode Antennas switched a high rate Needle points to side with strongest signal Needle centres with target in front or behind Functional with very weak signal (you may not hear it) Works well with moving vehicle or aircraft
15 ELT search basics Look for obvious target areas near SARSAT hit airports, heliports, Purolator depots Look for high ground Take numerous bearings Box the target or triangulate
16 Handheld RDF Use L-Per on DF mode Find centres (there should be two) More than two centres use REC mode Take multiple bearings to the target Triangulate with bearings Watch for sources of error
17 CENTRE
18 CENTRE
19 CENTRE
20 CENTRE! CENTRE
21 CENTRE
22 CENTRE
23 CENTRE
24 CENTRE
25 CENTRE! CENTRE
26 CENTRE
27 CENTRE
28 CENTRE
29 CENTRE
30 CENTRE! CENTRE
31 Triangulation
32 Using the Quad Little L-Per is always in DF mode While vehicle is moving, average the indication (it will be swinging) Watch for centre or flip Keep needle at about half scale by adjusting sensitivity control Box the target Always look for sources of error
33 Using the Quad Right Left Fore Aft Right Left Fore Aft Right Left Fore Aft Target in Front Target Beside Target in Back
34 Using the Quad Right Left Fore Aft Right Left Fore Aft Right Left Fore Aft Target Left Target Front or back Target Right
35 Boxing the target (Quad) Switch in Fore/Aft: needle right Switch in Right/Left: Needle Left Leave switch in Fore/Aft
36 Boxing the target (Quad) Switch in Fore/Aft: needle centres Switch in Right/Left: Needle Left Mark map
37 Boxing the target (Quad) Switch in Fore/Aft: needle centres Switch in Right/Left: Needle Left Find a road to left
38 Boxing the target (Quad) Switch in Fore/Aft: needle centres Switch in Right/Left: Needle Left Mark map
39 Boxing the target (Quad) Switch in Fore/Aft: needle centres Switch in Right/Left: Needle Left Entire track should be done Without stopping vehicle for Heading checks, errors are Reduced by vehicle motion. Get as close as possible with Vehicle, then proceed on foot with Handheld antenna Additional sides reduces error
40 Closing in Reduce L-Per sensitivity Fold H antenna Use Handheld Radio Tune off frequency Remove antenna Use signal strength meter Use these methods for airports or Purolator depots where multiple choices of target exist
41 Air Search RDF Homing Use Little L-Per and Strut or belly mount or Spotter held antennae Similar to ground vehicle RDF with Quads Turn to centre, hold to track to target Fly perpendicular tracks to narrow target area.
42 Boxing the target (air) Fly tracks with needle centred at all times Signal strength increasing, Needle moderately sensitive
43 Boxing the target (air) Brief turns can be used to confirm station passage. Signal strength very high, Needle very sensitive
44 Boxing the target (air) Signal strength decreasing, Needle less sensitive
45 Boxing the target (air) Probable target area
46 Boxing the target (air) Fly second track perpendicular to first starting roughly in the centre of probable target area. Keep the needle centred
47 Boxing the target (air) Intersection of tracks is target location Keep the needle centred Call in the ground team.
48 Boxing the target (air) Additional tracks will refine target location, reducing search altitude will also narrow the area. Some error will still exist due to search altitude, local terrain, and ELT position.
49 Aural Null Using aircraft communications radio Procedure A Procedure B
50 Aural Null Procedure B is quicker, less flying Accurate navigation is required for either procedure Signal propagation errors will affect results Aircraft radio/antennas have a directional bias.
51 Wing Blanking Using aircraft comms radio Once a signal is picked up: Turn 360 degrees Note audible drop in signal The signal drop indicates that the belly of the a/c points at the target. Repeat the process to triangulate the target. Doesn t work with all antenna installations.
52 RDF in the real world (stuff that will fool you) RDF in open areas RDF in Hills/Mountains/Wooded areas RDF in urban areas Effects of wreckage Effects of hangars
53 Reflection Errors
54 Hangar/Crash Effects
55 Hawksbury East (Actual Search) Runway, Grass Metal open front hangars Large Mtce hangar Trees Paved apron
56 Canyon Effect
57 Forest Effects
58 Hills/Mountains
59 Signal Polarization
60 Airborne False Targets
61 Airborne Reflections
62 Information Sources (Maker of Little L-Per) (Scott E Lanis) Practice and Experience
63
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In an unmagnetized piece of iron, the atoms are arranged in domains. In each domain the atoms are aligned, but the domains themselves are random.
4/7 Properties of the Magnetic Force 1. Perpendicular to the field and velocity. 2. If the velocity and field are parallel, the force is zero. 3. Roughly (field and vel perp), the force is the product
RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1314* REDUCTION OF SPURIOUS EMISSIONS OF RADAR SYSTEMS OPERATING IN THE 3 GHz AND 5 GHz BANDS (Question ITU-R 202/8)
Rec. ITU-R M.1314 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1314* REDUCTION OF SPURIOUS EMISSIONS OF RADAR SYSTEMS OPERATING IN THE 3 GHz AND 5 GHz BANDS (Question ITU-R 202/8) (1997) Rec. ITU-R M.1314 Summary This Recommendation
This presentation will cover T- Hunting and ARDF. In this talk we will discuss : The equipment The competition The strategy Other uses for DF
This presentation will cover T- Hunting and ARDF In this talk we will discuss : The equipment The competition The strategy Other uses for DF Types of Transmitter Hunting: Car Hunts or "T-Hunting" One Transmitter
RESOLUTION A.659(16) adopted on 19 October 1989 PROVISION OF RADIO SERVICES FOR THE GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS AND SAFETY SYSTEM
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION RESOLUTION A.659(16) adopted on 19 October 1989 A 16/Res.659 30 November 1989 Original: ENGLISH ASSEMBLY - 16th session Agenda item 10 IMO RESOLUTION A.659(16) adopted
GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM)
GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM) What is GPS? GPS, standing for Global Positioning System, is becoming common nowadays. Following is a brief introduction. The American Defense Department developed GPS originally
EBC 302-VHMJ OR VRHMJ EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTERS EACH UNIT CONSISTS OF: 1 ELT AND 1 MOUNTING BRACKET
EMERGENCY BEACON CORPORATION 15 RIVER ST NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK 10801 PHONE: (914) 235-9400 FAX (914)576-7075 emergencybeacon@verizon.net IMPORTANT; TESTING SHOULD NOT BE DONE WITH NIGHT VISION GOGGLES
Copyrighted Material - Taylor & Francis
22 Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System II (TCAS II) Steve Henely Rockwell Collins 22. Introduction...22-22.2 Components...22-2 22.3 Surveillance...22-3 22. Protected Airspace...22-3 22. Collision
VIP-300U TRANSPORTABLE RF JAMMER
VIP-300U TRANSPORTABLE RF JAMMER The Transportable RF Jammer model VIP300U uses a proprietary barrage jamming method to defeat remote controlled improvised explosive devices. It works by sending out RF