International Cospas-Sarsat Programme : From operations to MEOSAR prospects
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1 International Cospas-Sarsat Programme : From operations to MEOSAR prospects Presented by Jean-Charles CORNILLOU MRCC Corsen director with the help of Michel MARGERY (CNES) & Alex GENICOT (FMCC) UN/USA Training Course: Satellite Aided SAR Source: CNES D. Ducros 1
2 Cospas-Sarsat Programme: From operations to MEOSAR prospects Cospas-Sarsat Programme Introduction Mission Statement Programme Environment System Status and Operations Current Space and Ground Segments Beacon Population and SAR Events Future Prospects MEOSAR Second Generation Beacons 2
3 Cospas-Sarsat Programme COSPAS: Kосмическая Система Поиска Аварийных Судов (Cosmicheskaya Systyema Poiska Avariynyich Sudov ) SARSAT = Search And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking 3
4 Cospas-Sarsat Mission Statement The International Cospas-Sarsat Programme provides accurate, timely and reliable distress alert and location data to help search and rescue authorities assist persons in distress. Objective The objective of the Cospas-Sarsat system is to reduce, as far as possible, delays in the provision of distress alerts to SAR services, and the time required to locate a distress and provide assistance, which have a direct impact on the probability of survival of the person in distress at sea or on land. 4
5 ICAO / IMO / ITU National Regulatory Authorities Policies on SAR Specifications / Installation & Carriage requirements The Cospas-Sarsat Environment Cospas-Sarsat Space and Ground Segments Electrical Performance Spec. of beacons Type Approval Standards Beacon Manufacturers ELT/EPIRB/PLB Design, Production, Sale, Servicing SAR Organisation (Aeronautical/Maritime) ICAO/IMO JWG on Harmonization of SAR SAR procedures / coordination RCCs SAR Services Beacon Owners / Users 5
6 Cospas-Sarsat Programme Project started in 1979 with two objectives: Provide Doppler location for MHz ELTs, Demonstrate new 406 MHz technology. First launch (Cospas-1) 30 June 1982 First rescue 10 September 1982 LEOSAR satellite system operational in GEOSAR satellite system operational in Satellite processing of MHz terminated in
7 Cospas-Sarsat Programme Cospas-Sarsat Participants Algeria Argentina Australia Brazil Canada Chile China (P.R.) Cyprus Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong India Indonesia Italy ITDC Japan Korea (R. of) Madagascar Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway Pakistan Peru Poland Russia Saudi Arabia Serbia Singapore South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Thailand Tunisia Turkey UAE UK USA Vietnam 7
8 Space Segment 2 Types of Satellites Low Earth Orbiting Search And Rescue (LEOSAR) Geostationary Earth Orbiting Search And Rescue (GEOSAR) High Altitude Geostationary Orbit Low Altitude Earth Orbit 8
9 Combined LEO/GEO System COSPAS SARSAT MSG The Cospas-Sarsat system combines the benefits of its LEO and GEO components: INSAT GOES Global LEOSAR coverage Real-time GEOSAR alerting Independent LEOSAR Doppler positioning capability Highly accurate GNSS positioning (some beacons only) High probability of LEO detection even when GEO blocked High system capacity 9
10 System Status Space Segment: - 6 LEO satellites - 5 GEO satellites + 3 spares Ground Segment: - 57 LEOLUTs - 21 GEOLUTs - 30 Mission Control Centres Distress Beacons: - 1 million (406 MHz beacons) - about 30 active manufacturers Operations (2009): - > 1,500 persons rescued with CS data - > 475 SAR events 10
11 Beacon Population Estimated Beacon Population at the end of ,000, , ,000 Number of Beacons 700, , , , , , , EPIRB population PLB population ELT population 406 MHz population (All) 11
12 System Operations 2009 Since September 1982, Cospas- Sarsat data helped rescue more than 28,000 persons in about 7,750 SAR events. 12
13 2009 Alert Locations AS13 SAR Events: 482 Rescued: 1,577 13
14 Future Prospects : MEOSAR Medium Earth Orbit Search And Rescue MEOSAR system: New Space Segment: 406 MHz repeaters on Glonass, Galileo and GPS constellations New Ground Segment required for global coverage Backward compatibility / interoperability with existing 406 MHz beacons and enhanced performance. Second generation 406 MHz beacons for further performance enhancement and new functionalities (return link service) 14
15 MEOSAR system MEOSAR IMPROVEMENT: Quickly calculate the position of a distress beacon by processing the signal repeated by multiple satellites in medium earth orbit (20,000 km). 13/05/
16 From LEOSAR to MEOSAR With the Galileo DASS Constellation (Equipped with SAR repeaters) GALILEO Constellation (Equipped with SAR repeaters) return link 406 MHz Distress Signal 406 MHz Distress Signal L-Band downlink Uplink (SAR acknowledgment) GALILEO uplink Station SAR acknowledgment Leolut or Geolut MEOLUTs network 406 MHz distress beacon (Equipped with GNSS receiver) Cospas-Sarsat MCC Cospas-Sarsat Nodal MCC RLSP GALILEO Control Centre
17 MEOSAR System Concept GPS-III GLONASS-K MHz RHCP MHz RHCP GALILEO MHz LHCP 406 MHz Distress Beacon Galileo GMS / ULS Rescue MEOLUT / MCC Return Link Service Provider GMS : Ground Mission Segment ULS : Up-Link Station(s) RCC 17
18 Why MEOSAR? LEOSAR: Can detect low powered beacons Polar coverage Wait time (minutes to hours dependent on location and terrain) SARP on-board processing: structure of beacon message, coding methods are fixed GEOSAR: Current System: Near-real-time detection Limited coverage beyond 70ºN and 70ºS Fixed geometry: beacon to satellite (blockage) No Doppler independent location Limited options for possible evolution of 406 MHz beacon signal and technology No central / coordinated management of operations, therefore System evolution to meet new requirements is slow 18
19 Why MEOSAR? Improve speed and reliability of detecting and locating 406 MHz distress alerts (near-real-time): Can locate beacons on single burst : First Burst Detection and Location Continuous detection and location Independent location accuracy improves in time Moving beacons can be tracked: on life raft adrift at sea on aircraft in emergency in flight (before a crash) No Doppler mirror image location generated Additional features e.g. Return Link Service, cancellation of false alerts Possibly improve beacon performance and affordability High level of satellite redundancy and availability 19
20 Tentative MEOSAR Time Line MEO Space Segment MEO Ground Segment Beacon Requirements & Design Studies Beacon Specification Beacon Development New Beacon Segment D&E Planning Development of Ground Segment Specifications and Data Distribution Procedures D&E G. S. Spec. Develop. G. S. Commissioning Pre IOC use of MEO data, parallel to LEO GEO data distribution and limited to available coverage areas Pre IOC IOC FOC Operational use of MEO data in available coverage area using: commissioned Space and Ground Segment Equipment, and integrated LEO/GEO/MEO data distribution procedure 20
21 Highlights of New Operational Requirements for Beacons Minimum Operational Requirements (ELTs, EPIRBs and PLBs) First burst transmission after 3 sec. to allow independent location determination: 5 km with [90]% probability Higher repetition rate to allow for enhanced performance during first 30 sec. of transmission (ensure 99.9 % detection, 95% location < 5 km) Independent location accuracy to improve with time (1 km/95% within 5 minutes, 100 m/95% within 30 minutes) Self test Cancellation function of false alerts by user Verification of beacon registration Homing and on-scene locating 21
22 Highlights of New Operational Requirements for Beacons Objective Operational Requirements (NOT applicable to all beacons) High resolution (30m) 2xD encoded GNSS location data in beacon message with date/time of encoded data Altitude of aircraft encoded with GNSS location (50m) Automatic ELT activation on indication of emergency (prior to crash) Return link capability for acknowledgement of alert and other services Battery status indicator Additional bits for expanded message content 22
23 QUESTION?
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