Low-Power Heating for Conductometric Gas Nano Sensors: Self-Heating Effects and Others
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1 TITLE Low-Power Heating for Conductometric Gas Nano Sensors: Self-Heating Effects and Others SPEAKER O. Monereo, N. Markiewicz, J. Samà, O. Casals, C. Fàbrega, F. Hernandez-Ramírez, A. Cirera, A. Romano-Rodríguez, A. Waag, J.D. Prades INSTITUTION MIND/IN 2 UB, Dept. d Enginyeria: Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain IHT/EC 2 /LENA, Braunschweig University of Technology, Germany EVENT EuNetAir COST Action TD1105 Final Meeting October 7 th, Prague (CZ)
2 Power Consumption State of the art P O x + +
3 Heated Gas Sensors P 3
4 Heated Sensors Intoduction Strategy Miniaturization P 4 1) Sensing element porous layers, bunch of (nano)particles, a few nanoparticles 2) Heating element millimeters scale 1mm 50 m microelectronics
5 Heated Sensors Intoduction Strategy Limits of miniaturization Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, (2008) P 5
6 Heated Sensors Intoduction Self-heating From random wires to single wire. P 6
7 Heated Sensors Intoduction Self-heating From single wire to random wires??? P 7
8 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Carbon Nano Fibers (CNF) P 8
9 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Carbon Nano Fibers (CNF) P 9
10 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random wires Self-heating in random wires Carbon Nano Fibers (CNF) Sens. Actuators B 187, 401 (2013) P nm m
11 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Self-heating in random CNFs Power consumption? Sens. Actuators B 211, 489 (2015) P 15 Heater operation x10000 x100 Self-heating Significant Power Savings efficient self-heating
12 Counts (--) Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Self-heating in random CNFs Origin of efficient heating? Nanoscale 8, 5082 (2016) P 16 Dr. Sauerwald Prof. Schütze Heater operation Heater at 100 C Self-heating at equivalent resistance Hot-spots Self-heating Temperature ( C)
13 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Self-heating in random CNFs Origin of efficient heating? Nanoscale 8, 5082 (2016) P 18 IR Thermography Raman Shift Mapping Hot-spots Hot-spots
14 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Self-heating in random CNFs Origin of hot-spots? Nanoscale 8, 5082 (2016) P 19 τ A << 1 ms τ B ~ 1 s
15 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Self-heating in random CNFs Resistor network model Nanoscale 8, 5082 (2016) P 20 Hot -spots
16 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Self-heating in random CNFs Resistor network model Nanoscale 8, 5082 (2016) P 21 High Resistance -spots
17 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Self-heating in random CNFs Resistor network model Nanoscale 8, 5082 (2016) P 22 Sensing Resistance -spots
18 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Self-heating in random CNFs Validation Nanoscale 8, 5082 (2016) P 23 Hot -spots High Resistance -spots Sensing Resistance -spots
19 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Self-heating in random CNFs Power consumption? Sens. Actuators B 211, 489 (2015) Nanoscale 8, 5082 (2016) P 24 Heater operation x10000 x100 Self-heating
20 Heated Sensors Pulsed self-heating in random systems P 25 Self-heating in random CNFs Pulsed operation? Sens. Actuators B 226, 254 (2016) Continuous operation Pulsed operation
21 Heated Sensors Pulsed self-heating in random systems P 26 Self-heating in random CNFs Advantages of pulsing Sens. Actuators B 226, 254 (2016) Pulsed-selfheating? 1) Baseline stabiliz.
22 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems Self-heating in random nanosystems Is it possible with other materials? P 29 + Materials: + Carbon nanofibers + Carbon nanotubes + Graphene + ZnO nanowires + TiO 2 nanowires + WO 3 nanowies + SnO 2 nanowires + Ge nanowires + Pt nanowires + Methods: + In-situ CVD growth + In-situ hydrothermal + Drop-casting + Electrospray + Dielectrophoresis + Langmuir Blodgett
23 Heated Sensors Self-heating in random systems P 35 Self-heating in random MOX Is it possible with other materials? Yes, and tricks depend on the material used.
24 Illuminated Gas Sensors P 36
![response S(%) [NO 2 ] (ppm) Illumin. Sensors Intoduction Light Activated Gas Sensors Concept Phys.](/docs-images/91/106930923/images/25-1.jpg "Chem.Chem.Phys. 11, 10881 (2009) Sens Actuators B 140, 337 (2009) P 37 100 UV - OFF (T=25ºC) 10 50 1 0 100 50 UV - ON (T=25ºC) 0.1 10 1 0.")
25 response S(%) [NO 2 ] (ppm) Illumin. Sensors Intoduction Light Activated Gas Sensors Concept Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys. 11, (2009) Sens Actuators B 140, 337 (2009) P UV - OFF (T=25ºC) UV - ON (T=25ºC) time (minutes)
26 Illumin. Sensors Intoduction Light Activated Gas Sensors Features Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys. 11, (2009) Sens Actuators B 140, 337 (2009) P 38
27 Illumin. Sensors Surface Modifications Visible light operation EU-Patent Nr Nano Energy 2, 514 (2013) Surface sensitization CdS Absorption (a.u.) P 39 ZnO/p-Si CdS@ZnO/p-Si nm ZnO Wavelengh (nm) Light, ZnO Time (h) Time (h) 6 [Methane] (ppm) VOC (mv) VOC (mv) [Methane] (ppm) Light, CdS@ZnO
28 Illumin. Sensors Surface Modifications Visible light operation Surface functionalization P 40 Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 595 (2014)
29 S (%) S (%) S (%) S (%) Illumin. Sensors Visible light operation Surface Modifications Flexibility Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 595 (2014) P ppm NO ppm EtOH 100 ppm NH 3 4 ppm SO ppm NO ppm EtOH 100 ppm NH 3 4 ppm SO Time (s) Time (s) ppm NO ppm EtOH 100 ppm NH 3 4 ppm SO NO 2, 0.4 ppm NH 3, 100 ppm EtOH, 200 ppm SO 2, 4 ppm CO, 200 ppm Time (s) Time (s)
30 Illumin. Sensors Visible light operation Surface Modifications Selectivity? Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 595 (2014) P 42 + Good sensitivity + Very good selectivity
31 Illumin. Sensors Monolithic integration Light operated sensors Practical issues P 43 + Poor photon flow control + Distance - geometry + Only current-controlled + High power consumption + Optical loses + >>10mW
32 Illumin. Sensors Monolithic integration Light operated sensors From discret components to monolithic P 44 LED IDE
33 Illumin. Sensors Monolithic integration Monolithic integration Sensor platform: In:GaN LED + IDE FET Open 2016 P 45 Sensor Electrodes (IDE) n-led p-led SiO 2 Semi-transp. p electrode p-gan InGaN/GaN MQW n-gan sapphire
34 Illumin. Sensors Monolithic integration Monolithic integration Sensor platform: In:GaN LED + IDE P 46 Sensor material Au semi-transparent p-led IDE SiO 2 InGaN/GaN MQW p-gan n-gan buffer-gan Sapphire n-led
35 Illumin. Sensors Monolithic integration Monolithic integration Results: semi-transparent device P 48 n-led IDE p-led IDE 1 mm
36 P (W) Illumin. Sensors Monolithic integration Monolithic integration Results: P-V characteristics P E-3 1E-4 V = 3.5V I = 246 µa P = 861 µw V Th = 2.82V I th = 19.3µA P Th = 54.4 µw 1E V (V)
37 R (k ) P LED (W) Illumin. Sensors Monolithic integration Monolithic integration Results: efficiency P 53 + CNT photocondutivity activation ,1 0, E-3 1E E Time (min) This work V LED = 2.82 V I LED = 19.3 µa P Th = 54.4 µw Distance ~ 200 nm Commercial LED V LED = 2.95V I LED = 100 ma P Th = 295 mw Distance < 5mm
38 response S (%) Illumin. Sensors Monolithic integration Monolithic integration Result: equivalent responses P mid flux HEATER 10 LIGHT low flux unexcited 1 high flux 0, [NO 2 ] (ppm)
39 Conclusions Heated sensors P 57 Efficient self-heating in random nanostructures Hot - spots High Resistance - spots Sensing Resistance - spots Pulsed - selfheating 1) Baseline stabilization 2) More power savings 3) Faster times As good at sensing as the material used. Can be applied to 1D, 2D, carbon, MOXs.
40 Conclusions Illuminated sensors P 58 Potentially equivalent to heated sensors Surface modification for Visible operation Better Selectivity Practical issue: light control Monolithic integration of LED+IDE: Full light control, lots of power savings Ready to use!
41 END Thank you P 62 + J. Samà + P. García-Lebière + O. Monereo + S. Illera + N. García-Castelló + J. Llosa + A. Varea + E. Xuriguera + R. Jiménez-Díaz + A. Romano-Rodríguez + A. Cirera + A. Cornet + M.W. Hoffmann + A.E. Gad + J. Hartmann + X. Wang + H. Shen + A. Waag + T. Sauerwald + A. Schütze + F. Shao + M. Manzanares + T. Andreu + F. Hernández + S. Barth The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/ ) / ERC Grant Agreement n
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